Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Performance Advantage Evaluation of Air-Oil Heat Exchanger Based on Variable Cycle Engine in Flight Mission","authors":"Congcong Huang, Guoqiang Xu, J. Wen, Meng Li, Laihe Zhuang","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96845","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adding an air-oil heat exchanger to the aero-engine is beneficial to improve the cooling quality of turbine cooling air, while its influence mechanism during the whole flight envelope is still ambiguous. This paper evaluates the performance advantages of the air-oil heat exchanger by building a comprehensive performance simulation model integrating variable cycle engine (VCE), air-oil heat exchanger, and blade temperature evaluation model. The results show, based on typical flight tasks: adding a heat exchanger without changing the cycle parameters reduces the engine’s overall performance, but the blade thermal environment improves, and the temperature drop of the cooling air can reach 45–214K under various operating conditions. Adding a heat exchanger and adjusting bleed air ratio or turbine inlet temperature can increase thrust obviously. For these two parameters, adjusting turbine inlet temperature can gain more enhancement in aeroengine performance. The increase in thrust is no less than 15% in take-off, climbing, and air combat conditions when high thrust is needed, effectively improving the climbing rate, service limit, and maneuverability of the assembled aircraft. Based on the flight envelope: the influence of flight environment on the two modes of VCE is consistent, the cooling air temperature and blade surface temperature are higher in the high-Ma region. Moreover, from the perspective of the engine’s internal thermal environment, double bypass mode is more suitable in low-altitude and low-speed regions, while single bypass mode is more fit in high-altitude and high-speed regions. Furthermore, the heat exchanger can effectively improve the thermal environment of hot-end components in the high-Ma region, ensuring the engine runs in safe conditions. In conclusion, this study points out the performance advantages of air-oil heat exchangers on VCE, which could help solve thermal problems in future advanced engines.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116693214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Combined Impact of Urban Heat Island Effect and Climate Change on Cooling Requirements of Tall Residential Buildings in Hot-Humid Locations","authors":"Athar Kamal, I. Hassan, Liang Wang, M. A. Rahman","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94272","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate change estimates are critical in developing long-term solutions to the dwelling problems that we currently face. This study combines the impact of climate change and the urban heat island effect to study the outcomes of future weather conditions on the cooling of tall residential buildings in hot and humid climates. For the year 2050, we calculate the impact of urban characteristics through the urban weather generator and climate change through the world weather gen tool on the micro-climatic condition of a district in a newly constructed city near Doha, Qatar, the Lusail City. A total of four weather files are compared to the weather data gathered from the established weather station in the city (two for the year 2020 and three for the year 2050). Results reveal that once the open weather map file has been processed through the urban weather generator (UWG) first and then the climate change model, the MAE increases to 3.30, and the RMSE goes to 3.8 with a maximum deviation of 11.4°c occurring. If the process is done the other way around, the climate change model is applied first, and then the UWG file is applied, the MAE of 3.46 is with RMSE of 3.94 with a maximum deviation of 11.3°c occurring. The impact of these weather files is then assessed on a tall residential building in Lusail. A significant increase of 777197 kwh or 20% is seen in the openweather map file that has been processed first through the climate change model and then through the urban weather generator (as compared to the rural weather file); an increase of 739983 kwh or 19% is seen in the openweather map file that has been processed first through the UWG and then through the climate change model; finally close to 22.6 percent increase or 874088 kwh is seen in the openweather map file that has been processed first through the climate change model and then through the climate change model.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122927624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth-Based Design of a Conducting Solid Cooled by Conjugate Gas Conduction and Surface Radiation","authors":"Chadwick D. Sevart, T. Bergman","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95178","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A solid growth model (SGM) is developed to identify desirable configurations of a conducting solid that is cooled by conduction through a stagnant gas and surface radiation. Thermal performance is quantified by the overall thermal resistance, as well as a figure of merit that rewards both (i) low thermal resistance and (ii) use of a small amount of solid. The results show that radiation affects both the evolution of the solid shape and the thermal performance. Predictions of the novel SGM are compared to those of a formal topology optimization (TO) method, which incorporates the effects of radiation after the solid shape is determined by considering conduction only. While application of the TO method yields a lower overall thermal resistance when a high solid thermal conductivity is considered, the SGM leads to better thermal performance when a low solid thermal conductivity is involved.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127766348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of Particle Image Velocimetry Data at the Inlet of a Centrifugal Compressor","authors":"D. Banerjee, A. Selamet, R. Dehner","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94308","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements are carried out at the inlet of a turbocharger compressor at various rotational speeds from 80,000 to 140,000 rpm and mass flow rates spanning the entire compressor flow range. The data obtained is then used to perform a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis of the flow field. POD is a modal decomposition technique that allows for the study of coherent structures (robust vortical structures that retain their identity for many turnover times) in turbulent flow fields. In the present work, the POD analysis is focused at a fixed rotational speed of 80,000 rpm and two mass flow rates: choke (maximum flow rate) and mild surge (minimum flow rate before encountering deep surge) at the specified speed. The POD analysis is performed using the singular value decomposition algorithm. The results at these two operating conditions illustrate the differences in the overall description of the POD modes for a fully developed turbulent flow field (choke), and a highly three-dimensional, swirling, wall-bounded shear flow (mild surge) at the centrifugal compressor inlet. At mild surge, all three velocity components were separately analyzed using POD, while only the axial velocity component was used for the analysis at choke as the radial and tangential velocities were nearly negligible. The POD analysis at mild surge revealed the presence of travelling structures through certain mode pairs. Although the axial, radial, and tangential velocities have significantly different magnitudes and radial profiles, the distribution of singular values (a quantity associated with each POD mode reflecting its energy content) for the three velocity components are similar. As expected, the magnitudes of the singular values decrease progressively with mode number illustrating that the contribution of the lower order modes is much higher. At mild surge, the cumulative energy distribution showed that 98% of the total energy was resolved using the first 300 out of a total number of 430 modes (for each velocity component). Reduced order reconstruction of a sample velocity field revealed that the large scale vortical structures could be recovered by just using the first 50 modes, whereas using a larger number of modes (about 300) ensured that even the small-scale structures are properly captured. A statistical measure of ‘L2Norm’ of difference in modal values is employed to characterize the similarity (or difference) between any specific mode number of the three velocity components. The first 100 POD modes of the three velocity components which cumulatively capture roughly 90% of the energy are shown to exhibit shapes which are fairly distinct from each other, whereas the higher order modes (mode number above 100) of the different velocity components are quite similar. At choke, the singular value as well as the cumulative energy distribution were qualitatively similar to that at mild surge, with the first 300 modes c","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128130463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Frost Formation in Freeze-Out Purification of Gases for Cryogenic Applications","authors":"Duncan Kroll, N. Hasan","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94985","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cryogenic refrigeration and liquefaction systems require ultra-high purity refrigerants (helium, argon, hydrogen, etc.) for proper operation. Common contaminants in the refrigerant gases freeze at the operating temperatures of these systems, causing performance degradation of process equipment. Therefore, ultra-high purity refrigerant gas (1.0 ppmv or less contaminants) is often used. However, removal of low levels of moisture (10 ppmv or less) from the refrigerant gas is particularly challenging. Contaminant freeze-out processes in a specifically designed heat exchanger have the potential to achieve effective and efficient purification. Developing an understanding of the contaminant frost formation process is crucial for the proper design of an effective freeze-out heat exchanger. A transient computational model simulating formation and densification of frost on an isothermal cryogenic surface from a contaminated refrigerant gas stream has been developed. The mass and energy conservation equations are discretized and simultaneously solved to obtain the frost layer thickness and frost surface temperature. The model is validated using available experimental data for frost formation from a humid air stream. Several parameters, namely — contaminated gas stream pressure, surface temperature, flow Reynolds number, and carrier (refrigerant) gas affect the interaction between frost formation and densification. The effect of these parameters on the frost formation characteristics has been systematically studied using the developed numerical model. The developed model can be utilized to predict the freeze-out heat exchanger performance degradation and its moisture collection capacity.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating Aerodynamic Effects of Location and Orientation of Bicycles Mounted on Sedans","authors":"S. Goodrich, I. Perez-Raya","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94997","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Biking is a common activity, and many people want or need to drive their bike to different locations, necessitating a bike rack to easily transport it. Choosing a bike rack relies on cost, car type, and mounting ease. One of the aspects of choosing a rack that is less studied is the aerodynamics and effect on gas mileage and pollution. This paper describes the methods and results of simulations in ANSYS-Fluent, comparing the aerodynamics of different racks and bike positions on a car. Three simulations were done, one with just the car, one with a bike mounted on a roof rack, and one with a bike mounted on a trunk rack. After a mesh sensitivity analysis, determining a minimum mesh size, the three simulations were run with the same mesh and simulation settings to keep everything as similar as possible, with the geometries being the main difference between the simulations. Results were compared to similar simulations and values of the actual car. Results showed the car without bike as the most aerodynamic with a drag coefficient of 0.35, drag force of 335.8 N, and a gas mileage of 29 mpg, followed by the vehicle with the trunk rack with a drag coefficient of 0.37, drag force of 353 N, and gas mileage of 27.8 mpg, then the car with the roof rack with a drag coefficient of 0.40, drag force of 423 N, and gas mileage of 22.97 mpg. Overall, results show significant differences in the aerodynamic and environmental effects depending on the location and orientation of mounting a bike.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114734475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analysis of Interaction Between Reflected Shock Wave and Boundary Layers in a Shock Tube","authors":"Abdulmumin O. Olaoke, M. Molki","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study is a computational investigation of the interference between a reflected shock wave and the wall boundary layers formed by gas flow in a shock tube. Two gases, namely, Argon and Helium, are examined as the working fluid in each case at different pressure ratios. The present computations consider the viscous effects and implement turbulence through the Spalart-Allmaras model. The study observes and analyzes the non-ideal transient behavior in the shock tube. It also examines thermal effects and the shock bifurcation for two gases at different pressure ratios of 10 and 100. The present simulations explain the temperature distribution behind the bifurcated shock waves. The results show that the range of disturbance formation for each gas varies with pressure ratio. The outcomes of this study agree well with theoretical methods, which assume uniformity behind the reflected shock wave under ideal conditions. However, consistent with the past studies, this investigation confirms that reflected shock waves interact with the wall boundary layers, and bifurcation occurs. We noticed the gas pressure ratio plays a significant contribution to the tendency and strength of the bifurcation. The higher the pressure ratio, the faster the shock wave traveled, and the quicker the relative bifurcated foot velocities increased with the Mach number at that region. This research contributes and sheds light on the role of gas type and other parameters on the nature of the interaction between a traveling shock wave and a thin boundary layer. This investigation’s findings will benefit the supersonic compressible flow applications and experiments.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Whirling Arm for Water Droplet Erosion Testing Apparatus","authors":"Julia Behlmann, K. Anderson, S. Karimi","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95131","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Erosion on wind turbine blades due to falling water droplets cannot be quantitatively measured with modern methods of analysis. Initially, erosion caused by water droplets was ignored in wind turbine designs because the rotational speed did not reach the erosion threshold; with larger blades rotating at faster speeds, water droplet erosion generates concern in lowering the wind turbine’s overall efficiency, so the need for quantitative data is prevalent. In order to obtain this data, an experimental facility is being developed at the University of Tulsa. This facility allows for investigation into the phenomenon of water droplet erosion by allowing multiple parameters to be tested. Thus, a model can be developed to predict the erosion resistance of wind turbine blade materials under different conditions. An important part of this facility is the whirling arm apparatus which simulates the movement of wind turbine blades and is capable of reaching tip velocities up to 100 m/s. This paper considers different aspects of designing and developing the whirling arm, including the durability, corrosion resistance, and properties of the material, dynamic movement of the arm, beam deflection, vibration and resonance of the beam, and force of the water droplets. It is especially important to study the effect of water droplet impacts on the natural vibrations occurring within the system in multiple planes. The rotational motion of the apparatus causes the arm to deflect proportional to the moment generated by the motor, and the water droplets apply additional force in the same plane as the deflection. To explore the mode shapes of the system, computer simulations are being used to determine the theoretical range of speeds for operation. This range will then be tested with shakers installed along the arm of the apparatus to determine the mode shapes experimentally from the theoretical predictions. Through exploring the vibrations of the system both when water droplets are exciting the system and when they are not, the operating speeds of the apparatus to avoid resonance will be determined. Resonance occurs when the natural frequency of the system is reached, and a large amplitude is produced, making the system unstable. Exploring the mode shapes of this system determines if counterweights are needed to oppose the weight of the arm and coupon. Though, the effect of the counterweights on the drag force and the possible reduction of the arm speed should be considered as well. These considerations ensure the designed apparatus accurately and safely measures erosion on wind turbine blade material induced by water droplets.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123298977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Evaporator and Condenser Placement Configuration for Oscillating Heat Pipes","authors":"Osvaldo Castro, Kieran Wolk, Benjamin A. Furst, E. Sunada, Scott Roberts, T. Daimaru, Jim Kuo, J. Bellardo","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94326","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, we explore two different Oscillating Heat Pipe (OHP) evaporator-condenser placement configurations, and investigate and quantify the effects on thermal performance. The proposed study focuses on two different OHP evaporator-condenser configurations with a change in adiabatic length.\u0000 One of the challenges in OHP literature is the variety of experiment setups, (e.g. varying condenser, evaporator, and adiabatic lengths, heat input) which makes it difficult to compare results directly. To quantitatively compare thermal performance, a (or a set of) standardized metric(s) must be used. Therefore, we define a standardizing metric to quantify OHP’s ability to conduct heat that can be used across multiple experiments and setups.\u0000 This study was conducted on an additively manufactured flat-plate AlSi10Mg OHP which has a channel diameter of 1.4 mm, 22 turns, and a plate size of 200 mm × 90 mm × 4 mm. Both the evaporator and condenser are rectangles with contact areas of 46 mm by 78 mm. The OHP was charged with R134a with a 45% filling ratio. In these tests, the location of the evaporator was fixed, while the placement of the condenser is varied such that the adiabatic length ranged between 4 mm to 94 mm. The condenser temperature was maintained between 10°C to 25°C and the heat input ranged between 20W to 50W.\u0000 The results showed that a reduction in adiabatic length increased the thermal conductivity. To quantify the thermal performance, the thermal conductivities of an empty and charged OHP were determined for each placement configuration, then a thermal conductivity ratio of charged and empty OHP can be determined to quantify the improved performance. For an adiabatic length of 4 mm, we observed that the OHP’s ability to conduct heat was 40 times more effective when compared to an empty OHP. It was also observed that the OHP’s ability to conduct heat was 9 times more effective when compared to an empty OHP for an adiabatic length of 94 mm. We conclude that the area outside the evaporator-condenser that is neither heated nor cooled, called the reservoir, significantly influenced the thermal performance. The OHP with a shorter adiabatic length increased the reservoir in the condenser region which showed higher thermal performance. In this placement configuration, the reservoir essentially acted as an extension of the condenser. This is a favorable condition where the subcooled liquid slugs re-enter the condenser section which affects heat transfer drastically. Thus, the placement of the evaporator-condenser will influence OHP performance due to the reservoir and warrants future work.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic Analysis of a Car Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning","authors":"Xingchuan Ma","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96817","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The vehicle’s aerodynamic performance attracts increasing attention because it is critical to its power, fuel economy, and handling stability. Therefore, the aerodynamic analysis is one of the most essential components of car design. To develop new-generation energy-saving cars, this study investigates how the car shapes, especially the angle of the front and back windows, could affect a car’s aerodynamic performance. In particular, a computational fluid dynamics approach combined with a machine-learning algorithm is adopted to investigate the aforementioned problem and determine the optimal designs of a car. In this study, first, ANSYS Fluent is utilized to simulate the turbulent flows over 50 modeled two-dimensional cars with varying angles of front / back windows, followed by a case study on three-dimensional cars. The results show that the car shape could dramatically affect the aerodynamic performance of a car by changing the velocity and pressure fields near the wake region, leading to a reduction of the aerodynamic drag by up to 30%. Finally, using these simulation two-dimensional cars’ results as a training database, a machine learning-based algorithm is developed to predict the drag/lift coefficient quickly and thus find the optimal design.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"147 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125869926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}