Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University最新文献

{"title":"Biochemical Mechanisms and Methodologies Applied to the Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)","authors":"D. Persike, S. Al-Kass","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"PTSD has been considered as a syndrome with multiple faces due to the complexity of its pathophysiology. There is a need to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms involved in the disease in order to improve its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Believing that the university has the responsibility to help the community, and hoping for the development of research devoted to this matter, the purpose of the present study was to present a brief review about the main biochemical mechanisms involved in PTSD and the methodologies applied to assess the disease. The review was done based on recent literature. According to the studies PTSD presents pre-exposure vulnerability factors, besides trauma-induced alterations. The disease was found associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamus-pituitarythyroid axis dysfunctions. Alterations of sympathetic nervous system activity play a role in PTSD by releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine. The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex amplifies the SNS response, reducing it later through negative feedback mechanisms. This response leads to a decreased level of cortisol in patients with PTSD. The negative feedback contributes to neuroendocrine alterations, promoting structural brain changes that culminate in PTSD. Abnormal levels of serotonin and dopamine have been found in the disease. Mechanisms such as the induction of neuroinflammation and alterations of mitochondrial energy handling were also associated with PTSD. Controversies can be found regarding to which biomarkers would be possible for the disease. Therefore, there is a need for studies in order to find biomarkers for PTSD.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Challenges of Women of Martyr Families in Erbil City","authors":"H. Ahmed","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: During the last 100 years ago Iraq generally and Kurdistan region particularly underwent wars which led to the loss of men from families. Nowadays in Kurdistan region, there are 20000 martyrs families. This study aimed to identify women’s satisfaction and expectations about health services provided in Medical Center of Martyr families in Erbil city. Methods: A qualitative design, based on a thematic analysis approach was conducted on 34 women who met the inclusion criteria of the study which was either mother, daughter, wife or sister of martyr and attended Medical Center of Martyr Families in Erbil city during Jan to Aug 2018. Non-probability, convenient sampling was used for selecting them and they were interviewed in four focus groups. Results: Four main categories could be extracted as a result of the conducted analysis: 1) Unsatisfied with services, 2) Economical factors, 3) Being forgotten by government and society and 4) Respectful health care providers' behavior. Conclusions: The women of martyr families were not satisfied with the health services of the center and they had expected more from government to respect them and provide their emotional, social, economic and physical needs.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of women after genocide among Barzanian families in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Paywand Naqishbandi, M. Karim","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Genocide of Barzani people in 1983 led to the disappearance and death of 8000 Barzani males. After the genocide, Barzani women played an important active role which has been ignored by almost all research studies. The present study was an investigation into Barzani women’s lived experiences in order to figure out their role after the genocide of Barzani people. Methods: The present investigation was a qualitative investigation which was carried out by inductive content analysis method. The required data were obtained through in-depth semistructured interviews with 10 Barzani women who had survived the Barzani genocide. Finally, analyzing the collected data through inductive content analysis method led to the extraction of the main themes and subthemes. Results: The data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes namely, \"making enormous efforts,\" \"raising the children well,\" and \"creating the family's future\" which proved that Barzani women played a significant active role during and after the Barzani genocide. Conclusion: Barzani families, especially their women, have been through a large number of problems and challenges and consequent mental and physical harms as a result of losing their spouses and sons to the Barzani genocide; therefore, they need special assistance particularly from nurses and medical personnel in hospitals.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121510080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documentation of Kurdish Genocide and Common Diseases Occurred among Victims after Genocide: Retrospective Study","authors":"K. Aziz, Jawdat Alhajbaker, S. Ali, Yousif Gardi","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Genocide means the destruction of the basic life of innocent people. After the division, the Kurdish people have not enjoyed any freedom or even a low level of minority rights; ethnic cleansing and genocide. The southern part of Kurdistan, like other areas of Kurdistan, faced under the ongoing oppression, ethnic cleansing and other genocide. The ethnic cleansing policy increased after the Arab nationalist Baathists took power in 1968. The objectives of the study are to identify data about Kurdish genocide from different resources and historical documentation. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Erbil governorate. Data was collected from different resources with the support ministry of Anfal and martyrs in the Kurdistan Region from 1 Jun to 1 September 2018. The approval was taken from an ethical and scientific committee in the college of nursing, and permission was taken from a ministry of Anfal and martyrs in Erbil. The data were analyzed using different methods of statistical analysis. Results: The Kurdish genocide was begun in early times and especially from 1968 to 1988. Chemical bombardment according to governorate included (Erbil 17.68%, Sulaymaniyah 42.77%, Duhok 7.13%, Kirkuk 22.37%, and others 10.27%). The Anfal campaign included (Erbil 16.35%, Sulaymaniyah 30.74%, Duhok 6.59%, and others 10.3%). Other results indicated that there was Kurdish genocide according to (ethnic, religion, sex, age, and family members) and the Anfal campaign had been done in 8 phases in (23-02-1988 to 6-09-1988). There was Yazidi genocide by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria in 2014. Conclusion: All documents that we have been used in the study revealed that the Kurdish genocide had begun in early times as in 1952, 1961 and especially after the Arab nationalist Baathists took power in 1968. Continue to 1988 and over as Yazidi genocide by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2014. Kurdish genocide was done in different military Campaign in Kurdistan.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"78 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113970323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Skin, Neurological and Ophthalmological Complications of Chemical Weapons in Peshmargas","authors":"Dindar S. Qurtas, A. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, B. Saleem","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122134885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived Experience of the Activists of Barzani Genocide: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"M. Karim, T. Piro, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Barzani genocide that occurred in 1983 led to death of 8,000 Barzani men. Since then, there have been numerous attempts by different activists to archive the events, make the crisis know worldwide, and help the survivors. The present study was a qualitative investigation into the Barzani genocide activists lived experience in order to come up with deeper understanding of their attempts and probable future measures to help survivors overcome their sorrow and finally prevent similar crises from happening in the future. Method: Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method through Van Manen’s method, the transcripts of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine activists of Barzani genocide were analyzed. The interviews were carried out at the activists’ home. Results: Analyzing the interviews led to emergence of three main themes which were “Attempting to introduce Barzani genocide to international community”, “Archiving the event”, and “Alleviating the genocide survivors’ grief”. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the activists’ attempts have been successful in introducing Barzani genocide worldwide, archiving the events involved with and leading to the crisis, and alleviating the survivors’ grief.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127112727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Investigation of Two Christian and Muslim Mass Graves Skeletal Remains in Sorya-Duhok governorate- Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"Yasin K. Amin, G. Othman","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"1 Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. 2 Department of Medical Lab. Technology, Health Technical College, Erbil, Iraq. * Correspondence: dr_yka@yahoo.com Introduction Throughout modern history, Christians have been geographically dispersed, with large numbers in cities across Iraq. In 1961 there were one million Christians in northern Iraq. However, by 1979, 50% of Christians were living in Baghdad, making up 14% of the capital's population. Under the Ba'ath regime's Arabisation policies, the community was required to identify as either Arab or Kurd in the 1977 census. Now, the largely reduced Christian population remains in Baghdad, Basra, Kirkuk, the Nineveh Plains, as well as the Erbil and Duhok governorates in the Kurdistan regional government. The last Iraqi census, in 1987, counted 1.4 million Christians, but the economic sanctions during the 1990s led to their migration abroad. Before starting the Gulf War between Iraq and Coalition forces in 1991, they were estimated at about one million. By the time of the US-led invasion in 2003, that figure fell to about 800,000. Then the numbers are thought to have fallen dramatically after attacking them by different groups of terrorist especially in Nineveh. The identification of mass graves skeletal remains and anthropological evaluation considered as the most important step toward documenting human rights violations which lead to giving back to families the remaining skeleton of victims, which are considered, until exhumed, as lost or disappeared. The mass graves in Iraq are Background and objective: This study aimed to investigate two mass graves located in Sorya village, Duhok governorate-Iraqi Kurdistan region. Methods: The investigation included excavation of the graves and identification of the victims. The field study was started after taking testimonies and witnesses for locating the site of graves. Two sites were described (Site 001 and site 002), which were excavated according to the scientific standard procedures. Sex determination, age, and stature estimation were performed on the remained skeletons in the medico-legal institute-Erbil laboratory. Results: Site 001 included 14 bodies, two of them were males and five were females, whereas the others were not identified because of degradations happens to the bones. Site 002 included 25 bodies, which were Christians according to witnesses and supported by evidence. Four victims appeared to be males, 14 were females, and 7 could not be identified. The results of age estimation reported that the number of young bodies in site 001 was five bodies, which represent 35.7% of them all, while 13 out of 25 were young bodies in site 002, which produced 52% of all victims. All the remained bones were recorded in detail for more documentation. Conclusion: This finding described the exhumation and anthropological evaluation of two mass graves in Sorya– Duhok governorate Iraqi Kurdistan region. The majority of the victims were","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129380666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic study among chemical bombardment survivors in Shekh Wasan and Balisan valley Kurdistan Region-Iraq","authors":"S. Mohammed, Hazha Hedayat","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed randomly on 40 individuals selected within a specific period, between January 2014 to October 2014 in order to a certain whether or not a sample of chemical weapons used on Shekh Wasan & Balisan valley in 16 April 1987, have incurred genetic damage. The following results were obtained: \u0000The chromosomal aberration is a very sensitive and widely applied assay used as a bio indicator of genetic damage induced by an environmental agent or clastogen. In current study a group of (40) chemical bombardment survivors there were (15) individuals have different types of chromosome aberrations, including (ring chromosome %52.5, dicentric chromosome %30, chromosome break with fragment %57.5, chromatid interchange (quadriradial) %27.5, chromatid interchange (triradial) %27.5.","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"470 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131579745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"حكم الإبادة الجماعية في الشريعة الاسلامية و الديانات الأخرى القومية الكردية أنموذجاً","authors":"Y. Kareem","doi":"10.15218/HMU.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/HMU.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131251330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Biochemical and Hematological Follow up of Peshmergas Exposed to Chemical Weapon","authors":"Y. Karim, M. Qader, Ahmad Mikaail, G. Othman","doi":"10.15218/hmu.04.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/hmu.04.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296460,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Hawler Medical University","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115537958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}