{"title":"Public Mapping and Redistricting Reform","authors":"Michael P. McDonald, Micah Altman","doi":"10.7591/CORNELL/9781501738548.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/CORNELL/9781501738548.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter looks at the benefits of public mapping. The public approaches redistricting from a perspective fundamentally different from that of politicians. Redistricting plans produced by the public, compared to plans adopted by redistricting authorities, are generally more politically fair, have more competitive districts, have at least the same number or more voting rights districts, are more compact, and adhere more closely to existing political boundaries. Indeed, when politicians gerrymander, they are not particularly interested in achieving any goal other than political advantage. The chapter then argues that public mapping should be a component of redistricting reform. Redistricting is an astoundingly complex problem that benefits from having more maps to help inform the range of possible policy choices. Thus, redistricting authorities should accept, consider, and be responsive to redistricting plans created by the public. Public mapping can also help inform the courts about the intent of a redistricting authority.","PeriodicalId":293994,"journal":{"name":"The Public Mapping Project","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132615408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A History of Public Mapping","authors":"Michael P. McDonald, Micah Altman","doi":"10.7591/CORNELL/9781501738548.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/CORNELL/9781501738548.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the history of public mapping. The earliest reform efforts in redistricting were made possible because districts were primarily drawn out of large geographic units such as counties, which greatly simplified the redistricting task. That task grew more complex in the early 1960s, when the Supreme Court ruled that districts had to be of roughly equal population: counties would now often have to be split between two or more districts. The increasing computational demands effectively shut the public out of redistricting, since redistricting could be performed only on extremely costly computer systems. The reemergence of public mapping began in the 1990s, when states began offering public access to computer terminals loaded with their redistricting software and data. Eventually, two technological innovations by 2010 made public mapping available to the general public. Organizations and individuals are now able to leverage high-speed internet and open-source software to disseminate easy-to-use redistricting systems through the Web.","PeriodicalId":293994,"journal":{"name":"The Public Mapping Project","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124694916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}