East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, growth and characterization of magnesium chloride doped L-alanine cadmium chloride single crystal: For nonlinear optical application","authors":"Dessale Alemu, Idris Shafi, Tizazu Abza","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i2.6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i2.6s","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to synthesize and characterize pure and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) doped L–alanine cadmium chloride (LACC) single crystals. Pure and MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals were synthesized by solution method with slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of pure, 1 and 2 mol% MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals revealed monoclinic crystal structure with C2 space group. The optical properties of pure and MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals investigated by UV–VIS/NIR spectrometer confirmed that the crystals were transparent in the wavelength range of 230-1100 nm. The optical band gap energy of pure and doped LACC single crystals were found to have the same value of 5.4 eV. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the incorporation of magnesium and chlorine atoms in LACC single crystal. The second harmonic generation efficiency of 1 and 2 mol% MgCl2 doped LACC crystals were analyzed by Kurtz-Perry powder technique and found to be 1.75 and 2 times greater than that of the standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal, respectively.","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127580066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing COVID-19 Verified, Recuperate and Death Cases in Ethiopia Using ARIMA Models","authors":"Birhanu Betela Warssamo","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.6s","url":null,"abstract":"Applying a successful prediction of the confirmed, recovered and deaths is thought to be the basic requirement to successfully control the spreading rate of diseases. Time series models have extensively been considered as the suitable methods to forecast the confirmed, recovered and deaths because of the virus. The aim of this research is to apply the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling approach for projectingCOVID-19 confirmed, recovered and deaths cases in Ethiopia. Over strict follows of all phases of Box-Jenkins strategy, ARIMA (1,1,1), ARIMA (16,1,2), and ARIMA (0,1,1)models for confirmed case, recovered and death case, respectively were selected as the best models for predicting coronavirus cases of Ethiopia. Using these models, a forecast of five-month a heads future situation of COVID-19 confirmed case, recovered and death case (Jan 3, 2021 to May 3, 2021) has been made. The results showed that in the coming five months from Jan 3, 2020 to May 3, 2021, the number of COVID-19 confirmed, recovered and deaths cases in Ethiopia may reach up to 320,597; 168,912 and 4438, respectively. Generally, the size of the coronavirus distribution was increased from time to time in the past ten months, until 3rd Jan, 2021, and it is expected to continue quicker than before for the coming 5-months, until the end of May, 2021, in Ethiopia and more rapidly than before while the peak will remain unknown yet. Therefore, effective implementation of the preventive measures and a rigorous compliance by avoiding negligence with the rules such as prohibiting public gatherings, travel restrictions, personal protection measures, and social distancing may improve the spreading rates of the virus. Further, through updating more new data with a continuous reconsideration of predictive model provide useful and more precise prediction","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"s3-36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130159836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of vegetation in Murchison falls national park five years after the completion of oil and gas exploration","authors":"Hindrah Akisiimire, W. Tinzaara, Keneth Tumwebaze, Charles K.Twesigye","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.5s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.5s","url":null,"abstract":"Uganda discovered petroleum deposits in commercially viable quantities in 2006. Most areas such as Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP) where petroleum has been discovered overlap with wildlife and nature conservation with high biodiversity and sensitive ecosystems. This study sought to study the vegetation frequency index, relative abundance and diversity in former oil pads five years after the completion of oil and gas exploration in MFNP. We counted all observed plant species following a systematic random sampling technique using a (1mx1m) quadrat for herbs, (5mx5m) quadrat for shrubs, and (10mx10m) quadrat for trees. Data was collected using a 60m line transect to record the identified plant species. The study used a total of eight quadrats per transect and the total number of transects were 32. A quadrat was placed every after 7m along the line transect in and outside the oil pads. Each transect begun from the center (placard) of the oil pad going in directions of center to north, center to south, center to east, and center to west. This was carried out for purposes of replication and the same procedure was carried out for the control area. The same procedure was conducted at a frequency of wet (4th-30th April 2019) and dry (1st-30th June 2019) seasons. The counted data was later transformed and analyzed using t-statistical tests and chi- square tests in SPSS version 20 software. The study recorded uniform and non-uniform plant species and the mean vegetation diversity of 1.9±0.06 in oil pads and 1.71±0.12 in control areas. The study identified 31 different plant species, and among these, seven plant species were recorded in oil pads, eight in control areas. The results of vegetation relative abundance and diversity between oil pads and control areas were generally similar. However, the study observed some plant species such as Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) in control areas that were completely absent in oil pads. Further studies focusing on edaphic assessments, soil chemical, and biological analysis to better understand the impacts of oil exploration in the protected area are recommended.","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114012036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calves gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy farms, southern Ethiopia","authors":"Maireg Hailu, K. Asmare, Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin, V. Di Marco Lo Presti, M. Vitale, D. Sheferaw","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.1s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.1s","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy production is an important component of livestock farming in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the productivity of the sector has been impacted negatively by the morbidity and mortality of replacement animals. A Cross-sectional study was, therefore, aimed at estimating the prevalence of Nematode and Eimeria infection in calves in Hawassa, Shashemene and Arsi Negelle, southern Ethiopia. To this end, a flotation technique was used to recover Nematode egg and Eimeria oocyst from rectally collected faeces. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection, Nematode and Eimeria species collectively, was 43.9% (95% CI=38.6-49.4). The estimated proportion of Nematode, Eimeria and mixed infection was 35.8%, 21.5% and 13.3%, respectively. Among the potential factors considered faecal consistency, age and study area were found to increase recovery of Nematode egg and Eimeria oocyst in faeces (p< 0.05). Area wise, the prevalence has been noted to be higher at Arsi Negelle followed by Hawassa and Shashemene (p< 0.05). Besides, younger and diarrheic calves were found more infected by Nematode and Eimeria species than their adult and non-diarrheic counterpart. Based on their morphological appearance, Strongyle type (20.3%), Trichuris (4.2%) and Ascaris (16.3%) eggs, Eimeria oocysts (21.5%) were observed. In the light of this finding, the authors would like to advise the need for strategic intervention.","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132284733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide Hazard Assessment and Zonation by using Slope Susceptibility Evaluation Parameter (SSEP) Rating Scheme- a Case from Debre Sina, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Tamene Tadele","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.4s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.4s","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall-induced landslides of different types and sizes frequently affect the hilly and mountainous terrains of the highlands of Ethiopia. The principal objective of the proposed research study was intended to prepare a landslide hazard zonation map of the area, particularly for hazardous zones. In the present study, the Slope Susceptibility Evaluation Parameter rating scheme has been implemented as a relevant approach to map the landslide hazard of the Debresina area, which has experienced slope failure problems for a long period of time. The geology of the area includes quaternary sediments, ignimbrite, rhyolite, different kinds of basalts, and tuff deposits, which are highly weathered and changed into unconsolidated sediments at some localities. Locally observed geological structures such as joints, dykes, and other discontinuities have a considerable role in the initiation of landslide hazards. As a general methodology, a facet map was prepared from a topographic map (1:50,000) and rating values were assigned to each causative parameter (both intrinsic and external) based on its severity in triggering landslide hazard. The study area was classified into three hazard classes, of which 25 % of the slopes fall into a moderate hazard zone, while 58 % and 17 %were found to be high and very high hazard zones, respectively. Validation of the landslide hazard zonation map with past landslide activities suggests the rationality of the considered governing parameters, the adopted technique, tools, and procedures in developing the study area's landslide hazard map. Further, in order to validate the landslide hazard map prepared during the present study, active landslide activities and potential instability areas, delineated through inventory mapping, were overlaid on it, which yielded promising results. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116587990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of twelve-week aerobic exercise on selected health-related physical fitness variables on Gonji preparatory school male students","authors":"Abdurahman Esleman, Bizuneh Yirga Geberemariam, W. Aychiluhim","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.2s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.2s","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of twelve-week aerobic exercise on health-related physical fitness components of grade eleven Gonjy preparatory school male students. The study employed an experimental research design. A simple random sampling method was used to select 30 sample students from the 242 total populations and classify them randomly into two equal experimental and control groups (n = 15). The Control group had participated in regular physical education one class of  40-minute per week in the school, but the experimental group participated additional three sessions per week for 60 minutes aerobic exercise training program, which comprised walking, jogging, running, rope skipping, and aerobic dance. Experimental and control groups had taken pre and post-test cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility measured using cooper test, three-minute step test, using body mass index formula, siting tuck, chin up and sit & reach test respectively. The data collected from the study groups were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23 software and computed independent t-test and paired t-test and the level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. The results revealed in independent and paired t-test analysis of 12-week aerobic exercise training has significantly changed on cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.001), muscular endurance (p=0.001) flexibility (independent p=0.04 paired p=0.02), and body mass index (p=0.001). But no significant change was observed on muscular strength in experimental and control groups of independent t-test (p=0.534 and p=0.41) and paired t-test (p=0.43 and p=0.33). Based on the finding, it was concluded that the 12 weeks aerobic exercise training program for three days per week schedule has been advantageous for the improvement of students’ health-related physical fitness variables.  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"39 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133937320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infestation of Ixodidae Ticks in Cattle: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Ambo District, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Addis Kassahun Gebremeskel, Berhanu Mekibib, Bekele Dabesa","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.3s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i1.3s","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, ticks cause serious economic loss particularly in ruminants. A cross sectional study was conducted in Ambo district, Western Ethiopia from October, 2018 to June, 2019 with the objectives of determining the prevalence, identifying the associated risk factors and the tick species of cattle in the area. From five purposively selected kebeles (the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia) of the district, a total of 384 cattle were selected by systematic random sampling method. Adult Ixodid ticks were collected from different body parts of infested cattle, preserved in 10% formalin and transported to Ambo University Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory for stereomicroscopic identification to species level. Among 384 cattle examined, 201 (52.34%) cattle were infested with one or two tick species. A higher prevalence of tick infestation was recorded in Degele Gatira kebele (53.25%), followed by Abebe Doyo (50.65%), Gosu Kora (50.65%), Kisose Liban (50.65%), and Senkele Faris (56.59%). The study investigated three genera of Ixodid ticks namely Rhipicephalus (41.7%), Boophilus (0.8%) and Amblyomma (2.60%). Mixed infestations were common including Rh. Boophilus and Amblyomma 24(6.25%) and Rh. Boophilus and Rhipicephalus 4(1.04%). The study identified four species of ticks; namely Rh. (Bo.) decoloratus 109 (28.40%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus 43(11.20%), Amblyomma vareigatum 3(0.80%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 11(2.90%). The difference in tick infestation was found to be statistically insignificant (P >0.05) between different age groups and kebeles but statistically significant (P <0.05) among sex groups, breeds, and different body condition scores (P <0.05). In conclusion, this study indicated a high prevalence of tick infestation and identified the most important ticks that can transmit various livestock diseases. A proper tick eradication campaign should be conducted to reduce the tick burden in the study area, and concomitantly reduce tick-borne diseases and associated economic losses.","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124974733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliography of Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture in Ethiopia","authors":"G. Tilahun, Natarajan Pavanasam, A. Getahun, T. Teame","doi":"10.4314/eajbcs.vi.7s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.vi.7s","url":null,"abstract":"This Bibliography of Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture is prepared with the intention of providing the opportunity for different users to easily search for references that concentrate on Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries, and Aquaculture   (ASFA).  It is a collection of both grey literatures and scientific articles published in scientific journals. The grey pieces of literature include papers presented in conferences, symposia, and workshops, Ph.D. dissertations and MSc theses of various national and international universities submitted as an academic requirement for graduation. It should be noted that there are many more monographs of these types that could be found mainly in different universities in Ethiopia. The scientific papers published in Journals and included in this bibliography should be checked for reputability. As the bibliography contains grey literatures and published papers it can serve as a source of relevant information and data useful for metaanalysis on key topics/issues of ASFA.  It will also help the scientific community to enhance their teaching, research and extension activities. Moreover, the long list of references included in the bibliography shows the immense contribution of prominent researchers that promoted, not only their carrier but their profession in the aforementioned three specialized fields. Since the Bibliography is a collection of research reports taken from different sources, there may be a lack of consistency while writing the references. For instance, Ethiopian authors include full father name while writing most of the references, however, abbreviated father name is included whenever the original paper does not have full father name. Finally, it should be noted that this bibliography on ASFA is brought out for the first time in Ethiopia, and we are confident that it will be updated in due course through contributions and feedback from researchers in the field.","PeriodicalId":294884,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132729288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}