Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science最新文献_第9页

Why Do Stem Cells Create Such Public Controversy 干细胞为何引起如此大的公众争议

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15099

J. Maienschein

引用次数: 0

What Are Climate Scientists to Do 气候科学家该怎么做

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15165

E. Keller

{"title":"What Are Climate Scientists to Do","authors":"E. Keller","doi":"10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15165","url":null,"abstract":"The campaign to discredit predictions of man-made global warming—originally organized by readily identifiable vested interests—has by now recruited a large popular constituency of declared “skeptics” increasingly disposed to “take a stand”: some of them opposed to government regulation in general, some resistant to any claims to intellectual authority (perhaps especially scientific), and some mobilized by a version of the right to individual freedom of opinion. As a result, confidence in the expertise of scientists has reached an all time low: Internet sites, radio talk shows, and television channels preferentially transmit “contrarian” attacks on the credibility of climate scientists. Even our most responsible newspapers and journals, in their very commitment to the traditional ethic of “balance,” sometimes contribute to the widespread misimpression that climate scientists are deeply divided about both the extent of the dangers we face and the relevance of human activity to global warming. Not knowing who or what to believe, the natural response for most people is to do nothing, and the consequence, as Thomas Homer-Dixon wrote last year for the New York Times: “Climate policy is gridlocked, and there’s virtually no chance of a breakthrough” (2010). Meanwhile, as evidence both of the role of human contributions to global warming and the dangers of that warming continues to mount, consensus among climate scientists grows ever stronger, and those of us who attend to that evidence are increasingly alarmed.","PeriodicalId":29732,"journal":{"name":"Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70956720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Between Theory and Craft: Exploring the Role of Co-operation within Scientific Research Labs 理论与实践之间:探索合作在科研实验室中的作用

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14957

B. Lander

{"title":"Between Theory and Craft: Exploring the Role of Co-operation within Scientific Research Labs","authors":"B. Lander","doi":"10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14957","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how researchers in a scientific research lab co-operate with each other and value these co-operations, using a case study of a life sciences lab as an illustrative example. It explores how researchers within the lab co-operate in three main ways: through their ideas, methods and resources. A core contention of this article is that the values researchers attach to these different ways of co-operating can be assessed on two dimensions: goals and ways of understanding. The goals dimension moves from group goals, manifested in the vision of the lab defined by its principal investigator, to the goals of individual researchers within the lab, often achieved through work on individual projects. Individual goals were more highly valued by researchers in this case study. The ways of understanding dimension moves from theory-based and theory-building research activities, to craft-based activities related to the research lab’s experiments. Theoretical ways of understanding are more highly valued by researchers in this case study. Combined, these two dimensions mean that researchers will value co-operations that support individual goals and theoretical ways of understanding more highly. Idea-based collaborations, individualistic and theoretical in nature, were the most highly valued. Collaborations based on resources, communal and craft-centered, were the least valued in this case study.","PeriodicalId":29732,"journal":{"name":"Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70956879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Steve Fuller. Science 史蒂夫·富勒。科学

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14294

Mike Thicke

{"title":"Steve Fuller. Science","authors":"Mike Thicke","doi":"10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14294","url":null,"abstract":"Historian and philosopher of science Steve Fuller has long embraced his role as a public intellectual. As part of that mission, he testified in the 2005 Dover school board trials, arguing that intelligent design could legitimately claim scientific status. He has since written two books on the intelligent design controversy. Science, his latest effort, is part of The Art of Living series. It is ostensibly an exploration of what it means to “live scientifically,” but is more accurately described as an argument for the necessary connection between science and theology. Fuller’s central argument should be no surprise to those familiar with his previous commentary on intelligent design. It is a two-pronged pragmatic argument. On the one hand, Darwinism is dispensable: most work in biology does not rely on Darwin’s theory of evolution (think molecular biology). On the other hand, religion is indispensable for scientific progress: without believing that the universe has been designed to be intelligible to humans, there is no motivation for scientists to attempt to comprehend it. However, in Science Fuller goes further than this. He also claims that a designer with intelligence resembling our own is the best explanation for the success of science.","PeriodicalId":29732,"journal":{"name":"Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70956646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relevance of Scientific Practice to the Problem of Coordination 科学实践与协调问题的相关性

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14607

Andrew Peterson

引用次数: 1

Periodicals and Controversy 期刊与争议

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15324

B. Lightman

{"title":"Periodicals and Controversy","authors":"B. Lightman","doi":"10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.15324","url":null,"abstract":"In 1854 the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley pointed to a significant change in the way that reviewers were treating books that endorsed deeply flawed scientific theories. In the past, “when a book had been shown to be a mass of pretentious nonsense,” it “quietly sunk into its proper limbo. But these days appear, unhappily, to have gone by.” Due to the “utter ignorance of the public mind as to the methods of science and the criterion of truth,” scientists were now forced to review such books in order to expose their deficiencies (Huxley 1903, 1). Huxley’s observation indicates how the development of a mass reading audience in mid-nineteenth century Britain transformed the very nature of scientific controversy. Scientists were compelled to debate the validity of theories in new public sites, not just in exclusive scientific societies or in specialized scientific journals with limited circulation. It was during the nineteenth century that public controversy—not limited to science alone—became possible for the first time. In this short piece I will discuss how the “communications revolution” produced a public space for the debate over evolutionary theory in mid-nineteenth century Britain. I will focus on periodicals as one of those public spaces in which the debate took place.1 As Huxley found, attempting to resolve a scientific controversy in the general periodical press could be a risky venture. Although a non-specialized journal could provide the public space necessary for reaching the reading audience, maintaining scientific authority in such a site was somewhat problematic.","PeriodicalId":29732,"journal":{"name":"Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70956778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Latour's greatest hits, reassembled: Review of Bruno Latour's Reassembling the social: An introduction to Actor-Network-Theory 拉图尔的代表作，重组:布鲁诺·拉图尔的《重组社会:行为者网络理论导论》书评

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2011-09-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14968

Nicholas J. Rowland, Jan-H. Passoth, Alexander B. Kinney

{"title":"Latour's greatest hits, reassembled: Review of Bruno Latour's Reassembling the social: An introduction to Actor-Network-Theory","authors":"Nicholas J. Rowland, Jan-H. Passoth, Alexander B. Kinney","doi":"10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4245/SPONGE.V5I1.14968","url":null,"abstract":"It seems peculiar that a non-theory, anti-method has managed to become canonical, but that is what Bruno Latour will introduce you to in his book; the post-pluralist, post-humanist attitude called Actor-Network-Theory (ANT). Drawing together heaps of controversial research, Latour resuscitates ANT after its 1999 death (see Law and Hassard 1999). Like Graham Harman’s book about Latour, The Prince of Networks (2009), Reassembling the Social is the outcome of various lectures and seminars, and must be read as such. Readers looking for the second incarnation of Science in Action (1987) or a follow-up to The Pasteurization of France (1988) will be sorely disappointed because Latour’s offering here is more akin to Politics of Nature (2004) or We Have Never Been Modern (1993) in that the audience gets a repetitive synthesis peppered with apercu rather than reams of deep empirical analysis, as Gubert (2007, 603) has also suggested. Conceivably, the book might be the classroom workhorse for Latour’s new transnational teaching and research project “Mapping Controversies,” which is running simultaneously in six institutions (see http://www.demoscience.org/).","PeriodicalId":29732,"journal":{"name":"Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70956943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Scientific Instruments: Knowledge, Practice, and Culture [Editor’s Introduction] 科学仪器:知识、实践与文化[编者简介]

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2010-08-30 DOI: 10.4245/SPONGE.V4I1.14231

Isaac Record

引用次数: 2

The Challenge of Authenticating Scientific Objects in Museum Collections: Exposing the Forgery of a Moroccan Astrolabe Allegedly Dated 1845 CE 鉴定博物馆藏品中的科学物品的挑战:揭露伪造的摩洛哥星盘，据称是1845年的

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2010-08-30 DOI: 10.4245/sponge.v4i1.13025

Ingrid Hehmeyer

引用次数: 0

Out the Door: A Short History of the University of Toronto Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments 出了门:多伦多大学历史科学仪器收藏简史

Spontaneous Generations-Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2010-08-30 DOI: 10.4245/sponge.v4i1.13802

Erich Weidenhammer, Michael da Silva

引用次数: 0