The Open Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of RNA Editing in Chloroplast","authors":"Wei Tang","doi":"10.2174/1874070701812010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701812010016","url":null,"abstract":"RNA editing is an important process involved in the modification of nucleotides in the transcripts of a large number of functional genes. RNA editing results in the restoration of conserved amino acid residues for protein function in plants. In this review, I only describe and discuss the identified RNA editing and the RNA editing associated regulation in chloroplast, including cytidine-to-uridine editing, adenosine-to-inosine editing, and regulation of RNA editing in model plants, crop plants, woody plants, and medical plants. Information described in this review could be valuable in future investigation of molecular mechanisms that determine the specificity of the RNA editing process.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114416140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilization of Cholesterol Oxidase: An Overview","authors":"Shubhrima Ghosh, Razi Ahmad, S. Khare","doi":"10.2174/2213529404666180222114609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2213529404666180222114609","url":null,"abstract":"Cholesterol oxidases are bacterial oxidases widely used commercially for their application in the detection of cholesterol in blood serum, clinical or food samples. Additionally, these enzymes find potential applications as an insecticide, synthesis of anti-fungal antibiotics and a biocatalyst to transform a number of sterol and non-sterol compounds. However, the soluble form of cholesterol oxidases are found to be less stable when applied at higher temperatures, broader pH range, and incur higher costs. These disadvantages can be overcome by immobilization on carrier matrices.This review focuses on the immobilization of cholesterol oxidases on various macro/micro matrices as well as nanoparticles and their potential applications. Selection of appropriate support matrix in enzyme immobilization is of extreme importance. Recently, nanomaterials have been used as a matrix for immobilization of enzyme due to their large surface area and small size. The bio-compatible length scales and surface chemistry of nanoparticles provide reusability, stability and enhanced performance characteristics for the enzyme-nanoconjugates.In this review, immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on nanomaterials and other matrices are discussed. Immobilization on nanomatrices has been observed to increase the stability and activity of enzymes. This enhances the applicability of cholesterol oxidases for various industrial and clinical applications such as in biosensors.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Fabricated by Two Different Methods and Coated on Tetron Fabric","authors":"Ebrahim Zohourvahid Karimi, M. Ansari","doi":"10.2174/1874070701812010166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701812010166","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have wide applications in various industries, especially they have been known for their antibacterial effects in polymers and textile fibers. ZnO NPs were produced by two different solutions and milling methods. Different techniques were used in order to select the most effective methods for coating the fabric with ZnO NPs. The microstructures and the composition of the ZnO NPs were investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the treated fabric against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria was investigated. The overall experimental findings show that the highest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus in the sample of fabric which covered with ZnO NPs synthesized by the solution method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the solution method, ZnO NPs were synthesized by dissolving zinc chloride in 1, 2 Ethanediol and mixing with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. In milling method, firstly, zinc sulfide nanoparticles were prepared through reaction between zinc acetate and Thioacetamide and then by milling and oxidation the zinc sulfide nanoparticles, ZnO NPs were synthesized. In order to deposition ZnO NPs on the Tetron fabric, it was fully drawn and fixed on a frame. After that, acrylic copolymer resin was added into distilled water and ZnO NPs were added in another beaker to ethanol. The two beakers were then placed in the ultrasonic bath for a certain time. Finally, the fabric was dipped into the beaker containing resin for some moment and then immersed into the beaker containing ZnO NPs. During these processes, both beakers were in the ultrasonic bath. After drawing out the fabric from second beaker, it was dried in air. This procedure was performed for both types of ZnO NPs fabricated by two mentioned methods. Antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs coated on the fabric against two types of bacteria was studied by agar diffusion method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 XRD patterns of synthesized powders from both methods were identified as ZnO NPs. Sharp diffraction peaks indicate good crystallinity of ZnO NPs. The morphology of the ZnO NPs fabricated by both methods which was analyzed by field emission SEM shows that the ZnO particles synthesized by milling and solution methods are in nano scale at the range of 26 - 29 nm and 9 - 11 nm, respectively. The highest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus was shown for the fabric which coated by ZnO NPs produced by the solution method. It was seen, the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs fabricated by solution method was higher than that of milling method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ZnO NPs were synthesized by two different methods and the antibacterial activity of Tetron fabric coated with ZnO NPs was studied. Distribution and stability of ZnO NPs on the fabric depend on fabrication method and particle size which means that the smaller p","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"428 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126078929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulolytic Activities of the Dung Beetle, Euoniticellus Intermedius, Larva Gut Micro-Flora","authors":"Munamato Mabhegedhe","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010105","url":null,"abstract":"Received: August 07, 2017 Revised: October 31, 2017 Accepted: November 14, 2017 Abstract: Background: The life style and biology of dung beetles offer a significant opportunity for innovation in biofuel production. The larvae of the African dung beetle, Euoniticellus intermedius, feed solely on cow dung, eating and digesting the fibre while adults live on juices found in fresh dung. The larval gut system consists of a small, almost unrecognizable foregut and two distinct chambers; the midgut and hindgut. It is clear that these two chambers are the centres in which the dung material whose composition includes cellulose is processed. The goal of this study was to assess the cellulolytic activities of cultured gut micro-flora derived from E. intermedius, (Coleoptera: Scarabaeida).","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129829479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria involved in the production of Beninese fermented food degue","authors":"A. Angelov, G. Petrova, Angel D. Angelov, P. Stefanova, I. Y. Bokossa, C. Tchekessi, M. Marco, V. Gotcheva","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010094","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Angelov, AI; Petrova, G; Angelov, AD; Stefanova, P; Bokossa, IY; Tchekessi, CKC; Marco, ML; Gotcheva, V | Abstract: © 2017 Bentham Open. Background: Traditional Beninese fermented food Degue is widely consumed in Benin and other countries in West Africa. It was originally made from milk and millet flour, but currently other cereals are used as well. Nowadays, Degue production occurs by spontaneous fermentation in individual households and information about the microorganisms involved is currently limited. Objective: The microbiota of Degue from Benin has not been studied so far, but its growing production in the country sets a demand for revealing the biodiversity of the microbial population involved in the fermentation process in order to take future steps for development of industrial technology and offer products with improved quality and safety. Method: In the present study, yeast and lactic acid bacteria from raw materials for Degue production and from several Degue products were isolated and identified by molecular methods including RFLP and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene sequence analysis in yeasts, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in lactic acid bacteria. Results: Lactic acid bacteria isolates were assigned to eight species within the genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Weisella. Four species of yeasts were found in Degue: Cyberlyndnera fabianii, Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Meyerozyma caribbica. Conclusion: The microbial population revealed is unique to Beninese Degue and needs further characterization for development of defined starter cultures.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124073908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Easy Method for Screening and Detection of Laccase Activity","authors":"A. Dias, A. Matos, I. Fraga, A. Sampaio, Rui M. F. Bezerra","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121510121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the addition of sodium chloride to a tetrameric protein in water solution during exposure to high frequency electromagnetic field","authors":"E. Calabrò, S. Magazù","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010072","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous studies have shown that exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields induces alterations in simple organic systems such as proteins in bidistilled water solution. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the shielding action of sodium chloride in bidistilled water solution against exposure to a high frequency electromagnetic field, in order to evaluate if the addition of NaCl in proteins aqueous solution can be considered a valuable bioprotector against electromagnetic fields. Method: Samples of 250 μl of different hemoglobin aqueous solutions, in the absence or presence of sodium-chloride, were exposed for 3 hours to an electromagnetic field at 1750 MHz at a power density around 1 W/m 2 emitted by an operational mobile phone. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to study the effects of exposure on the secondary structure of hemoglobin also in the presence of sodium-chloride. Results: Spectral analysis evidenced that significant increase in intensity of the Amide I and II vibration bands in hemoglobin bidistilled water solution occurred after exposure to the electromagnetic field. This result can be due to the increase of dipole moment of the protein due to the alignment of α-helix towards the direction of the field. In contrast, no appreciable change was observed in hemoglobin in sodium-chloride water solution after exposure. This protective effect of sodium-chloride can be explained by the orientation of water molecules due to the strong electric field around each ion that reduces the possibility of rotation of the protein in response to an applied electromagnetic field.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129159721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MUTAGENIC POTENTIALS OF POTABLE WATER FROM GROUND SOURCES","authors":"O. Agwa, N. Eze, G. Okpokwasili","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010081","url":null,"abstract":"Method: Four different types of samples were collected from four water treatment factories within Port Harcourt metropolis: raw water from borehole (1), water after sand and granular activated carbon filtration (2), water after reverse osmosis (3), and water after Ozone and UV treatment (4). These samples were subjected to mutagenicity test using two mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 100 and TA 98) without S9 activation enzyme.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122965042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomethanization of the Mixture of Cattle Manure, Pig Manure and Poultry Manure in Co-Digestion with Waste Peels of Pineapple Fruit and Content of Chicken-Gizzard - Part II: Optimization of Process Variables","authors":"O. A. Aworanti, S. Agarry, O. Ogunleye","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010054","url":null,"abstract":"RESEARCH ARTICLE Biomethanization of the Mixture of Cattle Manure, Pig Manure and Poultry Manure in Co-Digestion with Waste Peels of Pineapple Fruit and Content of Chicken-Gizzard Part II: Optimization of Process Variables O. A. Aworanti, S. E. Agarry and O. O. Ogunleye Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delta State University, Oleh Campus, Abraka, P.M.B. 22, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133347433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomethanization of Cattle Manure, Pig Manure and Poultry Manure Mixture in Co-digestion with Waste of Pineapple Fruit and Content of Chicken-Gizzard- Part I: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modelling Studies","authors":"O. A. Aworanti, S. Agarry, O. Ogunleye","doi":"10.2174/1874070701711010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010036","url":null,"abstract":"This work focused on the investigation and evaluation of the single or individual effects of feed-inoculum ratio, temperature, and agitation speed (i.e. operating variables) on biomethanization of the mixture of cattle manure, pig manure and poultry manure (mixed animal wastes) co-digested with pineapple fruit waste and content of chicken-gizzard (inoculum) as well as to model the kinetics of biomethanization at these different operating variables and to determine the thermodynamic properties of the biomethanization process.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122677795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}