Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines最新文献

A World of Wonders: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2 Families 世界的奇迹:白细胞介素-1 (IL-1)和IL-2家族

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.98664

M. Gajdács, H. García-Perdomo, M. Sarshar, Daniela Scribano, C. Ambrosi, P. Behzadi

引用次数: 1

Interleukin 6 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿关节炎患者白细胞介素6的研究

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96887

Yogita Sharma, Neeraj Kumar, Devyani Thakur

{"title":"Interleukin 6 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Yogita Sharma, Neeraj Kumar, Devyani Thakur","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96887","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid Arthritis is a widespread disease causing varying degrees of disability. It is characterised by flares and remissions and since ancient times, every culture has tried to get the better of it. Even now, research is aimed at finding novel serum biomarkers as surrogates for disease activity and newer targets to sharpen therapy. One such target is IL-6.It mediates neutrophil migration, osteoclast maturation and pannus formation through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation causing synovitis and joint destruction.IL-6 leads to various systemic manifestations like hepcidin production causing anemia hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation causing fatigue and mood changes and osteoclast activation causes osteoporosis while increase in acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP). The literature we reviewed and our research, enrolling 40 patients of RA as well describes the role of IL-6 in pathogenesis and various manifestations of RA including articular, extra-articular and other comorbid states. It supports that Serum IL-6 levels correlate with disease activity (DAS-28ESR and BRAF-MDQ) and that IL-6 remains a viable target for drug therapy.","PeriodicalId":294729,"journal":{"name":"Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116295278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

IL-17 Biological Effects and Signaling Mechanisms in Human Leukemia U937 Cells IL-17在人白血病U937细胞中的生物学效应及信号传导机制

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96422

S. Adunyah, R. Akomeah, F. Arthur, R. S. Cooper, Joshua Williams

{"title":"IL-17 Biological Effects and Signaling Mechanisms in Human Leukemia U937 Cells","authors":"S. Adunyah, R. Akomeah, F. Arthur, R. S. Cooper, Joshua Williams","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96422","url":null,"abstract":"Human Interlekin-17 is produced by memory activated CD4+ T cells and other cells. It was initially considered unique in that its specific receptor is distinct from other cytokine receptors. IL-17 receptor is ubiquitously expressed by different cells including T cells. IL-17 plays a role in regulating growth, immune response and pro-inflammatory responses. It regulates differentiation of a subset of Th0 cells into Th-17 cells, which produce IL-17-induced cytokines. The IL-17R belongs to type 1 cytokine receptors. IL-17 belongs to a superfamily of its own, which includes IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17E and IL-17F. These members of IL-17 superfamily have some sequence homology but bind to different receptors. Prior to this investigation, limited information existed on the effects of IL-17A in human leukemia cell lines. Our results show that IL-17A promotes growth, anti-apoptotic effects, chemotaxis, cytokine expression and transcriptional factor activation in leukemia cells. IL-17A activates multiple signaling pathways including PI-3 K, Jak–STAT, Raf-ERK1/2 and SRC kinase pathways, which mediate different biological effects of IL-17A in leukemia cells. Our findings implicate IL-17A in leukemia cell growth and survival, supporting potential leukemia therapy via development of anti-IL-17A drugs. This chapter focuses on IL-17A, herein referred to as IL-17.","PeriodicalId":294729,"journal":{"name":"Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117112092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Pregnancy Loss to COVID 19 Cytokine Storm: A Matter of Inflammation and Coagulation 从妊娠流产到COVID - 19细胞因子风暴:炎症和凝血的问题

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96884

F. Vesce

{"title":"From Pregnancy Loss to COVID 19 Cytokine Storm: A Matter of Inflammation and Coagulation","authors":"F. Vesce","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96884","url":null,"abstract":"Large scientific evidence achieved during the second half of the past century points to a leading role of inflammation in the pathogenic mechanism of the main pregnancy complications, such as abortion, pregnancy loss, premature delivery, infection, fetal encephalopathy, enterocolitis, pulmonary hyaline membrane diseases and death. Thinking about pregnancy inflammation, one must refer today to the umbalance of the normal mediators of organic functions: cytokins, peptides, nucleosides, prostanoids. Indeed, according to the order and quantity of their release, they are involved either in physiology or in pathology of pregnancy. At this regard, it has been shown that Th1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy. Regulation of the mediators of maternal functions is largely under fetal genetic control. Assessment of the fetal role derives from studies showing an umbalance of cytokines and plasminogen activator system, an increase of endothelin, a downregulation of adenosine receptors, in the fetal compartment, in aneuploid pregnancies. The resulting functional deviations deal with inflammation, imfection, coagulation, impaired utero-placental perfusion, possibly leading to fetal demise and ominus maternal complications. SARS-COV-2 infection, on the other hand, is characterized by a similar umbalance of the inflammatory mediators, leading to hyperactivation of a type-1 lymphobyte T-helper response, which ends in a possibly fatal cytokine storm syndrome. While SARS-COV-2 infection recognizes a viral etiology, the cause of pregnancy inflammation must be recognized in the inability of the fetus to control the maternal immune response. Therefore, the preventive measures are quite different, although both benefit of a similar anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and anti-coagulant therapy.","PeriodicalId":294729,"journal":{"name":"Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131032071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Therapeutic Potential of IL-9 in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases IL-9在过敏性和自身免疫性疾病中的治疗潜力

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96266

Ahmed Ummey Khalecha Bintha, Amani Souwelimatou Amadou, Mursalin Md Huzzatul, Muhammad Fauziyya

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary Conservation of the Role of CD4 as a Receptor for Interleukin-16 CD4作为白细胞介素-16受体作用的进化保护

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96951

Gregory D. Maniero

引用次数: 0

The Role of Interleukins after Spinal Cord Injury 白细胞介素在脊髓损伤后的作用

Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96293

Daniel J Hellenbrand, Rylie M. Roddick, Sophia M. Mauney, Ryan T. Elder, Carolyn N. Morehouse, Amgad S. Hanna

{"title":"The Role of Interleukins after Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"Daniel J Hellenbrand, Rylie M. Roddick, Sophia M. Mauney, Ryan T. Elder, Carolyn N. Morehouse, Amgad S. Hanna","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.96293","url":null,"abstract":"In skin wound healing the injured tissue goes through a normal progression, inflammation subsides and remodeling occurs. However after spinal cord injury inflammation persists and there is less progression into a regenerative/rebuilding phase. This inflammatory process after spinal cord injury is orchestrated by many cell types and numerous cytokines. Although there are several positive effects of inflammation after spinal cord injury, such as the removal of debris, the substantial upregulation of immune cells has been shown to contribute to neural degeneration. Several chemokines and cytokines including many interleukins are involved in guiding these immune cells to the lesion. While there are many inflammatory cytokines acting on these immune cells after SCI, there are also several anti-inflammatory interleukins that have shown beneficial effects in reducing inflammation. After SCI in a rat model, interleukin-10 and interleukin-19 have been shown to downregulate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory species including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, which resulted in a significant improvement in rat hind limb function. Also, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 are related anti-inflammatory cytokines that regulate many aspects of inflammation and have also been shown to induce alternative macrophage activation. The differing and complex roles interleukins play, highlight their importance on the inflammation that persists after spinal cord injury. Here we review both the positive effects and negative effects that interleukins have during the multifaceted inflammation process following spinal cord injury.","PeriodicalId":294729,"journal":{"name":"Interleukins - The Immune and Non-Immune Systems’ Related Cytokines","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1