{"title":"Absence of Consent","authors":"T. Macklem","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Consent has come to be the guardian and gatekeeper of significant elements of our personal integrity. Yet there remains uncertainty as to exactly what consent means. This paper argues that consent marks the divide between the active and the passive. We tend to assume that in our engagements with others, active and passive, there are only two possibilities, consent and non-consent, when in fact there are three. When an agent engages with a patient consent is vital, because the alternative is non-consent. When two people interact, however, consent has nothing to contribute. The law, for excellent reasons, ignores this nuance, so as to treat every absence of consent as non-consent. It does so in order to arm potential victims with a weapon for their protection. To grasp the full significance of that weapon, and to secure proper scrutiny of interaction in other settings, we need to be alive to the reality that the law dispenses with.","PeriodicalId":291716,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law Volume 4","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128005492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sources of Law","authors":"G. Pino","doi":"10.4324/9780203876817-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203876817-3","url":null,"abstract":"Oddly enough, very scant reference—if any—is made to the sources of law as a genuinely jurisprudential topic in contemporary legal philosophy. Yet, the jurisprudential import of the concept of ‘sources of law’ seems substantial: sources of law are what makes of something ‘a law’—a law is what is produced by, or derives from, a source of law. Sources epitomize the very ‘positivity’ of positive law, an aspect of law which is central to legal positivism of course, but whose importance not even a natural lawyer or an anti-positivist would ever deny. This essay highlights several jurisprudential questions that surround the sources of law, and tries to show they relate to–and contribute to illuminate–many long-debated jurisprudential topics such as the concept of legal validity, the notion and the conditions of existence of a legal system, the problem of legal change, and the scope of legal disagreements.","PeriodicalId":291716,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law Volume 4","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Against Accomplice Liability","authors":"Alex Kaiserman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Accomplice liability makes people guilty of crimes they knowingly helped or encouraged others to commit, even if they did not commit the crime themselves. But this method of criminalizing aiders and abettors is fraught with problems. In this chapter, I argue that accomplice liability in the criminal law should be replaced with a system in which agents are criminalized on the basis of their individual contributions to causings of harm—the larger the contribution, the more severe the crime—regardless of whether those contributions were made “through” the actions of another person. Not only would this avoid the issues associated with making the guilt of accomplices parasitic on the guilt of the principal, it would also fill gaps in the law concerning other cases to which accomplice liability does not apply.","PeriodicalId":291716,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law Volume 4","volume":"830 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123289399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silencing Without Uptake","authors":"K. Greasley","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Catharine MacKinnon has claimed that some pornography “silences” women. Some work in feminist analytical philosophy suggests it does so by depriving them of the capacity to perform certain speech acts, such as (and most prominently) the speech act of sexual refusal. This has been termed the silencing of “illocutionary disablement.” Critics object that this silencing claim involves a contentious thesis about the success conditions of speech acts such as sexual refusal: that the auditor’s comprehension, or “uptake,” of the speaker’s intent is required for the speech act to come off. I try to show that the illocutionary disablement claim can do without the uptake condition as it has heretofore been formulated. Even if audience uptake is not a success condition for each individual act of sexual refusal, reciprocity of a certain kind is still a condition of women’s continuing ability to engage the refusal illocution. When pornography disrupts the conditions for that reciprocity it will effectuate illocutionary disablement. I also consider whether the illocutionary disablement under consideration here is properly thought of as “silencing.”","PeriodicalId":291716,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law Volume 4","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126060394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Epistemic Commitments of Nondiscrimination","authors":"Deborah Hellman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848871.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"A commitment to nondiscrimination at times appears to require both that one not act in particular ways and that one not believe certain things. This is potentially troubling if one ought to believe what one has warrant to believe, and to the extent that one can take actions that affect what one comes to believe, one ought to do so with the aim of acquiring true beliefs. This article argues that current social controversies—like the debate over the memo by the Google employee which claimed that women are less suited for careers in technology fields—demonstrate that some defenders of norms of nondiscrimination understand these norms as including epistemic commitments. The article articulates what these epistemic commitments are, explores whether they can themselves be epistemically justified and, if not, situates the popular controversy in a philosophical debate about whether moral considerations properly encroach on epistemic norms.","PeriodicalId":291716,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law Volume 4","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132652057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}