C. Micheloni, L. Snidaro, Ingrid Visentini, G. Foresti
{"title":"Sensor Bandwidth Assignment through Video Annotation","authors":"C. Micheloni, L. Snidaro, Ingrid Visentini, G. Foresti","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.102","url":null,"abstract":"The state of the art of surveillance systems include a large set of techniques for both low level and high level tasks. In particular, the research community has witnessed in the last decade a high proliferation of techniques that span from object detection and tracking to object recogni- tion and event understanding. Although some techniques have been proven to be very effective those tasks cannot be considered solved. Although more effort is needed in the event analysis field, a new problem arises from the develop- ment of large scale networked surveillance systems: infor- mation sharing. The way information is shared between the nodes of the surveillance network today represents a key- point issue. To provide a first and novel solution to such a problem, we propose an innovative system architecture for a video surveillance system with distributed processing over multiple processing units and with distributed communica- tion over multiple heterogeneous channels (wireless, satel- lite, local IP networks, etc.). In particular, a new real-time technique for changing the video transmission parameters (e.g., frame rate, spatial/color resolution, etc.) according to the bandwidth available will be here presented.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125518433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Validated Method for Dense Non-rigid 3D Face Registration","authors":"J. Tena, M. Hamouz, A. Hilton, J. Illingworth","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.15","url":null,"abstract":"Deformable surface fitting methods have been widely used to establish dense correspondence across different 3D objects of the same class. Dense correspondence is a critical step in constructing morphable face models for face recognition. In this paper a mainstream method for constructing dense correspondences is evaluated on 912 3D face scans from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge FRGC V1 database. A number of modifications to the standard deformable surface approach are introduced to overcome limitations identified in the evaluation. Proposed modifications include multi-resolution fitting, adaptive correspondence search range and enforcing symmetry constraints. The modified deformable surface approach is validated on the 912 FRGC 3D face scans and is shown to overcome limitations of the standard approach which resulted in gross fitting errors. The modified approach halves the rms fitting error with 98% of points within 0.5mm of their true position compared to 67% with the standard approach.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116420302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Random Field Model for Improved Feature Extraction and Tracking","authors":"Xiao-Tong Yuan, S. Li","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel method for illumination-invariant and contrast preserving feature extraction, aimed at improving performance of tracking under complex light condition. Features to be extracted are represented as a weight field. An energy function of the field is defined as an approximate variance in robust statistics. A simple non-linear iterative rule is derived to compute the optimal field. The optimal field is shown to be invariant to global illumination switching, and preserving target/background contrast. We incorporate the feature extraction method into a mean-shift tracker and this achieves reliable results on real-world sequences in complex scenes and varying illumination.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"1682 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130852607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangjian He, Huaifeng Zhang, N. Hur, Jinwoong Kim, Qiang Wu, Taeone Kim
{"title":"Estimation of Internal and External Parameters for Camera Calibration Using 1D Pattern","authors":"Xiangjian He, Huaifeng Zhang, N. Hur, Jinwoong Kim, Qiang Wu, Taeone Kim","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.48","url":null,"abstract":"Camera calibration is to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera. Most of object-based calibration methods used 3D or 2D pattern. A novel and more flexible 1D object-based calibration was introduced only a couple of years ago, but merely for estimation of intrinsic parameters. The estimation of extrinsic papers is essential when multiple cameras are involved for simultaneously taking images from different view angles and when the knowledge of relative locations between the cameras is required. Though it is relatively simple using 2D or 3D calibration pattern, the estimation of extrinsic parameters is not obvious using 1D pattern. In this paper, we will perform a 1D camera calibration involving both intrinsic and extrinsic parameters.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"472 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133356243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generic Object Recognition Using a Combination of ICA and Shape Cues","authors":"Manisha Kalra, Sukhendu Das, A. Datta","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.52","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of Generic Object Recognition by modeling the perceptual capability of human beings. In contrast to the traditional approaches, we have approached the recognition problem by proposing a framework which involves two stages of processing. First, an intelligent generic recognizer based on independent component analysis (ICA) is employed to reduce the search space to a few rank-ordered samples. It is shown that ICA captures the appearance characteristics of objects. Shape cues (distance transform based matching) are then used to verify the result of the appearance-based classifier and identify the correct object class and pose. Experiments were conducted using objects with complex appearance and shape characteristics. Sensitivity of recognition to the number of independent components and number of learning samples is analyzed on COIL-100 database. The performance of the generic classifier using ICA with and without shape matching is also analyzed.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128960850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring Skin Topographic Structures through Capacitance Image Analysis","authors":"A. Bevilacqua, A. Gherardi, R. Guerrieri","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.74","url":null,"abstract":"In dermatology and in cosmetic science, the detailed analysis of the skin surface is still a key requirement to evaluate the effectiveness of medical or cosmetic treatments. Nowadays, the assessment of skin surface topographic structures such as wrinkles or micro-relief 3D profile is mainly obtained by profilometric analysis. Even though such an analysis gives a high level of detail, it is not suitable for in vivo studies since it requires the use of silicone cast replica of the skin. However, in the last few years a portable capacitive device has been proposed for in vivo skin topography characterization. This work presents the method we have developed to assess the capability of the capacitive device to provide reliable absolute measures of the skin surface structures. Extensive experiments carried out by comparing the measures achieved by means of the capacitive device and an optical profilometer allow us to validate our method.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129573545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near- and Far- Infrared Imaging for Vein Pattern Biometrics","authors":"Lingyu Wang, G. Leedham","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.80","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates two infrared imaging technologies, far-infrared thermography and near-infrared imaging, to acquire hand vein pattern images for biometric purposes. The imaging principles for both technologies are studied in depth. Experiments involving data acquisition from various parts of hand, including the back of the hand, palm, and wrist are described using a population of 150 participants using both near and far infrared imaging techniques. Comparison and analysis of the data collected show that far-infrared thermography has difficulties in capturing vein images in the palm, and wrist. However, while it is more suitable for capturing the large veins in the back of the hand, it is sensitive to ambient conditions and human body condition and does not provide a stable image quality. On the other hand, near-infrared imaging produces good quality images when capturing vein patterns in the back of the hand, palm, and wrist. It is more tolerant to changes in environmental and body condition, but it also faces the problem of disruption due to skin features such as hairs and line patterns. An initial vein pattern biometric system is implemented. The results show that all the test subjects can be correctly identified.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129558112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Motion Models in Super-Resolving Surveillance Video for Face Recognition","authors":"Frank Lin, C. Fookes, V. Chandran, S. Sridharan","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.113","url":null,"abstract":"Although the use of super-resolution techniques has demonstrated the ability to improve face recognition accuracy when compared to traditional upsampling techniques, they are difficult to implement for real-time use due to their complexity and high computational demand. As a large portion of processing time is dedicated to registering the lowresolution images, many have adopted global motion models in order to improve efficiency. The drawback of such global models is that they can not accommodate for complex local motions, such as multiple objects moving independently across and static or dynamic background as frequently occurs in a surveillance environment. Local methods like optical flow can compensate for these situations, although it is achieved at the expense of computation time. In this paper, experiments have been carried out to investigate how motion models of different super-resolution reconstruction algorithms affect reconstruction error and face recognition rates in a surveillance environment. Results show that lower reconstruction error doesn't necessarily imply better recognition rates and the use of local motion models yields better recognition rates than global motion models.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129583359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feature Modelling of PCA Difference Vectors for 2D and 3D Face Recognition","authors":"C. McCool, Jamie Cook, V. Chandran, S. Sridharan","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.50","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the the effectiveness of feature modelling to conduct 2D and 3D face recognition. In particular, PCA difference vectors are modelled using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) which describe Intra-Personal (IP) and Extra-Personal (EP) variations. Two classifiers, an IP and IPEP classifier, are formed using these GMMs and their performance is compared to that of the Mahalanobis cosine metric (MahCosine). The best results for the 2D and 3D face modalities are obtained with the IP and IPEP classifiers respectively. The multi-modal fusion of these two systems provided consistent performance improvement across the FRGC database v2.0.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123588944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data Fusion and Confidence Measure in Image Feature Detection","authors":"Qiuyu Zhu, Sujuan Huang","doi":"10.1109/AVSS.2006.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.38","url":null,"abstract":"The data fusion approaches for uncorrelated and correlated data are carried out in image feature detection, which integrate information of the same feature based on multiple methods using a statistical approach. Validity of the scheme and properties of the fused data are discussed. A confidence measure is defined, and applied to evaluate credibility of the result. The technique can be used to reduce adverse effects of individual feature detection errors, and improve the rate of pattern recognition. Examples of facial canthus detection and the corresponding confidence levels are presented.","PeriodicalId":289876,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128816522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}