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2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)最新文献

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Whispering Botnet Command and Control Instructions 窃窃私语僵尸网络命令和控制指令
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00014
Mathis Baden, C. F. Torres, Beltran Borja Fiz Pontiveros, R. State
{"title":"Whispering Botnet Command and Control Instructions","authors":"Mathis Baden, C. F. Torres, Beltran Borja Fiz Pontiveros, R. State","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Botnets are responsible for many large scale attacks happening on the Internet. Their weak point, which is usually targeted to take down a botnet, is the command and control infrastructure: the foundation for the diffusion of the botmaster's instructions. Hence, botmasters employ stealthy communication methods to remain hidden and retain control of the botnet. Recent research has shown that blockchains can be leveraged for under the radar communication with bots, however these methods incur fees for transaction broadcasting. This paper discusses the use of a novel technology, Whisper, for command and control instruction dissemination. Whisper allows a botmaster to control bots at virtually zero cost, while providing a peer-to-peer communication infrastructure, as well as privacy and encryption as part of its dark communication strategy. It is therefore well suited for bidirectional botnet command and control operations, and creating a botnet that is very difficult to take down.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Revelio: A MimbleWimble Proof of Reserves Protocol Revelio:一个MimbleWimble储量证明协议
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-5
Arijit Dutta, S. Vijayakumaran
{"title":"Revelio: A MimbleWimble Proof of Reserves Protocol","authors":"Arijit Dutta, S. Vijayakumaran","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-5","url":null,"abstract":"We reveal Revelio, a new privacy-preserving proof of reserves protocol for Grin exchanges. By design, Revelio allows the detection of collusion between exchanges while hiding the identities of the outputs owned by the exchange in a larger anonymity set of outputs.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132718014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Refinement and Verification of CBC Casper CBC Casper的改进与验证
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00008
Ryuya Nakamura, Takayuki Jimba, D. Harz
{"title":"Refinement and Verification of CBC Casper","authors":"Ryuya Nakamura, Takayuki Jimba, D. Harz","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Decentralised ledgers are a prime application case for consensus protocols. Changing sets of validators have to agree on a set of transactions in an asynchronous network and in the presence of Byzantine behaviour. Major research efforts focus on creating consensus protocols under such conditions, with proof-of-stake (PoS) representing a promising candidate. PoS aims to reduce the waste of energy inherent to proof-of-work (PoW) consensus protocols. However, a significant challenge is to get PoS protocols \"right\", i.e. ensure that they are secure w.r.t. safety and liveness. The \"Correct-by-Construction\" (CBC) Casper approach by the Ethereum project employs pen-and-paper proofs to ensure its security. CBC Casper is a framework to define consensus protocols and aims to prove safety without loss of abstractness. Each member of the CBC Casper family of protocols is defined by five parameters. CBC Casper models the protocol by a state of each validator and messages sent by validators. Each validator can transition its state using messages by other validators that include their current consensus value and a justification (i.e. their previous messages). We extend CBC Casper in three ways. First, we summarise the research of CBC Casper and extend the definitions of safety and liveness properties. To this end, we discuss an instance of CBC Casper called Casper The Friendly GHOST (TFG), a consensus protocol using a variant of the GHOST fork-choice rule. Second, we refine the properties of messages and states in CBC Casper and give a definition of blockchain safety for Casper TFG. Third, we formally verify the CBC Casper framework together with our refined message and state properties as well as our blockchain safety definition in the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
BitVis: An Interactive Visualization System for Bitcoin Accounts Analysis BitVis:一个用于比特币账户分析的交互式可视化系统
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-3
Yujing Sun, Hao Xiong, S. Yiu, Kwok-Yan Lam
{"title":"BitVis: An Interactive Visualization System for Bitcoin Accounts Analysis","authors":"Yujing Sun, Hao Xiong, S. Yiu, Kwok-Yan Lam","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-3","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging payment method, bitcoin is receiving growing popularity for the different characteristics it shares with conventional fiat currencies. But the pseudonymous nature of bitcoin brings difficulties for regulators to effectively monitor bitcoin-related financial crimes. In this paper, we present an interactive system to visualize the relationship between bitcoin accounts, namely BitVis. With BitVis, users can easily filter transactions on demand, interact with the transaction networks to look for useful information, and analyze behavior of bitcoin accounts. Via BitVis, financial regulators can conveniently track suspicious accounts, while personal investors can easily investigate the activities of an interested account.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
[Title page i] [标题页i]
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/cvcbt.2019.00001
{"title":"[Title page i]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/cvcbt.2019.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvcbt.2019.00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anti-Withholding Reward System to Secure Blockchain Mining Pools 保护区块链矿池的反扣缴奖励系统
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00004
Arijet Sarker, Simeon Wuthier, Sang-Yoon Chang
{"title":"Anti-Withholding Reward System to Secure Blockchain Mining Pools","authors":"Arijet Sarker, Simeon Wuthier, Sang-Yoon Chang","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00004","url":null,"abstract":"In decentralized blockchain systems such as Bitcoin, the miners are rewarded for generating new blocks and processing the transactions. In order to reduce the reward variance, the miners join mining pools where the miners aggregate their computational resources and divide the reward according to their contributions, measured by shares. The miner-based attacks such as Block Withholding (BWH) and Fork After Withholding (FAW) yield unfair reward advantages to the attackers at the expense of the other honest miners by having the attackers withhold blocks while still submitting the shares and pretending to contribute to the victim pool. This paper introduces Anti-Withholding Reward System (AWRS) to prevent FAW and BWH attacks. Implemented at the pool manager (reducing the adoption overhead and supporting backward-compatibility), AWRS deprives the incentive for FAW and BWH attacks by providing greater rewards to the block submissions. AWRS completely disincentivizes the FAW attack and reduces the optimal attacker's behavior to honest mining, making the withholding-based threats irrelevant for rational miners.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122550846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
FastProxy: Hardware and Software Acceleration of Stratum Mining Proxy FastProxy:地层开采代理的硬件和软件加速
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00013
G. Zhong, Haris Javaid, Hassaan Saadat, Lingchao Xu, Chengchen Hu, G. Brebner
{"title":"FastProxy: Hardware and Software Acceleration of Stratum Mining Proxy","authors":"G. Zhong, Haris Javaid, Hassaan Saadat, Lingchao Xu, Chengchen Hu, G. Brebner","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00013","url":null,"abstract":"The Stratum protocol is the de facto protocol for mining proxies in proof-of-work (PoW) based cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. A Stratum mining proxy connects to an upstream mining pool server and to downstream miners through TCP/IP connections. The proxy receives periodic jobs from the pool and broadcasts them to the miners. The broadcast operation becomes a performance and scalability bottleneck when the number of miners increases significantly. In this paper, we propose a hardware/software co-designed architecture for the proxy to accelerate the broadcast of periodic jobs. We customize the Stratum protocol with a layer 2 broadcast mechanism instead of using TCP/IP connections. The proposed architecture is implemented on a Xilinx Zynq SoC (ARM processor and FPGA) board where the layer 2 broadcast mechanism is offloaded on the FPGA. Our experiments demonstrated a speedup of 2079x in transmission time with 225 miners connected to the proxy, compared to an implementation on an Intel i7 server.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133639794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
[Publisher's information] (发布者的信息)
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/cvcbt.2019.00017
{"title":"[Publisher's information]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/cvcbt.2019.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvcbt.2019.00017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116439860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Blockchain Proxy for Lightweight IoT Devices 轻量级物联网设备的区块链代理
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00015
G. Dittmann, J. Jelitto
{"title":"A Blockchain Proxy for Lightweight IoT Devices","authors":"G. Dittmann, J. Jelitto","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.00015","url":null,"abstract":"IoT devices are quickly becoming a critical source of information about the physical world considered in business processes. Blockchains are a promising platform for such processes if they involve multiple parties with no shared, commonly trusted IT infrastructure. Transacting with a blockchain, however, requires software whose footprint overwhelms many lightweight IoT devices. In this paper we introduce the concept of a blockchain proxy to which an IoT device can offload a large part of this software footprint. The proxy only requires a slim proxy SDK on the device that holds a regular blockchain identity with its own private key, retaining full control of the transactions in the device. We discuss security implications and present cold-chain monitoring as a use case. Preliminary results show significant savings in CPU time and communication bandwidth for the IoT device.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125120500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
SATOS: Storage Agnostic Tokens over Opaque and Substructural Types SATOS:基于不透明和子结构类型的存储不可知令牌
2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-4
Markus Knecht, B. Stiller
{"title":"SATOS: Storage Agnostic Tokens over Opaque and Substructural Types","authors":"Markus Knecht, B. Stiller","doi":"10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVCBT.2019.000-4","url":null,"abstract":"Public blockchains in support of Smart Contracts (SC), like Ethereum enable everyone to represent scarce, valuable resources (like cryptocurrencies) as so-called tokens. Token issuing and management was the first blockchain use case. However, programming languages and runtime systems used in the current blockchains for their SCs lack a secure and straightforward way to implement and handle tokens. The unnecessary complexity in doing so can lead to erroneous implementation of tokens and applications built on top of these, including the loss or theft of tokens as it happened. The most known attack was \"TheDAO\" attack which led to the \"loss\" of tokens, valued at that time at approximately 60 M US Dollar. A better and secure token representation directly embedded into a SC runtime and SC programming language could prevent loss of tokens. Thus this paper presents an approach including parts of a programming language using it. The core of the model is to use opaque and substructural data types together with an onchain soundness checker to generically represent tokens securely as values similar to integers and booleans. Such opaque data types enforce that only a designated piece of code can create values of that type. The substructural data types allow arbitrary values to express scarcity by preventing the duplication and elimination of values. The on-chain soundness checker ensures that the deployed code does not violate guarantees given by the type system, which includes opaque and substructural data types.","PeriodicalId":289955,"journal":{"name":"2019 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130392374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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