Annales D'ethiopie最新文献

{"title":"Yoḥannәs Mäțmәq (Saint-Jean Baptiste) de Gazen (Tәgray) : l’église et son baptistère. Nouvelles hypothèses","authors":"C. Jolivet-Lévy, Nicole Lemaigre Demesnil","doi":"10.3406/ethio.2022.1719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2022.1719","url":null,"abstract":"Dedicated to the rock-hewn church of John the Baptist (Yoḥannәs Mäțmәq) of Gazen, in Eastern Tәgray, which has received little attention so far, this paper aims to specify its chronology and to shed light on its function. It is a vast three-aisled basilica, covered with ceilings, the naves being separated by pillars supporting an architrave. The sanctuary, extended by a semicircular apse, is flanked by annexes, including, at the southern end, a baptistery, which adds to the very few examples so far recorded in Ethiopia. If the precise ceremony ritual procedures escape us, we can at least reconstruct the dynamics of circulation of baptismal candidates. The architecture of the church has many points in common with the basilicas of the Aksumite period, but also, more broadly, with the early Christian churches of the Eastern Mediterranean, which leads us to suggest a 6th century or early 7th century dating ; this hypothesis is not contradicted by the evidence recently brought by archaeology for this region. Furthermore, this chronology, if accepted, could invite reconsideration of that of other rock-cut churches (Dәgum Sәellase, Bäraqit Maryam, Ḥawzen Täklä Haymanot). Easily accessible, of imposing dimensions, with benches along the walls and endowed with a baptistery, the church of Yoḥannәs Mäțmәq was intended to accommodate a large number of faithful. Its use was not limited to a funeral function, hitherto privileged in scholarship ; the hypothesis of a pilgrimage center, where baptism could be carried out, can be considered. Finally, the church of Gazen, whose commissioners are unknown, but which testifies to a substantial investment, may have played a role in the Christianization process of the rural populations of Eastern Tәgray.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114161547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le 'Rapatriement' des Rastafaris en Éthiopie. Éthiopianisme et retour en Afrique","authors":"Giulia Bonacci","doi":"10.3406/ETHIO.2002.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ETHIO.2002.1025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114622946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mariages interéthniques et changement social dans la région Afar de l'Éthiopie","authors":"François Piguet","doi":"10.3406/ETHIO.2005.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ETHIO.2005.1097","url":null,"abstract":"Piguet Francois. Mariages interethniques et changement social dans la region Afar de l'Ethiopie. In: Annales d'Ethiopie. Volume 21, annee 2005. pp. 155-175.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117186235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethiopian Manuscript Maywäyni 041 with Added Miniature: Codicological and Technological Analysis","authors":"Jacek Tomaszewski, E. Balicka-Witakowska, G. Żukowska","doi":"10.3406/ETHIO.2014.1560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ETHIO.2014.1560","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article est dedie a l'analyse d'un manuscrit de la collection monastique de Maywayni (Tigray), numerise dans le cadre du programme Endangered Archives en 2011 (EAP 526). Ce manuscrit datant du XVIII e siecle est orne de deux representations de la Vierge a l'Enfant : un dessin contemporain de sa fabrication, ainsi qu''une miniature du XV e siecle. Une analyse codicologique de ce manuscrit est realisee, avec une attention toute particuliere sur les techniques de reliure et les restaurations qui y ont ete apportees. Les pigments et colorants de la miniature ont ete analysees au moyen des techniques physico-chimiques de μ-Raman et (FTIR)-spectroscopie.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125033113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of a Better Job: The Occupational Trajectories of Migrant Girls in Addis Ababa","authors":"M. Regt, Felegebirhan B. Mihret","doi":"10.3406/ethio.2020.1689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2020.1689","url":null,"abstract":"Ces dix dernières années ont été marquées par un nombre croissant d’adolescentes migrant des zones rurales vers les centres urbains, en particulier vers Addis-Abeba. Si la migration des jeunes filles n’est pas un phénomène nouveau en Éthiopie – historiquement, elles quittaient déjà les lieux qui les avaient vues naître pour se faire engager comme domestiques ou comme travailleuses saisonnières dans l’agriculture –, le nombre d’adolescentes migrant de leur propre chef a été bien plus important au cours de la dernière décennie. La pauvreté en milieu rural et la recherche d’un emploi n’épuisent pas les raisons de ces migrations croissantes. Les adolescentes veulent également pouvoir poursuivre leur éducation, s’affranchir d’un régime de genre oppressant, caractérisé notamment par des mariages précoces et des enlèvements, ou aspirent à une «vie meilleure». Dans cet article, nous analysons les parcours professionnels d’adolescentes qui ont migré à Addis-Abeba sous l’angle du passage à l’âge adulte (Van Blerk, 2008 ; Grabska et al., 2019). Au cours de leur parcours de vie, trouvant leur voie à Addis-Abeba, les jeunes filles migrantes prennent des décisions difficiles et s’orientent stratégiquement dans un marché du travail genré. Elles cherchent activement à accéder à l’indépendance et à la liberté en dépit d’un contexte contraignant. L’article est fondé sur une recherche qualitative menée en 2014 auprès de jeunes filles migrantes exerçant comme domestiques ou comme travailleuses du sexe à Addis-Abeba. Cette étude s’inscrit dans un projet plus large entrecroisant le genre, la migration et le passage à l’âge adulte. Nombre d’adolescentes migrantes débutent leur parcours professionnel comme domestiques, employées par des proches ou par des familles qui ne leur sont pas apparentées. Ce travail domestique est cependant vu comme une première étape dans leur transition vers l’âge adulte, leur permettant de quitter leur lieu de naissance et d’entrer sur le marché du travail. Néanmoins, elles y font l’expérience de l’exploitation et d’abus, ce qui entrave leur liberté et leur indépendance ; c’est pourquoi elles décident souvent de fuir. Nos résultats démontrent que les adolescentes migrantes ne sont pas uniquement des victimes mais qu’elles cherchent volontairement des emplois mieux payés et qui leur garantissent une certaine sécurité et une protection relative comparées aux contraintes qu’elles subissent en tant que travailleuses domestiques. Le travail sexuel constitue une des options possibles pour les adolescentes qui vivent seules en ville. Financièrement lucratif, il leur donne un sentiment de liberté, mais il est également stigmatisé, marginalisé et fait d’elles des cibles de harcèlement. Les travailleuses sexuelles sont au bas de l’échelle sociale en Éthiopie. Les récits de vie présentés dans cet article montrent comment les adolescentes migrantes exerçant dans ce domaine aspirent à trouver un emploi mieux reconnu socialement. Elles rencontrent toutefo","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121737482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’Afrique de l’Est dans la réflexion globale sur le Middle Stone Age","authors":"Katja Douze","doi":"10.3406/ETHIO.2011.1430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ETHIO.2011.1430","url":null,"abstract":"La reflexion globale sur le Middle Stone Age est surtout marquee par la decouverte des plus anciens Homo sapiens connus en Afrique de l’Est et par l’apparition precoce de vestiges attestant d’une pensee symbolique dans le reste du continent. Cet article presente les controverses theoriques au sujet de l’emergence d’une modernite comportementale et la contribution de l’Afrique de l’Est a ce debat. Un historique sur la construction du Middle Stone Age ainsi qu’une synthese des donnees archeologiques sur la periode en Afrique de l’Est viennent corroborer ces propos. Plus specifiquement, une revue des sites ethiopiens permet de mettre en avant l’etat des connaissances sur le Middle Stone Age ainsi que la necessite de mieux cerner les caracteristiques chronologiques et regionales de la periode.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122099694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medieval Ge’ez land grants of Aṣe Waša Maryam church in Wägda (1344-1432)","authors":"Derese Ayenachew","doi":"10.3406/ethio.2020.1696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2020.1696","url":null,"abstract":"The old district of Wägda was situated on the frontiers of the ancient sultanate of Šäwa. It is said to be one of the core Christian settlement areas in Šäwa during the power struggle of King Y ekuno Amlak (r. 1270-1285) against the Zagwe king Yetbaräk. King Yekuno Amlak would have recruited soldiers from the Wägda Christian community to establish the Solomonic dynasty in 1270. Land grant documents from the present church of Aṣe Waša Maryam in Wägda demonstrate the early presence of medieval kings. Oral informants indicate that Aṣe \u0000 Waša Maryam was established by King Säyfä Ar’ad (r. 1344-1380), when he installed his royal camp in this place. Three Ge’ez land grants mention lands chartered to the two churches of Maryam and Mika’el, and in memory of a dignitary called ras Baro during the reigns of King Säyfä Ar’ad, King Dawit (r. 1380-1412), and of the rarely referred to King Ḥezbä Nañ (r. 1430-1432). These land donations were probably documented successively during the reigns of the aforementioned kings. They witness the expansion of the Christian kings in Wägda that was dominated for centuries by the sultanate of Šäwa. This paper intends to present the Ge’ez land grant documents that were donated to different churches in Wägda during the reigns of Kings Säyfä Ar’ad, Dawit, and Ḥәzbä Nañ. It also introduces additional information on the political organization of a regional court of this period.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121479397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autobiographies and the writing of women’s history: the example of Hiwot Teffera’s Tower in the Sky","authors":"Pierre Guidi","doi":"10.3406/ethio.2020.1697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2020.1697","url":null,"abstract":"As archives, autobiographies allow analysis of the reciprocal relations between individuals, broader social groups, social structures, and contexts. For decades they have served as valuable sources for feminist historians. They uncover voices often silenced or distorted in institutional archives and historical works. Moreover, autobiographies make it possible to study how gendered structures work and how power relations are experienced and possibly manipulated by women. The several autobiographies recently published by former activists of the Ethiopian revolution are essential sources for historians’ understanding of the mechanisms of participation in the revolutionary movement. Drawing on selected themes from Hiwot Teffera’s famous work, Tower in the Sky, this article questions the intensity of the student generation of the 1970s’ revolutionary commitment and the gendered dimensions of activism. To do so, it focuses on social relations such as love and the ways of belonging to a group, on the rational and emotional drivers of engagement, and on the gendered division of activist work. Lastly, it defends the relevance of autobiography as a multilayered archive that is particularly suitable for the analysis of intricate processes.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122869348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on some Cave Churches in the Province of Wallo","authors":"Stuart T. Wright","doi":"10.3406/ETHIO.1957.1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ETHIO.1957.1255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125193411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hawelti-Melazo: the French legacy and recent research In memoriam Henri de Contenson(1926-2019)","authors":"T. M. Menn","doi":"10.3406/ethio.2020.1692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2020.1692","url":null,"abstract":"Dans les années 1950, les travaux archéologiques de la Section d’Archéologie se sont déroulés non seulement à Aksoum mais aussi à Haoulti-Melazo, à une dizaine de kilomètres au sud-est. Ici, plusieurs sites ont révélé des structures sabéennes et aksoumites. Bien que la communauté scientifique ait pris acte des fouilles à Haoulti-Melazo – et cela principalement grâce aux activités archéologiques d’Henri de Contenson – aucune autre investigation n’a été effectuée pendant les 50 années qui ont suivi. Depuis 2009, un projet de coopération éthioallemand – impliquant l’Institut archéologique allemand (DAI), l’Université d’Iéna, l’Autorité éthiopienne pour la recherche et la conservation du patrimoine culturel (ARCCH) et le Bureau de la culture et du tourisme du Tigrai (TCTB) – est en cours dans ladite région et mène des recherches sur le patrimoine culturel. En l’honneur d’Henri de Contenson – décédé en septembre 2019 – cet article donne un bref aperçu de l’histoire de la recherche sur Haoulti-Melazo, de l’héritage laissé par les archéologues français et de la façon dont – après des décennies d’inactivité – ces travaux ont repris.","PeriodicalId":296547,"journal":{"name":"Annales D'ethiopie","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126293137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}