Plant Breeding and Seed Production最新文献

{"title":"Selection of watermelon starting material by adaptability for breeding for suitability for intensive and organic growing technologies","authors":"O. Serhiienko, O. Shabetia, Z. Linnik, M. Serhiienko, I. Y. Povlin","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293879","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose and Objectives. To select watermelon starting materials by major productive indicators (yield, average marketable fruit weight) for the breeding of genotypes suitable for intensive and organic cultivation technologies. Materials and Methods. Collection watermelon accessions were studied: 101 cultivars and lines from 9 countries. Cv. ‘Maks Plus’ (Ukraine) was taken as the control accession. The following parameters were determined: Sgi – genotype’s stability, bi – regression coefficient of the genotype's response to changing conditions (plasticity), GBVi – genotype’s breeding value. Plants were grown by traditional technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (DSTU 3805-98, 1998; DSTU 5045:2008, 2008). Watermelon plants were fertilized and protected in compliance with scientific and practical recommendations. The study was conducted in accordance with routine methods of breeding. Kilchevskiy & Khotylyova’s method, 1997 was used to estimate the genotypes’ stability parameters. The coefficient of environmental plasticity (bi) was calculated by Eberhart & Russel algorithm, 1966. Data were statistically and mathematically processed in Statistica 6. Results and Discussion. The adaptive potential of the watermelon collection was evaluated for the following characteristics: total and marketable yields and average marketable fruit weight. The following parameters were determined: bi - coefficient of regression of the genotype’s response to changes in conditions (plasticity), Sgi – genotype’s stability, and GBVi – genotype’s breeding value of the watermelon collection. We established the amplitudes and ranges of variation of the yield indicators. By the coefficient of environmental plasticity bi, the collection watermelon accessions were grouped as showing low, medium or high environmental plasticity for different traits. The collection accessions were categorized as follows: 1 - intensive genotypes with enhanced responses to growing conditions; 2 - with medium environmental plasticity; 3 - highly plastic, which slightly respond to changes in growing conditions. For breeding for various traits, we identified accessions of practical value in terms of stability parameters and genotype’s breeding value (GBVi) for intensive and organic cultivation technologies. Taking into account the environmental variability parameters in collection watermelon accessions to be used in the breeding of cultivars and hybrids suitable for intensive technologies, we selected accessions with enhanced responses to changing growing conditions, which also consistently yielded sufficiently high. As to the yield constituents (productive traits), 5 breeding-valuable accessions were selected by the \"total yield\" trait, 6 – by the \"marketable yield\" trait, and 1 – by the \"average fruit weight\" trait. Analysis of the environmental variability parameters in the watermelon collection to be used as starting materials in the breeding of genotypes suitable for organic cultivation enable","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"61 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of the grain filling intensity and moisture-yielding ability on valuable economic features in corn","authors":"Yu. O. Bibel, L. M. Chernobai","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293891","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To analyze the dependence of the corn grain filling intensity and moisture-yielding ability of corn grain on morphological and economic characteristics in each ripeness group of corn lines. Material and Methods. The study was carried out in the Laboratory of Introduction and Preservation of Plant Genetic Resources and the Laboratory of Corn Breeding and Seed Production of the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS in 2017-2019. The accessions were sown by the standard method in two-row plots of 9.8 m2 in three replications. The reference accessions were placed after every 20 plots: early ripening - F2 line; medium-early – UKh 52; medium-ripening - DS 103, UKhS 126, and SO 125; medium-late - А 619, Kharkivska 215, and KhА 408. During the growing period, the accessions were evaluated in the field 24 times for typicality. In the laboratory, the grain moisture was determined thermogravimetrically four times for each line during its ripening period, every ten days, starting on day 30 after pollination. For comparison, the moisture content in grain was also determined in the field using an AVD 6100 needle moisture meter for wood. Results and Discussion. Lines with the maximum yield of moisture per day were selected: six medium-early lines (LPL 79 A, UKhK 5, UChS 85, UKhK 590, UChS 85, SL 73-85-2 (Ukraine), СО 190 (Canada), and B 267 (Russia)), 24 medium-ripening lines (of them, 20 lines were bred in Ukraine; one line is from Russia (B 321), and three lines are from the USA (W 83, A 619, and B 143)), and 25 medium-late lines (20 Ukrainian lines (UKhK 472, KhLH 78, LNAU 18, ОV 1248, UKh 804, and others), two Russian lines, 1 Kazakhstanian line, and  1 line from the USA).   We noted the dependences of the grain filling intensity, moisture release during ripening, and grain drying rate on morphobiological and so-called \"specific\" characteristics (peduncle length, sheath number, density of sheath adhesion to the ear, grain consistency). Corn lines with intensive grain filling and a set of valuable economic features were distinguished. Having studied inbred corn lines, we found a strong positive correlation between dry matter accumulation and performance (r = 0.90) and moderate positive correlations between dry matter accumulation and kernel number per ear (r = 0.45), between dry matter accumulation and plant height (r = 0.40), and between dry matter accumulation and ear attachment height (r = 0.39). Conclusions. The best lines were selected in each group of ripeness according to the intensity of moisture egress from grain and valuable economic characteristics. In the medium-early group, eight best lines were selected. However, only 6 lines had good economic characteristics. Most of the medium-early lines were superior to the reference accession, UKh 52, in terms of performance and thousand kernel weight. In the medium-ripening group, 24 best lines were selected in comparison with UChS 126 (reference accession).","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of a confectionery sunflower cultivation technology","authors":"K. Makliak, M. Korkodola","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293894","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2022, there are 22 names of confectionary sunflower in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine, accounting for almost 2% of the total number of cultivars and hybrids in the Register. Valuable economic characteristics of confectionery sunflowers are significantly affected by weather. In particular, 39% of the seed yield variability is determined by weather conditions; the thousand seed weight variability - by 32%; the huskness variability- by 26%; the  the 3.8+ fraction proportion variability - by 41%; and the protein content variability - by 12%. A review of literature on elements of the confectionary sunflower cultivation technology allowed us to identify major factors of the agricultural technology that affect such commercially important characteristics as yield and quality of seeds. These are basic tillage, optimal doses of mineral fertilizers, and plant density. An increase in plant density augments the yields of confectionary genotypes. However, in thin sowing (up to 20,000 plants/ha), the yield of the commercially important large fraction of seeds is raised. Manufacturers prefer cultivars and hybrids with both large thousand seed weights and economically profitable yields. Most researchers agree that seed size decreases as plant density is increased, and therefore it is desirable to aim for a plant density in the field that can produce sufficiently large seeds without significant reduction in the total yield. The best genotypes combine both yield a lot and have large thousand seed weights. Regarding the effects of basic tillage options on the confectionary sunflower yields, scientists' opinions are contradictory. In the southern steppe of Ukraine, the highest yield of confectionary sunflower seeds was harvested with moldboard plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. A positive effect of nitrogen fertilizers at doses of 120-160 kg/ha on thousand seed weight was proven by numerous studies. However, one should take into account that excessive nitrogen extends growing periods, reduces resistance to diseases, and contributes to stronger negative reactions to arid conditions. Producers of confectionery seeds try to increase the yield of large seeds. Researchers report a high yield of large (4.5+) seed fraction, which in some cases can reach 83.6%. 3.8+ seed fraction is considered economically valuable. In the northern steppe, the yield of this fraction reached 81.4%, which was ensured by selection of genotypes, moldboard plowing, and thin sowing at a density of 20,400 plants/ha. Seed specific weight is influenced by many factors, in particular, weather, varietal characteristics, and farming techniques. Specific weight increases when crops are thickened. Therefore, the economic characteristics of confectionery sunflower genotypes vary widely due to varietal features and growing conditions (weather and climate, farming). Major elements of the confectionary sunflower cultivation technology are similar to thos","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of Triticum aestivum L. genotypes according to combination of yield and flour quality indicators","authors":"I. Pravdziva, N. Vasylenko, N. M. Khoroshko","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293888","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines giving high yields, with improved flour quality and with combination of these features. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat (MIW) of NAAS of Ukraine in 2019/20–2021/22. Ten new winter bread wheat cultivars and four promising breeding lines were evaluated. Winter wheat was grown in accordance with routine techniques in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The yields were harvested and recorded in accordance with methods of qualification examination of plant varieties for suitability for dissemination in Ukraine. Winter bread wheat grain quality parameters were determined by conventional methods at the Grain Quality Laboratory MIW. Results and Discussion. There was a significant variability of yield and flour quality parameters depending on the conditions of the study years. On average across the winter bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines, the highest contents of protein (14.7%) and wet gluten content (31.9%) were recorded in 2019/20, but the lowest yield (3.40 t/ha) was harvested that year. In 2020/21, on the contrary, the yield was higher (6.46 t/ha), while the sedimentation value (59 mL), protein content (11.9%), and wet gluten content (27.4%) were lower. Cv. ‘MIP Aelita’, ‘MIP Vidznaka’ and breeding line ‘Lutescens 37548’ yielded significantly more than the check cultivar (‘Podolianka’; 5.05 t/ha; LSD05 = 0.33 t/ha). We singled out genotypes that on average in 2019/20–2021/22 were significantly superior to the check cultivar (‘Podolianka’) in term of protein content (‘MIP Nika’, ‘MIP Vidznaka’, ‘MIP Dovira’, ‘Lutescens 37548’, ‘Lutescens 60049’, and ‘Lutescens 60400’), sedimentation value (‘MIP Feieriia’, ‘Lutescens 37548’, ‘Lutescens 60049’, and ‘Lutescens 60302’) and wet gluten content (‘Lutescens 375480’). It should be noted that breeding line ‘Lutescens 37548’ significantly outperformed the check cultivar in all measured flour quality parameters. Based on combinations of high yield with several parameters of flour quality, cv. ‘MIP Aelita’ and ‘MIP Vidznaka’ and breeding lines ‘Lutescens 37548’, ‘Lutescens 60049’, and ‘Lutescens 60302’ were distinguished. Conclusions. The selected winter bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines can be used in breeding to create starting materials as sources of improved corresponding parameters of flour quality, a set of the investigated characteristics of flour quality and of combinations of high yield and good parameters of flour quality.","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen reaction of mutant tomato forms to abiotic stress factors","authors":"Мilania Makovei","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293843","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of screening accessions of the mutant tomato gene pool (125 genotypes) based on the response of their pollen to abiotic stress factors (high, low temperatures, drought) in order to study their potential and identify genetic sources/donors of resistance. The studies were carried out in open ground conditions from 2015 to 2017 and in summer greenhouses from 2017 to 2019. High heterogeneity of the genotype-specific response of pollen of mutant forms to various stress factors was shown: with a lethal outcome to all factors (10 genotypes); highly resistant to all stressors (20 genotypes); combining resistance: to high and low temperatures (7 genotypes), to high temperature and drought (9 genotypes), to cold and drought (4 genotypes); resistant only: to high (14 genotypes) or low (17 genotypes) temperatures, drought (6 genotypes). Mutant forms (38 genotypes) with high intrapopulation variability in pollen germination and the ability to form long pollen tubes under various stressors were also identified. It was established that resistance to heat, cold and drought according on traits of the male gametophyte was determined by different genetic systems.","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"77 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in sunflower breeding for cold tolerance","authors":"V. P. Kolomatska, L. I. Relina, V. Syvenko, V. Andriienko","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293845","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Sunflower is grown as an oilseed crop worldwide. For sunflower production, it is vital to have cold-tolerant hybrids. An appropriate method to assess cold tolerance is a prerequisite for successful breeding of cold-tolerant sunflower. Purpose and Objectives. To evaluate cold tolerance of sunflower in the laboratory and its tolerance in the field, to identify promising combinations, to assess the capacity of a laboratory test to predict tolerance of sunflower in the field and to verify relationships of cold tolerance with ripeness group and yield. Materials and Methods. Sunflower was grown in compliance with standard farming techniques. In total, 192 F1 hybrids were obtained. The lines and hybrids were screened for ability to germinate at above-zero low temperature by laboratory test. The field tolerance  at the initial stages of plant growth was determined with a 9-point scale. Relationships between the investigated parameters were analyzed by linear regression. Results and Discussion. The highest field tolerance at the initial stages of plant growth was recorded for Kh4713V, Skh777А and Skh808А lines. However, they only conferred tolerance to some of their hybrids. On the other hand, several hybrids were fairly tolerant in the field though the tolerance scores of their parental lines ranged 1 to 5 points. There was no relationship between the ‘emergence – anthesis’ period and cold tolerance. A great degree of uncertainty is associated with predicting field tolerance of sunflower from its cold tolerance assessed by laboratory test. This laboratory test cannot be used to predict field tolerance of either lines or hybrids. There was a strong positive correlation between the field tolerance and seed yield in the lines, but the correlation coefficient for the hybrids indicated no significant correlation between these parameters. Conclusions. At non-freezing low temperatures, the yield of the inbred sunflower lines was positively correlated with the field tolerance score at the early stages of plant growth and development. There was no significant difference in responses of early- and medium-ripening sunflower genotypes to cold exposure. Lakhanov’s cold germination test is not appropriate for evaluation of field tolerance in sunflower lines and hybrids.","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"99 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of spring triticale cultivars bred at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS","authors":"S. V. Chernobai, V. Riabchun, V. S. Melnyk, T. Kapustina, Yu. M. Nosenko, O. Y. Shchechenko, T. Sheliakina","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.293848","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of 2019-2021 studies was to evaluate and compare morphobiological and technological features of the registered and new spring triticale cultivars bred at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Ten registered and new spring triticale cultivars were screened for economic characteristics and technological properties. The field evaluations were carried out in accordance with methods of qualification examination of plant varieties. The laboratory tests included determination of the technological properties of grain, flour, and bread. Results and Discussion. By growing period, all cultivars were medium-ripening (from 90 days in cv. Volia Kharkivska) to 94 days (in cvs. Darkhliba Kharkivskyi (check cultivar), Boryviter Kharkivskyi, and Bulat Kharkivskyi). The plant height in the spring triticale cultivars was optimal (98–108 cm). Spring triticale 'Krypost Kharkivska' was the only cultivar with a plant height of 84 cm (low-stemmed triticale). The yield ranged from 4.07 to 5.00 t/ha. Cv. Svoboda Kharkivska yielded the most (5.00 t/ha or by 0.73 t/ha more than the check cultivar). Cvs. Opora Kharkivska and Kripost Kharkivska yielded 4.74 and 4.61 t/ha, respectively, or by 0.37 and 0.24 t/ha more, than the check cultivar (Darkhliba Kharkivskyi), respectively. The thousand kernel weight varied from 38.1 to 40.9 g. The highest weight of one thousand kernels was registered for cvs. Bulat Kharkivskyi, Boryviter Kharkivskyi, and Kripost Kharkivska (40.9, 40.9, and 40.2 g, respectively, or by 1.8–2.5 g more than that in the check cultivar (Darkhliba Kharkivskyi). The test weight in the spring triticale cultivars was high: from 717 to 753 g/L. Cvs. Zlit Kharkivskyi (753 g/L) and Bulat Kharkivskyi (751 g/L) had the highest test weights. In cv. Boryviter Kharkivskyi, this parameter (745 g/L) was similar to that in the check cultivar (Darkhliba Kharkivskyi). The kernel vitreousness of the spring triticale cultivars was moderate, ranging from 31 to 49%. Cvs. Krypost Kharkivska and Bulat Kharkivskyi had the highest values of this parameter (49 and 47%, respectively). By kernel hardness, cvs. Boryviter Kharkivskyi (121 N), Darkhliba Kharkivskyi (118 N), Svoboda Kharkivska (109 N), Volia Kharkivska (106 N), and Opora Kharkivska (105 N) were classed as soft; cvs. Dostatok Kharkivskyi (101 N), Zlit Kharkivskyi (98 N), Bulat Kharkivskyi (98 N), Skarb Kharkivskyi (92 N), and Kripost Kharkivska (90 N) - as very soft. The protein content in cvs. Boryviter Kharkivskyi (13.0%) and Volia Kharkivska (12.8%) was similar to that in Darkhliba Kharkivskyi (check cultivar). We identified cultivars in which the starch content in grain was higher than that in the check cultivar (Darkhliba Kharkivskyi): Zlit Kharkivskyi (60.1%), Dostatok Kharkivskyi (60.0%), Bulat Kharkivskyi (60.0%), Skarb Kharkivskyi (59.2 %), and Svobods Kharkivska (58.9%). Cv. Volia Kharkivska had the highest gluten content in flour (22.0%), with","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"78 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and inheritance of performance constituents and seed color in winter rye","authors":"Z. Mazur","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.283647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.283647","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To establish peculiarities of inheritance of major breeding traits in lines - parents of winter rye hybrids; to assess the effectiveness of creating starting material for heterotic winter rye breeding based on lines - donors of purple seed color and a set of valuable economic characteristics.\u0000Material and methods. The experiments were conducted in the fields of Verkhniachka Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet (Verkhniachka EBS IBCSB) of NAAS of Ukraine (Umanskyi District of Cherkassy Region) in 2021-2022.  The following F1 and F2 simple hybrids were studied: l.471 x l.44 and l.471 x l.4351H.4-1-22. F1 hybrids were sown manually in single-row sections of 1.5 m long by wide-row method (interrow distance = 25–30 cm) to a depth of 3–4 cm in 2020. The sowing design was as follows: female form – F1 – male form, using the female and male forms as references. All fully ripened plants were harvested with roots. For structural analysis, 25 plants of the hybrids, female and male forms were taken; they were evaluated for the following morphological features: plant height (PH), the productive shoot number (PSN), and spike length (SL). We analyzed such performance constituents as the flower number per spike (FMS), kernel number per spike (KNP), kernel weight per spike (KWS), kernel weight per plant (KWP), and thousand kernel weight (TKW). During the growing period, the phases of plant growth and development were monitored. Correspondence of the observed ratio of phenotypic classes to the theoretical one in F2 was assessed by the χ2 test.\u0000Results and discussion. Various forms from a genetic collection, carriers of dominant and recessive alleles of one or several marker traits were used as the starting material to explore expression and inheritance of morphological traits. Hybrid combination No. 16/17–743/18 (line 471) with purple seeds, which had been created by selection and self-pollination (inbreeding), was crossed with donors of the dominant ‘short stem’ trait with wild-type (light) color of seeds, l.44 and l.4351H.4-1-22. In F1 hybrids, the quantitative constituents of the plant performance, in particular the productive shoot number, flower number per spike, kernel number per spike, kernel weight per spike, and kernel weight per plant were higher than the parents’ mean values. High degree of dominance indicated that these traits were inherited by dominance and overdominance. In F2 hybrids, dihybrid segregation into genotypes with different colors was observed: purple due to pigments in the caryopsis coat, intermediate and wild-type color of the aleurone layer, with greater number of wild-type plants. The purple color of the caryopsis in the parental lines, l.44 and l.4351H.4-1-22, turned out to be recessive relative to the wild-type color, but at the same time it was dominant in l.471 / l.44 relative to intermediate color, and in l.4351H.4-1-22, on the contrary, it was recessive in relation to intermedi","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132448404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced correlation analysis of the performance of pea varieties","authors":"A. О. Vasylenko, N. Vus, S. H. Ponurenko, L. Shevchenko, I. M. Bezuhlyi, A. V. Glyantsev","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.283642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.283642","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The question of the identity or difference of both the matrices of characteristics of different accessions and the matrices of their correlation coefficients and path coefficients is important. We carried out a comparative analysis of correlation matrices and matrices of path coefficients between productivity and its components for pea varieties bred by the Institute of Plant Production na V.Ya. Yuryev National Academy of Sciences (Ukraine) in 2002-2018. \u0000Materials and methods. The field trials were carried out in the years 2014-2016 in the scientific crop rotation of the Institute of Plant Production na V.Ya. Yuryev (PPI) in the Kharkiv region. 14 varieties of peas own breeding of PPI and included in the State Register of Plant Varieties which are suitable for distribution in the Ukraine were used as research material. \u0000The path correlation coefficients were calculated in accordance with the description of Dewey and Lu. The Spearman's rank coefficient sensu Rao G. Nageswara was used for the assessment of the series identity of both genotypic and path coefficients. The table of critical values of Spearman's coefficient was used for the assessment of significance. \u0000Result and discussion. Highly reliable genotypic correlation coefficients with strong association were recorded for the trait \"number of seeds per plant\": 10 out of 14 varieties. To determine the consistency of the correlation matrix for the researched varieties, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated. Reliable values of Spearman's coefficients were found for 66 pairs of comparisons out of a total of 182. All the Spearman's correlation coefficients for the matrix of varieties in Hajduk were low and not significant. \u0000There was no unidirectional influence of any trait on productivity in the analysis of direct and indirect effect indicators for the varieties in the sample. Only the trait \"number of seeds per plant\" had the highest positive values of direct effect. In other cases, differences in the productivity of the varieties studied are confirmed by both positive and negative high values of direct effects. \u0000Spearman's correlation coefficients, calculated to determine agreement between path coefficient correlation matrices for varieties in the sample, were significant in only 16 pairwise comparisons (for direct and indirect effects) of the total calculated. Spearman's correlation coefficients for direct effects ranged from rs = 0.92 to rs = -0.78 and for indirect effects from rs = 0.82 to rs = -0.70 in pairwise comparisons. \u0000Thus, differences in the strength and direction of the relationships between the characteristic matrices of the samples can be assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. \u0000The differences in the characteristics determining the direct effects between our results and those of the cited publications can be explained both by the different genetic nature of the research objects and by the influence of meteorological conditions during the growth peri","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133868816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation and a breeding-genetic study of pollinator lines - sterility fixers and their CMS-analogues in fodder beet breeding for heterosis","authors":"S. Trush, O. O. Parfeniuk, L. O. Balaniuk","doi":"10.30835/2413-7510.2023.283651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2023.283651","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To create pollinator lines - sterility fixers and their cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-analogues and to study their breeding and genetic features for the development of parental components of CMS-based one-sprout fodder beet hybrids. \u0000Materials and Methods. The study was carried out at the Tobacco Research Station of the National Scientific Center \"IA NAAS\" (Cherkaska Oblast, Uman) in 2013–2021. Four diploid one-sprout fodder beet populations of hybrid origin were taken as the starting material. Fodder beet lines were created by inbreeding. Analyzing crossings were carried out under paired coarse calico bags. Breeding accessions were tested in accordance with a method developed by scientists of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS. \u0000Results and Discussion. The results indicate a fairly high frequency of pollinators - sterility fixers among the one-sprout fodder beet hybrids bred in Uman. The mean across all the initial accessions was 7.5%. One-sprout hybrids KT-7105 2хmm and KZ-1507 2хmm demonstrated the highest incidence Owen type pollinators - sterility fixers. A high level of pollen sterility was intrinsic to the CMS analogues of the O-type lines derived from the initial accessions IM-3319 2хmm and KZ-1507 2хmm (99.1% and 97.0%, respectively). The highest percentage of one-sprout seeds was recorded for the CMS analogues of the O-type lines derived from hybrid accessions KZ-1507 2хmm and KT-7105 2хmm. Fifteen best O-type lines have been selected for further breeding to obtain parental components of CMS-based experimental hybrids. \u0000Analysis showed that the beetroot yields of the majority of the CMS fodder beet lines were lower than that of the check variety. CMS IM-3319/16, CMS IM-3319/34 and CMS IM-3319/49 were the only lines that yielded at the level of the check variety (80.9–83.6 t/ha), which is attributed primarily to their genetic origin. As to the dry matter content in beetroots, only lines CMS ST-4514/27 and CMS ST-4514/39 significantly exceeded the check variety; the values of the others were similar to that of the check variety. In terms of the dry matter output, except for CMS KT-7105/7, CMS IM-3319/34 and CMS IM-3319/49, most lines were inferior to the check variety. \u0000Conclusions. We found that the portion of pollinators - CMS fixers in one-sprout populations of fodder beets of different genetic origins was 3.7–11.3%. Fifteen combinable O-type lines with pollen sterility fixing of 96.2–100% and percentage of one-sprout seeds of 96.4–99.3% have been created. Their CMS analogues have been obtained. The created breeding accessions are a valuable starting material for the selection of parental components and generation of highly productive CMS-based one-sprout fodder beet hybrids","PeriodicalId":293268,"journal":{"name":"Plant Breeding and Seed Production","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128440527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}