Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine最新文献

{"title":"Productivity of cows depending on environmental conditions, genotype and linear affiliation","authors":"S. Voitenko","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.45-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.45-55","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research on the current state and productivity of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle in the natural and climatic zones of the Forest-Steppe, Polissya and Steppe of Ukraine, belonging of cattle to the relevant genealogical formations and productivity of cows of the same lines, but in different influence of conditional blood of Holstein breed on manifestation of milk productivity of cows of different zones of their operation. \u0000Studies of the condition and productivity were conducted on breeding animals in 141 controlled herds of three natural and climatic zones, taking into account the geographical division of the territory of Ukraine. To study the milk productivity of cows, depending on their heredity by Holstein animal breed was divided into 6 genotypic groups for each natural and climatic zone. Significant differentiation of cattle of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed by area, purebredness, economic and useful features depending on environmental conditions has been clarified. The main livestock of the breed is concentrated in the Forest-Steppe zone, the highest milk yield is characterized by cows in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zone. Among the diversity of cattle of different linear affiliation and range common to all natural and climatic zones are the lines of Bell 1667366, Valiant 1650414, J. Besna 5694028588, Elevation 1491007, Marshall 2290977, Starbuck 352790 and Chief Chifane obtaining the same milk productivity in different conditions of their maintenance. There is no clear increase or decrease in milk productivity of cows depending on the value of conditional blood of Holstein breed in their genotype with certain differences in each natural and climatic zone of animal exploitation. \u0000The amount of milk for I-III lactation by 2.7; 2.4 and 2.2%, and the amount of milk fat by 1.6; 1.6 and 1.9%, respectively, depended on the heredity of the Holstein breed. The influence of the factor of natural and climatic zone of keeping cows on milking of the first – third lactation was 0.01 – 0.05 %, and the amount of milk fat 0.3 - 0.5%.","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125644049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn hybrids for special purpose for livestock needs","authors":"B. V. Dzyubetskyi","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.88-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.88-97","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids are one of the most common classes of plant pigments, which are used for the prevention of diseases in humans and animals and have wide prospects for use in clinical practice. The article describes the results of the selection of corn hybrids with an increased content of vitamins of the carotenoid complex. The content of carotenoids in the seeds of hybrids registered in Ukraine was determined, and the crtRB1 gene was identified, which is one of the key factors in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and is associated with their accumulation in the endosperm of corn. Three polymorphic regions of this gene were identified as carotenogenesis markers. According to the analysis, an allele favorable for the accumulation of β-carotene was found in DK253ЗСЗМ lines; DK 633/266zS, zM; DK 366zS, zM. \u0000The technology for obtaining silage-type corn hybrids has been developed using inter-subspecies crossings and obtaining siliceous-sugar and tooth-like-sugar forms, which, with all other positive indicators, increases the fat content in the silage mass by 0.7 %. For the introduction of silage corn to the north, highly cold-resistant samples with a reduced seeding rate of loose corn with tooth-shaped and flinty corn were involved in hybridization. \u0000The results of genetic and selection work in crop production create a powerful fodder base for the revival of animal husbandry and, on this basis, strengthen Ukraine's food security, which contributes to the health and longevity of the nation.","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122236057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and cheese suitability of milk of cows of different breeds","authors":"S. Ruban, O. Borshch, O. O. Borshch, M. Fedorchenko","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.56-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.56-61","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to compare the quality of milk and its suitability for processing into cheese in cows of the local Ukrainian black-and-white dairy (UBW) breed and their crossbreeds with the Swiss breed. The research was conducted on a commercial farm in Vinnytsia region. The first farm keeps purebred cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed and crossbreeds of the first generation obtained as a result of crossing with the Brown Swiss breed. Two groups (purebred and local) analog cows were formed with 20 heads each. It was found that crossbreeding had a positive effect on the content of fat and protein in milk in crossbreeds UBW and Brown Swiss cows, these values were 0.21 and 0.13% higher than in purebred cows. At the same time, the crossbreeds lost some of their productivity - the average daily yield of UBW and Brown Swiss cows was 1.83 kg lower than that of purebred counterparts. The crossbreeds of UBW and Brown Swiss cows were dominated by purebred analogues in terms of energy value of 1 kg of milk and theoretically possible yield of rennet cheese by 0.141 MJ and 0.53 kg. The duration of the coagulation phase of milk obtained from crossbred cows was shorter than that of purebred analogues: in crossbreeds of UBW and Brown Swiss cows by 1.23 minutes. Samples of milk obtained from crossbreeds had the highest class on the characteristics of the rennet clot. Out of 20 studied samples of milk of UBW cows of breed 15 samples (75%) are referred to I and 5 (25%) - to II class; in the milk of UBW and Brown Swiss breeds of cows 17 (85%) - up to I and 3 (15%) - up to II class.","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115110379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of cows milk productivity traits depending on origin of father and country of selection","authors":"Y. Fedorovych, V. Fedorovych, M. Kuziv","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.36-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.36-44","url":null,"abstract":"A number of specialized dairy breeds of intensive type have been created in Ukraine, among which the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy farm occupies a prominent place. Currently, the improvement of this breed is carried out by using various breeding techniques with a focus on achieving maximum milk productivity of cows, improving milk quality, body type, health, stress resistance and prolonging productive longevity. \u0000The aim of the research was to investigate the formation of signs of milk productivity of cows depending on the origin of the father and the country of his selection. \u0000The researches have been conducted on bred heifers and mature cows (third lactation) of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the State Enterprise \"Alexandrovske\" in Vinnytsia region. The traits of milk productivity (yields, fat content in milk and quantity of milk fat ) were studied for the last 10 years by retrospective analysis of bred heifers and mature cows (3-rd lactation), theoretically substantiated and proven feasibility of the study variability of these traits and their intergroup differentiation depending on the father’s origin and the countries of its selection, the consideration and application of which in the selection process will support creating of highly productive competitive herds of dairy cattle. The research showed the great influence of the origin of the father and the country of its selection on the variability of milk yield, fat content in milk and cows’ milk fat yield. \u0000It was found that the cows of the controlled herd were characterized by quite high indicators of milk productivity: the yields of bred heifers – 6115, mature cows - 6899 kg. The descendants of the bull Jorin 114414759 were the most productive during the first lactation (milk yield - 6936 kg, milk fat - 248.9 kg), and for the third - the daughters of the breeder Detective 349159846 (8148 and 295.2 kg respectively). The descendants of breeding bulls of German selection gave the most milk and milk fat quantity for the studied lactations (6269- 7014 and 224.8-250.3 kg, respectively). At the same time, the daughters of Canadian breeders gave the most fat- milk yield for the first lactation (3.66%), and for the third lactation – the daughters of the Dutch bulls (3.59%). \u0000Breeding bulls had a more significant influence on the traits of milk productivity (depending on lactation 13.1-31.8%), the country of their selection – much smaller (0.9-11.9%). In this regard, these factors had the greatest impact on milk yields, and the least - on the fat content in milk.","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116883047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION OF PHENOTYPICAL FEATURES OF BULLS OF IMPORTED MEAT BREEDS OF DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ORIGIN IN THE STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"V. Kozyr","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.6-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.6-12","url":null,"abstract":"To studied the meat productivity of bulls of Men-Anjou, Kian and Santa Gertrude breeds in the Experimental Farm “Polyvanivka” of SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. Growing condition, keeping technology, level of feeding were the same. Up to 18 months, animals were kept loose, and later – on a leash. The diet was balanced according to the norm of A-UIL traditional forages for Steppe zone. Animals were slaughtered at 18, 24 and 30 months of age by 5 bulls from each group. The studies used zootechnical, biological, analytical, biochemical, morphological, biometric methods. \u0000It is proved that in order to make more efficient use of livestock and obtain high-quality competitive beef to improve the supply of meat to the population, it is advisable to grow bulls up to 2.5 years of age. At the same time, clinical indicators and indicators of animals’ blood biochemistry were normal. In terms of growth energy and feed conversion at all ages, Men-Anjou dominates, bulls reach a weight of 600 kg (or more) earlier than other peers due to the massiveness and habitus of their body, they have a greater mass of carcasses, internal fat, offal and skin, resulting in higher slaughter yield. The differences in the coefficient of meat, chemical composition of beef, and its culinary and taste qualities are insignificant. Under the conditions of the Ukrainian steppe, bulls of Men-Anjou, Kian and Santa Gertruda breeds showed productive and slaughter qualities characteristic of their genotypes during the formation of phenotypic traits. Imported breeds can be a source of genetic diversity in the development of beef cattle breeding in Ukraine. \u0000The beef of all studied bulls’ breeds meets is in a widely commercial demand. These breed of bulls steady pass on their positive traits to offspring, which can be used in the formation of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ukraine. Raising animals of the Men-Anjou, Kian and Santa Gertrude breeds up to 2.5 years of age will increase the production of high-quality beef in order to improve the supply of meat to the population and strengthen the country's food security.","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123460239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular markers of cytotoxicity induced with copper-contained pesticides","authors":"V. Nedzvetsky, D. Masiuk","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.130-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.130-140","url":null,"abstract":"The applying copper sulphate is a cheap, however it leads to global the environment contamination. Especially, the contamination of the water sources is crucial for fish harvesting and farming. The copper contamination in some areas are caused by decades. The impact of copper ions is dependent on the inhibition of invasive aquatic plants, many microorganisms and protozoa. The family of copper-contained chemicals is frequently used as algaecides in swimming pools. Despite the copper ions are well known as a high toxic for fish in freshwater ponds, the copper sulphate remains one of the prevalent pesticides in fish farming everywhere. High cytotoxicity and accumulation of the copper ions in the sediments require studying and calculation of the optimal dosage to use it as an antiseptic agent that should prevent the detrimental effect in various tissue types of aquatic organisms. The main depicted mechanism, which is associated with cytotoxicity is the generation of oxidative stress. \u0000Neural tissue cells are extremely susceptible to oxidative damages. Neural damaging is important cause of the CNS disfunction as well as is the critic to the organism vitality. Glial cells maintain the structure and many vital functions of neuronal cells. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), transcriptional nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are critic regulators in a cell response to the environment toxicity. Based on this fact, it could be applied as the boimarkers of heavy metal toxicity. In presented study, we investigated the effects of copper ions on PARP, NF-kB, and GFAP expression in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain tissue. For 96 hours the fishes were exposed to the copper sulphate sublethal concentrations 380 µg/L, estimated as 1/4 of the LC50 value. Western blot analysis of GFAP, NF-kB and PARP was used to assess further effects in the brain tissue. \u0000The modulatory effect of copper ions on the expression of GFAP was detected in fish brain. Reciprocal changes were observed in respect with 24 hours exposure in compare to both 48 hours and 96 hours treatment. Obtained results demonstrated meaningful disturbance in the expression of transcriptional factor NF-kB in the brain of fish group exposed to copper in compare to control group. Furthermore, the time-depended effect in a range 24 – 96 hours was detected. However, the short time exposure to copper ions initiated no effect in fish group treated 24 hours while in compare to both 48 hours and 96 hours treatment. The similar changes of PARP content in the brain of fish were determined as well. It deserves to be mentioned that all of aforementioned changes of GFAP, NF-kB and PARP expression were accompanied by increasing in reactive oxygen species content. Thus, copper ions cytotoxic effect could be initiated with oxidative injury in a brain tissue. \u0000On the other hand, the observed effect of copper in the fish brain evidence","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130641248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of stress resistance on technological and productive qualities of cows","authors":"O. Chernenko, O. I. Chernenko, R. Sanzhara","doi":"10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.13-21","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the research results on the level of stress resistance influence on technological indicators of udder, component structure of milk and reproductive ability of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows. The relevance and practical significance of the research is in fact that only constitutionally strong and stress-resistant animals can be healthy and high-producing. The scientific novelty is resulted in the study of energy characteristics of cows and fluctuations in the component composition of milk of different stress-resistant cows at different times of the day. \u0000The method of dividing cows into groups was used taking into account the minutely milk flow during milking cows by \"unfamiliar milkmaid\". The level of inhibition of the lactation reflex caused by sudden changes of milking conditions was determined, in particular, pre-milking udder preparation and milking cows by an \"unfamiliar milkmaid\", i.e. an experimenter, which can cause retardation of the lactation reflex. Due to the formation of experimental groups from half-sibling cows, the variability of indicators based on the influence of genetic factors is minimized. \u0000It is established that stress-resistant cattle are more technological and productive. Factorial analysis revealed the effect of stress resistance on the functional parameters of the udder of cows. It was found that the impact factor is 27.60% on the duration of milking (P> 0.99), 55.66% on milking during the first minute (P> 0.999), 25.53% on milking during the first three minutes (P> 0.99), 40.40% on the average milking rate (P> 0.999), 32.52% on the maximum milking rate (P> 0.999), and 69.57% on the intensity factor of milk flow inhibition (P> 0.999). The qualitative composition of milk under the influence of technological stress has changed in both experimental groups. However, acute fluctuations were observed in stress-sensitive cows in terms of fat milk yield by 0.11%, protein milk yield by 0.08% and dry matter content by 0.11%, compared to stress-resistant peers. Stress-resistant animals released more energy with milk by 4.03 MJ per day (12.6%; P> 0.999); they had a higher energy index by 3.26% (P> 0.99), spent less energy on synthesis of milk with energy value of 1 MJ by 0.19 MJ (8.3%; P> 0.95) and released more energy with milk per 1 kg of metabolic mass by 0.038 MJ (12.1%; P> 0.99).","PeriodicalId":289036,"journal":{"name":"Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132725384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}