The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation最新文献

Power-Sharing in Divided Societies 分裂社会中的权力分享

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.30

J. Doyle

{"title":"Power-Sharing in Divided Societies","authors":"J. Doyle","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"Peacebuilding—in one form or another—is likely to persist for the duration of a liberal world order. Power-sharing models of government as a contribution to peacemaking have dominated constitutional design since the mid-1990s, but they remain highly contested. Consociational power-sharing offers a means to move beyond armed conflict acceptable to political actors, for whom a return to hegemonic majoritarianism is unacceptable and a hope of conflict transformation too distant. Critics claim that it locks in divided identities and prevents other options emerging. This chapter argues that the causal impact of power-sharing in cases such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, compared to other features of these conflicts, such as excessive canonization, is not clear-cut and that in other situations, such as Northern Ireland, the outcomes are more positive. Basing each cycle of power-sharing executive formation on the results of the previous election rather than historic balances of power or population can facilitate internal electoral competition within political communities and the emergence of new parties outside of the traditional political divisions. It could also facilitate other forms of representation, such as gender quotas. The external influences on power-sharing and international intervention are not well explored, and engaging with the “local turn” in peacemaking could allow a better understanding of the positive and negative factors in the interaction between external support and local agency.","PeriodicalId":293895,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123287001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statebuilding Statebuilding

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.31

D. Chandler

引用次数: 4

The European Union and Peacebuilding 欧洲联盟与建设和平

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.19

Nathalie. Tocci

引用次数: 0

Religion and Peacebuilding 宗教与建设和平

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190904418.013.41

J. Brewer

引用次数: 0

Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding 过渡时期司法与建设和平

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190904418.013.36

Catherine Turner

{"title":"Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding","authors":"Catherine Turner","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190904418.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190904418.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines transitional justice as it has been institutionalized in international law, policy, and practice. As such it focuses on transitional justice as an elite discourse rather than as a grassroots project. The reason for this is the potential of elite discourses to constrain what is considered appropriate at the local level, and because it is the tension between international frameworks and local peacebuilding that is the subject of most of the critique of transitional justice from a peacebuilding perspective. The chapter provides an overview of the key transitional mechanisms and explores how each mechanism is intended to contribute to the goal of peace. The chapter considers the professionalization of transitional justice as a field and its embeddedness in normative ideas of justice. In addressing a peacebuilding audience the chapter seeks first to explain the arguments made in favor of legally normative transitional justice mechanisms, before exploring the difficult relationship between law and politics in transitional justice scholarship that contributes to the disciplinary gap that is so evident between transitional justice and peacebuilding.","PeriodicalId":293895,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121143442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protection of Civilians 保护平民

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/9781316107010.007

W. Kilroy

引用次数: 0

International Interventions 国际干预

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.16

Aidan Hehir

引用次数: 0

Emancipatory Peace 和平解放

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.46

Gëzim Visoka

{"title":"Emancipatory Peace","authors":"Gëzim Visoka","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.46","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for emancipation remains an aspirational project in critical peace and conflict studies. Recently, however, new proposals for emancipatory peace have emerged in conflict-affected societies. This chapter gives an overview of different visions of emancipatory peace and examines their key features. Whereas, for the proponents of liberal peace, local subjects need to be freed from the local practices, identities, habits, and structures that have caused violent conflict in the first place, critical scholars focus their emancipatory project on the importance of not only tackling the root causes of conflict but also unmaking the negative legacies of liberal peacebuilding’s failed attempts to resolve the tier-one suppressive structures. The first part of the chapter briefly outlines the significance of emancipation for different strands of critical theory. The tensions between deconstructive and reconstructive modes of critique will be examined to shed light on the extent to which critical theory can contribute to the development of emancipatory knowledge for social and political change. The discussion then surveys the early critiques of liberal peacebuilding and outlines some of the emerging visions of what emancipatory peace would look like in conflict-affected societies. Finally, the chapter traces some of the critiques of and responses to the visions of an emancipatory peace, and it concludes by exploring the limits of existing work in critical peace and conflict studies and exploring ideas for a future direction.","PeriodicalId":293895,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131196154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Globalization of Peace 和平全球化

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.21

Jackie Smith

{"title":"Globalization of Peace","authors":"Jackie Smith","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional scholarship on peace and peacebuilding fail to consider how the capitalist world-system is implicated in the structural violence that fuels violent conflicts around the world. This helps to account for the widespread failures of state-led peacebuilding interventions. Although social movement and civil society actors are deemed critical to successful peacebuilding, they are typically denied meaningful roles in shaping these processes. Yet subaltern groups are critical agents pressing for attention to latent conflicts before they escalate into violent confrontations, and they work to reduce violent conflicts and their harmful effects on communities. By shifting our gaze from the realm of states and the interstate system, we see an array of forces working “from below” to articulate projects to transform social relations in ways that Oliver Richmond calls “peace formation.” Global human rights discourses have provided a unifying framework and focal point for these grassroots initiatives, which eschew mainstream notions of rights as formal protections for individuals while advancing new foundations for transformative peacebuilding based upon “people-centered human rights.”","PeriodicalId":293895,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114541262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The International Law of Peace 国际和平法

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190904418.013.11

Cecilia M. Bailliet

引用次数: 0