Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej最新文献

{"title":"Polish Finishers from Danish Piglets: Uncontrolled Transformation of Pig Industry in Poland","authors":"Jakub Olipra","doi":"10.30858/zer-166114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer-166114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Only 20 years ago, Poland was self-sufficient in pig production, being one of the key players in the Euro- pean pig market. Since then a growing specialization of Poland in pig finishing and meat processing has been observed, while the domestic production of piglets has declined. As a consequence, Poland has lost its self-sufficiency in pig production and become strongly dependent on imports of piglets, mainly from Denmark. The aim of this paper is to summarize the evolution of the Polish pig industry and specify the main determinants of the Polish imports of Danish piglets. The results of the estimates using the vector error correction model (VECM) show that the volume of the Polish imports of piglets from Denmark may be explained by a degree of specialization of Poland in pig finishing, the phase of pig cycle, and the competitiveness of Polish pork. The results may be helpful in understanding the evolution of the Polish pig industry and its growing dependence on imports of piglets.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81954402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in the Production Insurance System","authors":"Grzegorz Rawa","doi":"10.30858/zer-166603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer-166603","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Progressive climate change triggers off phenomena that threaten agricultural production. Crop insurance makes it possible to mitigate their effects, but only a small percentage of crops in Poland is insured. Previous research into the determinants of farmers'participation in the production insurance system has mainly used the logit regression method. This paper presents the results of a study using a structural equation model (SEM) estimated for a sample of 600 farms in the FADN observation field, which aimed to identify factors influencing farmers’ purchase of production insurance. This research approach made it possible to describe the phenomenon in a way that has been little recognized so far, complementing the decision-making model under consideration with latent variables that could not be considered by the methods used so far. Based on the literature research, three unobservable variables were identified: willingness to purchase insurance, risk aversion and risk perception, and farming intensity, and then quantified using observable variables. The results show a directly proportional relationship between willingness to purchase insurance and risk aversion and risk perception and inversely proportional relationship with farming intensity.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"97 1","pages":"51 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80649902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farms and their Holders Implementing Agri-Environment-Climate Measures","authors":"W. Józwiak, Z. Mirkowska, Jolanta Sobierajewska, W. Ziętara","doi":"10.30858/zer-168687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer-168687","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article contains characteristics of farms implementing agri-environment-climate measures in diverse natural conditions defined by the valorization index of agricultural production area. Considering the farm size, three types of the conditions were distinguished: difficult, average, and favorable. Attention was focused on the production potential of farms, their human capital, and economic situation. The subject of the research was a group of 1,175 individual farms covered by the Polish FADN, which implemented agri-environment-climate measures under the 2014–2020 common agricultural policy between 2018 and 2020. It was not a representative sample for the entire population of farms implementing the above-mentioned measures. Farms operating in difficult habitat conditions had a lower production potential (agricultural area, economic size, capital, and capital–labor ratio). The share of farmers with agricultural education was also lower in the group. As a result, income from such farms was lower, the fixed assets replacement rate was lower and the farm was incapable of competing on the domestic market. The ability was demonstrated only by farms functioning in favorable habitat conditions. The share of payments in the income of the analyzed farms was also higher, on average, by 21.7 p.p., as compared to the average share of payments in the income of other farms with a similar agricultural area. The study shows that there is a very large share of subsidies in the income of the groups of farms implemetnting agri-environment-climate measures and a clear positive connection between longer working hours (at least 2120 hours per year) of the farm manager with the economic situation of the farm.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"29 1","pages":"68 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72590400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Effects of Changes in the Excise Tax on Tobacco Products in Poland","authors":"K. Hryszko, P. Szajner","doi":"10.30858/zer-167032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer-167032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the article is to assess the impact of changes in excise duty rates on prices, consumption, and tax revenue to the state budget on the development of the domestic tobacco industry. The study was conducted, among other things, using methods of statistical comparative analysis, dynamics of the main elements of the market, exponential regression analysis, and analysis of selected financial ratios. The research shows that between 2010 and 2021 the tobacco industry in Poland developed very dynamically due to foreign direct investments and competitiveness on the EU market. Fiscal policy determined prices of tobacco products, as indirect taxes dominated the structure of retail prices. The increasing rates of excise duty resulted in a decrease in cigarette consumption, which was compensated by an increase in the consumption of innovative products. The effectiveness of fiscal policy is also confirmed by the growing budget revenues and reducing the shadow economy in the internal market. In recent years, however, consumer income has been growing faster than the prices of tobacco products, which has resulted in their better affordability. In conclusion, between 2022 and 2027, excise tax rates will gradually increase due to the harmonization of the national tax law with the regulations in force in the European Union. The increase in excise duty rates will determine the production and sale of tobacco products, which will adapt to demand conditions. Higher rates of excise tax will result in an increase in the prices of tobacco products and state budget revenues from indirect taxes.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"172 1","pages":"22 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79525198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of the European Union Quality Schemes for Polish Regional and Traditional Food Products","authors":"A. Malak-Rawlikowska, E. Majewski, Izabella Kamińska","doi":"10.30858/zer-168871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer-168871","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main aim of the study was to identify current problems encountered by the Polish producers of products registered under the PDO, PGI, and TSG labels and develop a set of recommendations that may support the development of the market of FQS products in Poland. The study findings showed that many factors are disrupting the functioning of the Polish market of FQS products and are related to product specificities, market relevance, supply chain governance, legitimacy, and law enforcement. The majority of products is characterized by a low value added, which makes it difficult to distinguish them on the market and therefore protect against counterfeit. There are also products with greater value added, but the lack of farmers’ collective action reduces the potential effect that could result from the economy of scale. Furthermore, a limited number of certified producers and small cultivation areas constraint the use of effective marketing strategies, hindering producers’ ability to gain more visibility for their produce. Consequently, Polish FQS producers cannot create more profitable market niches, often selling their certified products at regular market prices without the expected price premium. Moreover, FQS labels are also not recognized well by consumers, which indicates a serious problem of information asymmetry in the value chain. In order to improve the FQS sales in Poland, a joint commitment of the public administration agencies and producers is necessary in terms of providing support to producers in the process of developing applications, introducing the system for monitoring FQS distribution and reporting counterfeits, creating an umbrella association of certified producers acting on behalf of all the participants of the system. Moreover, producers are encouraged to increase the scale of production, introduce common packaging and joint promotional activities, as well as joint sales and distribution in order to avoid producer–producer competition and to strengthen producers bargaining position in the food supply chain.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"212 1","pages":"95 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74482674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expected Utility and Prospect Theories Versus Agricultural Insurance","authors":"J. Kulawik","doi":"10.30858/zer/161811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/161811","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The expected utility theory/hypothesis (EUT/ET) by von Neumann and Morgenstern has become the subject of criticism and efforts to improve it already at the moment of presenting its complete axiomatic form (1953). The broadest analysis was carried out by Kahneman and Tversky using the prospect theory (PT). However, it was not carefully prepared. The above two were helped in 1982 by Quiggin with his extension of the EUT in the form of the rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU). This was followed by Kahneman and Tversky in 1992 boasted the second version of the prospect theory, i.e., the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). It became the most competitive proposal to the EUT, although later other researchers added new elements to it. In this way, the subsequent generations of the PT were created. Today there are five in total. It soon became apparent that the PT also did not satisfactorily explain various cases of decision-making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Upon closer analysis, however, it turned out that the PT was in fact a generalization of the EUT. Both theories are tools for modeling insurance decisions, including agriculture. In this context, the main aim of the article is to present the principles and the results of applying them in agricultural insurance. The analysis shows that the pragmatic solution at present is the combined use of both theories, with the EUT usually being the reference point.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"22 1","pages":"62 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78970393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditions for the Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector in the EU, Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and Mercosur Countries","authors":"Dawid Jabkowski","doi":"10.30858/zer/162031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/162031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main purpose of this paper was to identify the resource conditions for the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the European Union (EU), Japan, Canada, Vietnam, and Mercosur countries. The study proved that these countries demonstrate a strong competitive potential. The largest labor resources are found in the Vietnamese agriculture, even though it has witnessed an outflow of 40% of its workforce over the recent years. The EU exhibits high levels of gross fixed capital formation in the agricultural sector. Conversely, the Vietnamese agriculture recorded the fastest growth in capital expenditure. Canada and Mercosur countries have a considerable area of agricultural land and a concentrated agrarian structure, and thus can benefit from economies of scale which, in turn, determine their global competitiveness. It is the opposite in Japan and Vietnam, with over 90% of farms having an area up to 5 ha.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"33 1","pages":"42 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87150156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Adjusted Analysis of Agricultural Efficiency: A Systematic Literature Review of Frontier Approaches","authors":"J. Staniszewski, A. Matuszczak","doi":"10.30858/zer/162644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/162644","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper reviews 200 papers regarding environmentally adjusted analysis of agricultural efficiency found in the Scopus database. Based on the PRISMA method the scope of the review was limited to papers where efficiency is assessed with data envelopment analysis (DEA) or stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The aim of this paper is to identify how efficiency analysis can be enhanced to take into account environmental aspects of agricultural production and indicate the research trends and gaps. Regarding the trends, most of the studies refer to agriculture in Europe, with a noticeable increasing trend in Asia. The production directions under research mainly include crops or milk production, usually in the farm scale. It can also be observed that a typical economic efficiency model is developed to include new environmentally detrimental inputs or undesirable outputs, such as fertilizing, climate impact, crop protection, water footprint, and energy usage. The most common determinants were farmers features, scale of production, intensification, agricultural practices, quality of the production environment, macroeconomic environment, specialization, environmental practices, and farm features. The following research gaps were identified. The case studies of Africa and North America are limited, like those at the field and local levels as well as those related to horticultural and animal production other than milk production. The SFA approaches are underdeveloped in comparison with DEA, like approaches other than additional inputs/outputs. In particular, the by-production approach seems promising. Limited attention has been paid to soil condition, biodiversity, waste generation in agriculture, and positive externalities provided by the agriculture. An interesting and less investigated area in terms of performance determinants remain farmers’ behavioral features.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"41 1","pages":"20 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81422818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditions for Coopetition of Farms in the Agri-Food Sector on the Example of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province","authors":"Z. Nasalski","doi":"10.30858/zer/162156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/162156","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the most important determinants of farms coopetition in the agri-food sector on the example of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province. Using the survey questionnaire, the research was carried out in 2021 on a research sample of 155 entities (farms, economic self-government units, trade associations, processing undertakings, and government agencies dealing with issues related to food economy and rural development had the largest share). The results show that the respondents were aware of the potential benefits of coopetition; they primarily pointed to the opportunities to increase sales, reduce costs, and gain greater bargaining power in relations with suppliers and recipients. Defining the basic barriers to the development of coopetition in the agri-food sector, the respondents indicated, above all, low awareness of part of the business environment, the reluctance of companies to cooperate with each other, and the lack of coopetition development models. In the institutional dimension, a special role in the implementation of coopetition should be attributed to advisory entities, economic self-government, trade associations, and scientific institutions. Conditions for the development of farm coopetition in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province include not only endogenous, but above all exogenous factors shaping the possibilities of greater involvement of the surveyed entities in strategic cooperation in the agri-food sector. It was concluded that the coopetition gap of farms can be significantly reduced by greater involvement in integration processes, e.g., in the food industry. It is also very important to inspire integration activities by regulatory institutions related to the economic development of the region.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"28 1","pages":"85 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89828966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Family Farming in the Second Decade of the 21st Century","authors":"Józef Stanisław Zegar","doi":"10.30858/zer/161785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/161785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the article is to determine the course of transformation of family farming in Poland in recent years in terms of the industrial model and challenges related to its sustainability. The results of the 2010 and 2020 agricultural censuses, other public statistics data, and the literature on the subject were used to achieve this goal. Apart from the general characteristics of the transformation, the focus was on changes in labor inputs, resource productivity, and household income of individual farm users. The analysis showed that the development of agriculture does not differ from the general model of industrial transformation, including the following processes: commercialization, intensification, concentration, and specialization. However, new challenges are emerging, especially the need for putting agriculture on a sustainable track and the demographic, environmental, and economic conditions that require significant adjustments in the transformation of agriculture. Significant intervention by political institutions is needed, especially in creating eco-innovations and conditions for the use of new income opportunities, which also requires intensifying the cooperation of farmers themselves. It is also advisable to extend the scope of agricultural advisory services, going beyond the sphere of using public funds and conventional economics of farms.","PeriodicalId":29744,"journal":{"name":"Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej","volume":"259 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79610767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}