Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Typhidot Test Against Blood Culture in Diagnosis of Enteric Fever","authors":"Mohsan Sohail, Anam Nazeer, Sarah Azhar, Ghazala Irfan, S. Abrar, M. Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610297","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the accuracy of Typhidot test against blood culture to diagnose Enteric Fever. Design of Study: Cross-sectional study Place and Period of study: Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital from August 2019 to Jan 2020. Material and Method: A total number of 89 cases who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria with signs & symptoms of Enteric fever. Results: There were 40 (44.9%) males and 49 (55.1%) females. 60 (67.4%) patients had positive Typhidot test while 69 (77.5%) showed positive blood culture. The typhidot showed sensitivity of 68.1%, specificity of 35%, PPV (Postive Predictive value) of 78.3%, NPV (Negtive Predictive value) of 24.1% and diagnostic accuracy of 60.7% against culture (gold standard). Conclusion: The study concludes that sensitivity & specificity of Typhidot test is less as compare to blood culture in diagnosing Enteric fever. Keyword: Typhoid Test, Enteric fever, Blood culture, Typhidot Test, Diagnostic accuracy","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114997417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of Knowledge about the Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Local Population Presenting with Breast Lump","authors":"A. Afridi, Saima T Akbar","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610382","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of organ-specific cancer in females. It is responsible for 26% of all cancers that are newly diagnosed in women and 15% of all cancer-related fatalities in females. Objective: To ass knowledge Level about the risk factors of Breast Cancer in local population presenting with breast lump Methodology: This study was descriptive cross-sectional done at the Surgery department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The study was conducted for a period of one year from January 2011 to December 2012. All the information’s were documnted in the data collecting performa. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 14. Results: In the current study, totally 210 female patients were enrolled. Only 10.4% of patients had a good knowledge of the risk factors for BC, whereas 35.3% had moderate knowledge and 54.2% had a poor understanding. Less than 50% of women responded positively when asked about the other risk factors, but 54.22 percent of them recognized that using oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy increased the chance of BC. Conclusion: Among women, breast cancer has the highest incidence rate, and its prevalence is quickly increasing in low- and middle-income countries. According to this research, most of the risk factors for BC are unknown to the majority of women in our society. The high incidence of BC in our society is largely due to this lack of awareness of the risk factors. Keywords: Level of Knowledge; Breast cancer; Risk factors","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116685438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Risk Factors Profile of Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children at A Tertiary Care Children's Hospital","authors":"N. Anjum, Muhammad Yousuf, Ziafat Rehman, Faisal Zafar, I. Aslam, Hafiz Muhammad Ishfaq","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610325","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the etiological risk factors of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children. Study Design: An observational cohort study. Place and Duration of the Study: Neurology department of “The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan”, from January 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Children in the age group from one month of age to 12 years with a history of acute onset of focal neurological deficit of upper motor nerve and positive findings on neuroimaging were included in the study. The workup included baseline lab testing, neuroimaging, cardiac evaluation, and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) laboratory testing. We used predesigned proforma for recording the patient's details and the possible etiology of the stroke. Results: In a total of 84 children, 28 (33.3%) were male and 56 (66.7%) were female. Age ranged from 4 months to 11 years with a mean age of 3.4±2.2 years. Etiological risk factors identified in 62 (73.8%) patients and were remained undetermined in 22 (26.2%) patients. The risk factors identified were central nervous system infection arteriopathy in 22 (26.2%), iron deficiency anemia 20 (23.8%), cardiac disorders 11 (13.1%), moyamoya disease in 5 (6.0%), and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes in 4 (4.8%) patients. Practical Implications: It is essential to know the etiology of risk factors responsible for AIS as the management and prognosis are directly influenced by them. Conclusion: Infection-associated arteriopathy was the most common etiological risk factor for arterial ischemic stroke in our study population. Keywords: Anemia, arterial ischemic stroke, central nervous system, moamoya","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"39 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120996324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Efficacy between Open and Close Reduction in Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children Using Flynn’s Criteria","authors":"R. Muhammad, Dost Mohammad Sohu, Z. Soomro, Kashif Ali Shaikh, S Kumar, H. Ghumro, Fazallullah Mahar, Aijaz Ali Maitlo","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610345","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy between open and close reduction in supracondylar fracture of humerus in children using Flynn’s criteria. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred patients were enrolled and divided into two groups (open reduction and closed reduction groups). Each group had 50 patients. Fracture-fragments which were reduced through open reduction protocol or closed reduction were operated under highly standardized care and fixation was performed through K wiring in cross wise pattern. Results: Most of the children were male in both groups with only 20 and 24% females in open and closed reduction groups respectively. The efficacy analysis presented that open reduction efficacy was only 8-10 percent respectively in 5-10 and 11-15 years children respectively. The Flynn criteria also presented that 31 cases of open reduction were having an excellent grade followed by 14 with good. Conclusion: Open reduction method to be superior over closed reduction with higher number of satisfactory scores and efficacy. Keywords: Efficacy, Supracondylar fracture, Flynn’s criteria, Open reduction, Close reduction","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121140697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Conventional Treatment of Prom (Pre Labor Rupture of Membranes) with Active Treatment in Term Patients","authors":"Farah Khan, N. Shah, Shabana Kanwal, Nusrat Shah, F. Naz, Urooj Naz","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610413","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To compare outcome of conventional treatment of Pre labor rupture of membranes (PROM) with active treatment in term patients. Place and Duration: This study was Conducted in Family Medics Infertility and Maternity Centre Karachi from March 2022 till June 2022. Materials & Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial on 74 registered patients who presented to the labor room with term pregnancy and with the ruptured membranes at thirty-seven weeks or more gestation verified from the last normal menstrual period or a dating scan. Two groups were randomized as either spontaneous labor or active management by Prostin.37 patients presented in Prelabour rupture of membranes were examined as per departmental policy and left for spontaneous labor and 37 women were actively managed by inserting Prostin in the posterior fornix. Main Outcomes Measured: The outcome of interest was intervention vs .non intervention regarding timespan between PROM and initiation of labour in respective groups. Secondary outcome included patients who did not respond to either conventional measures or active treatment and required caesarian section. Results: The time duration between rupture membrane and initiation of labour was less in intervention group as compared to conservative group (6.40hrs vs. 5.03hrs).The rates with respect to normal delivery or caesarian section were same in test and control groups (27 pts. vs. 25 pts.). There was no statistically significant difference regarding complication in both the arms in study. (P-value=0.967) Conclusion: The results of our study showed that there are no differences in outcomes of conservative management of PROM with that of active management. However, patients managed actively in intervention group delivered earlier as matched with patients with spontaneous management. Keywords: Term pregnancy, PROM, Spontaneous vaginal delivery, Emergency Cesarean section. The Registration number of the study specified by the university is JSMU/IRB/2022/-601.","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes between Open and Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","authors":"Waqas Noor Chughtai, M. Razzaque, Tanveer Ahmad, M. Rehman, A. Rashid, Amjad Maqsood","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610305","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the clinical, radiological and functional outcomes of patients between open TLIF and minimally invasive TLIF techniques. Study Design: Prospective cohort study Place and duration: Study was conducted at department of neurosurgery Bakhtawar Amin Hospital, Multan from August 2021 to July 2022 in duration of one year. Methodology: A total of 94 patients planned for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) were enrolled in study. Main variables of study were intra operative blood loss, duration of surgery, VAS score, ODI index and functional score. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis, t-test and chi square test were applied to see association among variables. P value less than or equal 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Oswestry disability index readings were 35.16±2.18 and 5.12±0.61 in O-TLIF and MIS-TLIF groups respectively at 3 weeks after surgery. The differences were statistically insignificant, (p>0.050). Physical component summary of both the groups at different time intervals as shown better outcomes in MIS-TLIF group, no difference was found to be statistically significant except at 6 week. Mental component summary in both the groups was almost equal, (p>0.050). Implications: There was no local study on comparison of open and minimally invasive technique for TLIF, our study will fulfill the local reference gap and help the surgeons for choice of better management technique in future. Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery TLIF technique is better in immediate benefits as soft tissue injury and iatrogenic injury which is associated with better post operative pain functional recovery time. So, minimal invasive interbody fusion is a safe and reliable option for short term (blood loss, post operative pain) and long term outcomes like functional recovery. Keywords: Interbody fusion, VAS score, SF-36, ODI index, TLIF Technique","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129603657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Neck Circumference and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure among Patients of Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Faisal Asad, A. Sahito, F. Rahman, Madiha Moin, Ubedullah ., S. Rahman","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610485","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the relationship between neck circumference (NC) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as to assess CPAP requirements based on the neck circumference. Material and methods: This study was carried out in the pulmonary, vascular, and sleep disorders department of the Dow University Hospital in Karachi. The study was done for six months of duration from January 2022 to June 2022. All of the patients who had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), between the ages of 18 and 60 years, both genders and underwent CPAP therapy were chosen for this study. The polysomnography database was utilized in order to do an analysis on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index for the OSA. Neck circumference was measured at the neck’s middle sit in every participant. The neck circumference was correlated with the CPAP therapy. The structured study proforma was used to collect all the data. Results: A total of 181 individuals who presented with OSA were studied. Mean age of the cases were 52.86+12.26 years and mean neck circumference was 43.45+3.58 cm. Males were 58.0% and females were 42.0%. Majority of the cases 56.4% had severe OSA. There was a strong significant positive correlation between neck circumference and CPAP (r= 0.177, p-value 0.017) and significant positive correlation between neck circumference and CPAP (r= 0.366, p-value 0.001). Average of CPAP pressure was significantly high according to severity of OSA (p-0.0001). Conclusion: The neck circumference was observed to be the most reliable marker that significantly positively correlated with CPAP therapy and measurements of OSA and its severity, by AHI alone, seem to have a positive correlation with CPAP therapy. However, OSA evaluation and treatment can be measured for their responsiveness to CPAP based on their neck circumference. Keywords: OSA, NC, CPAP, Relationship","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129945459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Meningitis in Cases with a History of Getting the MMR Vaccine within the Past 45 Days","authors":"Sohaib Riaz, I. Chaudhary, Abdullah Umer Rehan, Qurat-ul-ain Khalid, Ismat Tahira, Aneeqa Adnan, Muhammad Ahsan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610447","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the frequency of meningitis in cases having history of receiving the MMR vaccine in last 45 days. Methodology: This observational research evaluated 100 cases of meningitis in the final 45 days after MMR vaccination. All children admitted to Madinah Teaching Hospital's Paediatric unit were included. Duration of study was 12 months from Feb 2021 to March 2022. All 9-43-month-old male/female patients of any socioeconomic level and location were examined for meningitis. Meningitis was classified as a CSF WBC pleocytosis of 5/mm3. Clinical data was compiled using parents', patients', and hospital records' information. In addition to the normal CSF investigation, all frozen CSF samples were tested for enteroviruses (EV) and mumps using PCR (culture, cell count, sugar, and protein). Results: In our study, 57% of the cases were less than 24 months old, 43% were between 25 and 43 months old, 48% were male, and 52% were female. Meningitis incidence in patients with recent MMR vaccination was 5%. Conclusion: We observed 5% of meningitis cases (9-43 months) occur within 45 days after the initial MMR immunization. Keywords: Children, MMR Vaccine, meningitis","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124573212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Laparoscopy and its Role in Patients with Chronic Abdominal Pain: Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Farrukh Sami, M. Aslam, M. Ali, Javaid Sajjad Hashmi, M. T. Khan, M. Memon","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610333","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find the efficacy of diagnostic laparoscopy and its role in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Study Design: Observational study Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Ali Fatima Hospital/Abu Umara Medical & Dental College Lahore from 1st July 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Seventy patients suffering from chronic abdominal pain were enrolled. An informed written consent was taken from each of them as an approval of participation. The age of the patients was between 20-65 years. Mostly the left side of the abdomen upper-quadrant was opted. Post creation of pneumo-peritoneum a 3 trocar technique which is standardized procedure was applied and a 10mm port through umbilical while two lateral trocars of 5 mm were used. The completed abdominal-cavity was investigated in detail initializing from the liver then gall bladder as well as anterior-surface of stomach and also the spleen. In women uterus as well as Douglas pouch was examined in context to fluid consistency, colour in addition to its site. The specimens were collected and sent to the histopathological lab for analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36±15.3 years with majority were males with 55.71%. Around 45.71% patient’s pain site was at the right lower quadrant while 21.42% had left lower quadrant. The outcomes of laparoscopic investigation showed 27.10% patients to have appendix related pathology, while 19% had bands of adhesion. Conclusion: Laparoscopic proved to be an effective surgical technique in evaluating exact causes of chronic abdominal pain especially in cases where traditional methods have failed to explain the particular cause. Keywords: Bowel movement, Laparoscopy, Recurrent, Prolonged, Well-being","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126273992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Anemia among the Patients Presented with Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Farhan Memon Lal Chand, Rameez Ahmed, Aijaz Ali, Vashu Mal, G. R. Memon","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs221610311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610311","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia among the patients presented with myocardial infarction (MI) at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Adult Cardiology Department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi from February 2022 to July 2022. Methodology: A total of 253 patients diagnosed with MI were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Hemoglobin level was obtained at the time of admission. Results: In a total of 253 patients, the mean age was 54.36±8.21 years. There were 187 (73.9%) male and 66 (26.1%) female. Frequency of anemia among the patients presented with myocardial infarction was found to be in 72 (28.5%). Frequency of anemia among patients presenting with MI was noted. Practical Implications: Anemia in myocardial infarction patients has affected the patency of vessel so this single most essentially and easily treatable component should be corrected in these patients.. Conclusion: High prevalence of anemia in patients presenting with MI was noted. Keywords: Anemia, hemoglobin, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction","PeriodicalId":296492,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134482367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}