Soil in the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Field application of ACC-deaminase biotechnology for improving chickpea productivity in Bahawalpur","authors":"Maqshoof Ahamd, Z. Zahir, Moazzam Jamil, Farheen Nazli, Z. Iqbal","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/31043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/31043","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biofertilizer in crop production is gaining importance in modern agriculture, especially under stressful environments. In drought-hit areas of the world, improvement in drought tolerance of major food crops is one of the way forwards to ensure food security. Under water limited conditions, the use of ACC-deaminase biofertilizers can mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on crop production. Present study was conducted for the field evaluation of ACC-deaminase based biofertilizer (Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains) for improving chickpea productivity in Bahawalpur. Six field trials were conducted in different villages of Bahawalpur. Biofertilizer alone and in combination with enriched compost was evaluated under field conditions. Different treatments used in the experiment were control, P-Enriched compost, biofertilizer and P-Enriched compost + biofertilizer. The experiments were conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results showed that enriched compost and biofertilizer, individually and in combination significantly improved the number of nodules plant -1 , nodules fresh weight and nodules dry weight of chickpea. The combined application of Penriched compost and biofertilizer resulted in maximum increase in number of nodules plant -1 and nodules dry weight as compared to control. The integrated use also gave better results in improving plant height and shoot dry weight, yield, number of pods plant -1 , number of grains pod -1 , and 1000 grain weight as compared to separate use of biofertilizer and P-enriched compost. A significant increase in nitrogen and phosphorus contents of chickpea was also observed with combined application of biofertilizer and compost. It can be concluded that the integrated use of ACC-deaminase containing biofertilizer and P-enriched compost is an effective biotechnology to improve chickpea productivity under field conditions and should be recommended to the farmers in the region, where water shortage is the main hindrance to agricultural sustainability.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126608854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of arsenic and manganese from the tailing storage facility of a gold mine using Vetiveria zizanioides, Bambusa bambos and Pennisetum purpureum","authors":"P. Sampanpanish, Panwadee Suwattiga","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/51183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/51183","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation is a promising technology to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using Vetiveria zizanioides, Bambusa bambos and Pennisetum purpureum to remove arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) from the metal (loid) tailings pond of a gold mine. The aerial or aboveground parts (shoots and leaves) and underground parts (roots) of these plants, as well as the metal (loid) tailings soil, were analyzed for the As and Mn contents using the USEPA technique. The samples were collected every 30 d over a 180 d cultivation period. This study has shown that the relative growth rate (RGR) of all three plants’ dry weight decreased with increasing cultivation time to 180 d. The results exhibited that P. purpureum had the highest growth rate and accumulated the highest As and Mn levels in the aerial parts at 15.5 and 943.3 mg/plant, respectively. On the other hand, the accumulation of As and Mn in the underground parts were 1.8 and 93.7 mg/plant, respectively. Moreover, P. purpureum is very tolerant to various soil and weather conditions; and it provides abundant biomass. Hence, rather than using it as phytoremediation only, P. purpureum could be utilized as biomass feedstock for producing heat and electricity.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126453351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear strength and root length density analyses of Entisols treated with palm oil mill effluent sludge","authors":"M. N. Khairuddin, I. Isa, A. Zakaria, H. Jol, S. Syahlan","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/41141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/41141","url":null,"abstract":"The underutilized and improper management of wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent sludge (POME) sludge might create pollution and give a negative impact towards the environment. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of shear strength parameter and root length density of maize on Entisols applied with POME sludge as a soil amendment. The maize was planted on Rasau soil series (Entisols) amended with different POME sludge treatment systems from various ponds (mixing, anaerobic, facultative, algae, and dumping). Standard direct shear box test was used to identify the cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (φ) after application of treatments. The bulk density, porosity, moisture content, organic matter, root length and root density of Zea mays L. (Hibrimas) applied with POME sludge from dumping pond (DP), aglae pond (ALP) and facultative pond (FP) were significantly difference against the control treatment. The positive effect of root length and root length density (RLD) treated with POME sludge from the dumping pond was 26% and 38% compared to the other treatments. The results highlighted that roots enhanced soil shear strength by reducing the cohesion and increased the angle of internal friction component. The shear strength analysis showed that high shear strength of normal stress at 500.72 kN/m2 was measured from the dumping pond's POME sludge treatment after maize harvesting. The POME sludge from the DP, ALP and FP was ameliorating some nutrients deficiencies for the plant growth and improved the root length density. In conclusion, the POME sludge from the DP indicated the high shear strength and root length densities due to the adequate nutrients for roots distribution and maize growth.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125863365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of bacterial inoculation for improving grain yield and quality of chickpea","authors":"M. Avais, N. Ahmad, M. Rafique, M. Shafique, M. Mushtaq, M. Zahid, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/20979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/20979","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were carried out for three consecutive Rabi seasons (2011-12 to 2013-14) at Pulses Research Institute, Faisalabad to study the effect of bacterial inoculation on grain yield and quality of chickpea (desi). One variety (Pb-2008) and four advanced lines viz. D-03009, D-06002, D-06003 and D-06052 were tested with and without bacterial inoculation (Mesorhizobium ciceri, Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.). On a loamy soil (EC = 1.8 dS m-1, pH = 7.6), a consortium of three bacteria spp. was applied as seed coating at the time of sowing. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Results showed a significant increase in nodulation (17.5%), plant height (4.0%), number of pods per plant (7.8%) and grain yield (7.5%) due to bacterial inoculation. The increase/decrease in the number of branches per plant (3.8%), 100 grain weight (1.9%), protein (- 4.5%), carbohydrate (0.0%), crude fiber (2.0%) and mineral matter (2.5%), remained statistically non-significant. The interaction among local cultivar / advanced lines and microbial inoculation was significant for improving grain yield. The advanced line D-06052 yielded with highest grains (2890 kg ha-1) due to bacterial inoculation. Hence, it can be argued that the bacterial inoculation positively influenced the grain yield and its components without fading the quality of produce. Bacterial inoculation is recommended for better chickpea yield.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating the phenology and yield of camelina sativa L. by varying sowing dates under water deficit stress conditions","authors":"E. Waraich, Z. Ahmed, R. Ahmad, R. N. Shabbir","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/20937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/20937","url":null,"abstract":"Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) an oilseed crop has emerged as a potential source for biofuels and bio-products. Camelina is an economic crop due to its less requirements of agronomic inputs as compared to other oilseed crops. However, it is direly required to evaluate the adaptability of camelina and characterize its production potential. Therefore, a pot experiment was carried out in rain out shelter at the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to optimize appropriate sowing date with respect to growth and yield potential of different genotypes of camelina under drought stress. Completely randomized design with factorial arrangements was adopted. Three sowing dates with the difference of 10 days (November 13 th , 23 rd and December 03 rd ), two water regimes (100% FC and 60% FC) and two camlena genotypes (611 and 618) were used in this experiment. Results indicated that camelina growth and yield related traits were significantly influenced by difference in sowing dates and water regimes. Maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR) and yield related traits were recorded with early sowing (13 th November) which was followed by sowing on 23 rd November and least values of these variables were recorded in late sowing (December 03 rd ). Plants grown under water deficit conditions (60% FC) showed the decreased values of LAI, CGR, LAD, NAR and yield related attributes as compared to normally irrigated plants (100% FC). However, the response of genotypes of camelina 611 and 618 remained statistically similar to each other.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116515943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of interpolation methods for mapping soil pH in the apple orchards of Murree, Pakistan","authors":"Humair Ahmed, M. Siddique, M. Iqbal, F. Hussain","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/41154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/41154","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pH is considered as a core indicator for nutrient bioavailability. Prevailing alkaline pH due to calcareousness in Pakistan is considered as one of the limiting factor for nutrient availability to plants. Exploring the spatial variability of soil variables serves as scientific basis for the generation of soil management strategies. Selection of best interpolation method to predict the soil properties at un-sampled locations is an important issue in the site specific investigations. This article evaluates Inverse distance weighting, global and local polynomial interpolation, radial basis function and kriging to determine the optimal interpolation method for mapping soil pH. Performance of the interpolation methods was analyzed using soil test (pH) data from 180 surface soil samples collected from 30 representative orchards grown in tehsil Murree. For inverse distance weighting, powers of 1, 2 and 3 were used and the number of neighbors for all methods ranged from 15 to 25. The conclusion of our study suggested that increased power of inverse distance weighting resulted in an increase in the prediction accuracy. Local polynomial interpolation method was more suitable as compared to global polynomial interpolation. Radial basis function with regularized and spline tension gave equivalent prediction accuracy. Higher errors (mean and mean absolute errors) were observed in case of ordinary kriging as compared to other interpolation methods. Digital maps generated by the higher powers of inverse distance weighting, local polynomial interpolation, and radial basis function were of higher accuracy.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress","authors":"M. Ashraf, S. M. Shahzad, M. Imtiaz, M. Rizwan, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/31054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/31054","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) being moderately tolerant to salinity has been extensively grown in arid and semiarid regions where soil salinization is a major threat to plant growth and soil productivity. Excess salts in the growth medium may interfere with growth processes of cotton, leading to a severe decline in yield and fiber quality characteristics. Adequate mineral nutrient status of plants can provide an important strategy to improve plant tolerance to salinity. A pot experiment was planned to evaluate the ameliorative effects of additional potassium (K) applied at 50 and 100 mg K2O kg -1 soil as potassium sulfate against NaCl stress of 100 and 180 mM in cotton. The experiment was conducted according to completely randomized design with five replications. NaCl caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in shoot sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl ) with a corresponding decrease in shoot K + , K + : Na + ratio, calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ). Plant growth, yield and fiber quality characteristics were also declined significantly by increasing external NaCl concentration. Additional K reduced shoot Na + while increased K + , K + : Na + ratio, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ with the consequent improvement in plant growth, lint yield and yield attributes as well as fiber quality characteristics at both levels of NaCl. Results revealed that K nutrition improved shoot K + : Na + ratio by 116 and 246% at NaCl100 while 188 and 294% at NaCl180 with K50 and K100, respectively as compared to NaCl treated plants without additional K. Likewise, lint yield was improved by 38.27 and 60.49% at NaCl100 while 75.12 and 136% at NaCl180 with K50 and K100, respectively compared to NaCl stressed plants without additional K. Ameliorative effects of K against NaCl stress were relatively more prominent at higher K application at both NaCl levels. In conclusion, K-induced decrease in Na + , increase in Ca 2+ , K + , K + : Na + ratio, relative water content and membrane stability index provide protective mechanisms against NaCl stress. However, the results need to be confirmed under field conditions and the economic feasibility should be worked out.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130475434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activities and mineral profile of selected wild plant Linum usitatissimum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"S. Yousaf, M. Ilyas, A. Khattak, Sanam Zarif Satti, I. Jan","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/41156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/41156","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to investigate the possible potential of Linum usitatissimum in the removal of various human ailments and its mineral profile, as widely distributed in different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The preliminary analytical investigation is to confirm the antimicrobial significance of L. usitatissimum, due to the presence of certain bioactive compounds. It was observed that L. usitatissimum exhibit broad spectrum activity against pathogenic bacterial strains were Agrobacterium tumefaciens sp., Bacillus subtilis sp., Clavibacterm ichiganensis sp., Escherichia coli sp., Staphylococcus aureus sp. and Xanthomonas campestris sp. While fungal strains including, viz: Aspergillus flavus sp., Aspergillus niger sp., Trichoderma harzianum sp.,Fusarium oxysporum sp., and Paecilomyces sp. Among all the bacterial strains highest inhibitory zone was recorded against B. subtillis (60.71%) followed by S. aureus (48.14%) and E. coli (44.0%) whereas no activity was observed against A. tumefaciens, C. michiganensis and X. compestris. Among all the fungal isolates highest inhibitory zone was observed against T. harzianum (76.0%) as compared to F. oxysporum (65.21%) and A. niger (57.89%) while A. flavus and Paecilomyces sp., showed complete resistance. The results showed that elemental composition of L. usitatissimum contain significant amount of carbon (63.39%) followed by oxygen (33.90%), silicon (0.45%), potassium (0.44%), calcium (0.36%), sodium (0.30%), magnesium (0.25%), sulfur (0.24%), phosphorus (0.21%), chlorine (1.9%), iron (0.18%) and aluminum (0.15%). It was concluded from the results the said plant exhibits promising antimicrobial activity and possess sufficient amount of minerals therefore it should be exploited in traditional health care medicine for the treatment of various ailments.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124309631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites and their characterization","authors":"R. Batool, Samra Ayub, I. Akbar","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/20992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/20992","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are microbial amphiphilic compounds which can reduce surface tension between aqueous and hydrocarbon mixtures. Bacterial strains isolated from petroleum contaminated soil of various motor workshops were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Biosurfactant producing ability of the strains was determined and their emulsification activity was screened against different oils. All the selected bacterial strains showed enhanced biosurfactants production with yeast extract as nitrogen source and glucose as carbon source at optimized conditions. These strains also exhibited multiple metal and antibiotics resistance. Isolated biosurfactants of three most promising strains SF-1, SF-4 and SM-1 were extracted by solvent extraction and subjected to TLC technique. The technique indicates the glycolipid nature of the compounds and presence of rhamnose sugar, which was further confirmed by FT-IR analysis. 16srRNA analysis revealed that SF-1 and SM-1 had close resemblance with Pseudomonas sp. while SF-4 showed homology with Enterobacter sp. Isolation and screening of biosurfactant producing strains from petroleum polluted places proved to be a quick and effective means to find bacterial strains with possible industrial uses.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130687954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of textile wastewater on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"A. Hussain, A. Mustafa, R. Waqas, I. Ashraf, M. Akhtar","doi":"10.25252/SE/17/41133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/41133","url":null,"abstract":"Textile wastewater can be a good source of nutrients in addition to meet the crop water requirements in areas facing water shortage problem. The use of untreated industrial wastewater can be hazardous for end users and soil environment due to high concentration of pollutants. The toxic effects of wastewater could be reduced by dilution of these pollutants. A pot trial was conducted to evaluate the suitability of untreated textile wastewater at different dilution levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100%) for improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L .). Tap water (0 % dilution level) was applied as control treatment. Results showed that textile effluents negatively affected growth and yield of wheat. Maximum reduction in growth, yield, chemical and physiological parameters of wheat was recorded on application of textile wastewater (100% wastewater dilution level). However, on dilution, inhibitory effects of textile wastewater on all measured parameters of wheat were significantly reduced. In addition, effects of 10% and 20% diluted textile effluent on growth and yield of wheat was statistically at par with control. So, it can be concluded that although textile wastewater imparts negative effects on wheat but on dilution it can be used for irrigation of wheat in areas facing water scarcity. However, dyes or their intermediates even in the diluted textile wastewater after entering into food chain may cause harm to human. Such wastewater could be used for biomass production of bioenergy crops and further studies are required to test toxicity impacts of textile wastewater on human through food chain.","PeriodicalId":294623,"journal":{"name":"Soil in the Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}