Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease最新文献_第2页

Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer’s Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan 臭氧、颗粒物与新诊断的阿尔茨海默病:台湾一项基于人群的队列研究

Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/aiad210002

Chau-Ren Jung, Yu-Ting Lin, B. Hwang

{"title":"Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer’s Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan","authors":"Chau-Ren Jung, Yu-Ting Lin, B. Hwang","doi":"10.3233/aiad210002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/aiad210002","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies with animal research associate air pollution in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology, but the actual impact of air pollution on the risk of AD is unknown. Here, this study investigates the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and newly diagnosed AD in Taiwan. We conducted a cohort study of 95,690 individuals’ age ≥ 65 during 2001–2010. We obtained PM10 and O3 data from Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency during 2000–2010. Since PM2.5 data is only accessible entirely after 2006, we used the mean ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 during 2006–2010 (0.57) to estimate the PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2005. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between O3 and PM2.5 at baseline and changes of O3 and PM2.5 during the follow-up period and AD. The adjusted HR for AD was weakly associated with a raised concentration in O3 at baseline per increase of 9.63 ppb (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.12). Further, we estimated a 211% risk of increase of AD per increase of 10.91 ppb in O3 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.92–3.33). We found a 138% risk of increase of AD per increase of 4.34 μg/m3 in PM2.5 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.21–2.56). These findings suggest long-term exposure to O3 and PM2.5 above the current US EPA standards are associated with increased the risk of AD.","PeriodicalId":294723,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decreases in Short Term Memory, IQ, and Altered Brain Metabolic Ratios in Urban Apolipoprotein ε4 Children Exposed to Air Pollution 空气污染对城市载脂蛋白ε4儿童短期记忆、智商和脑代谢率的影响

Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/aiad210019

L. Calderón-Garcidueñas, A. Mora-Tiscareño, Maricela Franco-Lira, Hongtu Zhu, Zhaohua Lu, E. Solorio, R. Torres-Jardón, A. D’Angiulli

{"title":"Decreases in Short Term Memory, IQ, and Altered Brain Metabolic Ratios in Urban Apolipoprotein ε4 Children Exposed to Air Pollution","authors":"L. Calderón-Garcidueñas, A. Mora-Tiscareño, Maricela Franco-Lira, Hongtu Zhu, Zhaohua Lu, E. Solorio, R. Torres-Jardón, A. D’Angiulli","doi":"10.3233/aiad210019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/aiad210019","url":null,"abstract":"Children’s urban air pollution exposures result in systemic and brain inflammation and the early hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most prevalent genetic risk for AD. We assessed whether APOE in healthy children modulates cognition, olfaction, and metabolic brain indices. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were administered to 50 Mexico City Metropolitan Area children (13.4 ± 4.8 years, 28 APOE ε3 and 22 APOE ε4). N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, myo-inositol (mI)/Cr, and NAA/mI were calculated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, hippocampus, and pons. APOE ε4 versus ε3 children had a reduced NAA/Cr ratio in the right frontal white matter and decrements on attention, short-term memory, and below-average scores in Verbal and Full Scale IQ (>10 points). APOE modulated the group effects between WISC-R and left frontal and parietal white matter, and hippocampus metabolites. Soap was the predominantly failed odor in urban children and, in APOE ε4 versus ε3 carriers, strongly correlated with left hippocampus mI/Cr ratio. APOE modulates responses to air pollution in the developing brain. APOE ε4 carriers could have a higher risk of developing early AD if they reside in a polluted environment. APOE, cognition, and olfaction testing and targeted magnetic resonance spectroscopy may contribute to the assessment of urban children and their results could provide new paths toward the unprecedented opportunity for early neuroprotection and AD prevention.","PeriodicalId":294723,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Air Pollution and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 空气污染与阿尔茨海默病:系统回顾和荟萃分析

Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/aiad210016

Pengfei Fu, K. Yung

{"title":"Air Pollution and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Pengfei Fu, K. Yung","doi":"10.3233/aiad210016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/aiad210016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ambient air pollution has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the elderly. However, its effects on AD have not been meta-analyzed comprehensively. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the associations between air pollution and AD incidence. Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science for indexed publications up to March 2020. Odds risk (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for particulate matter (PM)10 (PM10), PM2.5, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The subgroup analysis was conducted based on the pollution levels. Results: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis and review. The OR per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was 1.95 (95% CI: 0.88–4.30). The corresponding values per 10 μg/m3 increment of other pollutants were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.68–1.57) for O3, 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89–1.13) for NO2, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99) for PM10 (only one study), respectively. Overall OR of the five air pollutants above with AD was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.09–1.61), suggesting a positive association between ambient air pollution and AD incidence. The sub-analysis indicated that the OR (2.20) in heavily polluted regions was notably higher than that in lightly polluted regions (1.06). Although AD risk rate data related to SO2 or CO exposure are still limited, the epidemiologic and toxicological evidence indicated that higher concentration of SO2 or CO exposure increased risks of dementia, implying that SO2 or CO might have a potential impact on AD. Conclusion: Air pollution exposure may exacerbate AD development.","PeriodicalId":294723,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114104626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Damage to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Forming the Blood-Brain Barrier 人为氧化铁纳米颗粒诱导形成血脑屏障的脑微血管内皮细胞损伤

Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/aiad210010

L. Gárate-Vélez, C. Escudero-Lourdes, D. Salado-Leza, A. González-Sánchez, I. Alvarado-Morales, D. Bahena, G. J. Labrada-Delgado, J. Rodríguez-López

{"title":"Anthropogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Damage to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Forming the Blood-Brain Barrier","authors":"L. Gárate-Vélez, C. Escudero-Lourdes, D. Salado-Leza, A. González-Sánchez, I. Alvarado-Morales, D. Bahena, G. J. Labrada-Delgado, J. Rodríguez-López","doi":"10.3233/aiad210010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/aiad210010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron nanoparticles, mainly in magnetite phase (Fe3O4 NPs), are released to the environment in areas with high traffic density and braking frequency. Fe3O4 NPs were found in postmortem human brains and are assumed to get directly into the brain through the olfactory nerve. However, these pollution-derived NPs may also translocate from the lungs to the bloodstream and then, through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), into the brain inducing oxidative and inflammatory responses that contribute to neurodegeneration. Objective: To describe the interaction and toxicity of pollution-derived Fe3O4 NPs on primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs), main constituents of in vitro BBB models. Methods: Synthetic bare Fe3O4 NPs that mimic the environmental ones (miFe3O4) were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized using complementary techniques. The rBMECs were cultured in Transwell® plates. The NPs-cell interaction was evaluated through transmission electron microscopy and standard colorimetric in vitro assays. Results: The miFe3O4 NPs, with a mean diameter of 8.45 ± 0.14 nm, presented both magnetite and maghemite phases, and showed super-paramagnetic properties. Results suggest that miFe3O4 NPs are internalized by rBMECs through endocytosis and that they are able to cross the cells monolayer. The lowest miFe3O4 NPs concentration tested induced mid cytotoxicity in terms of 1) membrane integrity (LDH release) and 2) metabolic activity (MTS transformation). Conclusion: Pollution-derived Fe3O4 NPs may interact and cross the microvascular endothelial cells forming the BBB and cause biological damage.","PeriodicalId":294723,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125071224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles in Key Brain Target Cells and Organelles in Young Urbanites: Culprit Hidden in Plain Sight in Alzheimer’s Disease Development 燃烧衍生的纳米颗粒在关键的大脑靶细胞和细胞器在年轻城市居民:罪魁祸首隐藏在阿尔茨海默病的发展中

Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/aiad210005

A. Gónzalez‐Maciel, R. Reynoso-Robles, R. Torres-Jardón, P. Mukherjee, L. Calderón-Garcidueñas

{"title":"Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles in Key Brain Target Cells and Organelles in Young Urbanites: Culprit Hidden in Plain Sight in Alzheimer’s Disease Development","authors":"A. Gónzalez‐Maciel, R. Reynoso-Robles, R. Torres-Jardón, P. Mukherjee, L. Calderón-Garcidueñas","doi":"10.3233/aiad210005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/aiad210005","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of children and young adults are exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Mexico City (MC) children exhibit systemic and brain inflammation, low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, breakdown of nasal, olfactory, alveolar-capillary, duodenal, and blood-brain barriers, volumetric and metabolic brain changes, attention and short-term memory deficits, and hallmarks of AD and Parkinson’s disease. Airborne iron-rich strongly magnetic combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) are present in young urbanites’ brains. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented CDNPs in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, and neurovascular units of young MC residents versus matched clean air controls. CDNPs are associated with pathology in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), axons,and dendrites. There is a significant difference in size and numbers between spherical CDNPs (>85%) and the angular, euhedral endogenous NPs (<15%). Spherical CDNPs (dogs 21.2 ± 7.1 nm in diameter versus humans 29.1 ± 11.2 nm, p = 0.002) are present in neurons, glia, choroid plexus, endothelium, nasal and olfactory epithelium, and in CSF at significantly higher in numbers in MC residents (p < 0.0001). Degenerated MERCs, abnormal mitochondria, and dilated ER are widespread, and CDNPs in close contact with neurofilaments, glial fibers, and chromatin are a potential source for altered microtubule dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, abnormal endosomal systems, altered insulin signaling, calcium homeostasis, apoptotic signaling, autophagy, and epigenetic changes. Highly oxidative, ubiquitous CDNPs constitute a novel path into AD pathogenesis. Exposed children and young adults need early neuroprotection and multidisciplinary prevention efforts to modify the course of AD at early stages.","PeriodicalId":294723,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129447796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5