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PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association最新文献

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Pluralism, Normative Naturalism, and Biological Taxonomy 多元主义、规范自然主义与生物分类学
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192949
Marc Ereshefsky
{"title":"Pluralism, Normative Naturalism, and Biological Taxonomy","authors":"Marc Ereshefsky","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192949","url":null,"abstract":"Several authors have argued for taxonomic pluralism in biology -the position that there is a plurality of equally legitimate classifications of the organic world. Others have objected that such pluralism boils down to a position of anything goes. This paper offers a response to the anything goes objection by showing how one can be a discerning pluralist. In particular, methodological standards for choosing taxonomic projects are derived using Laudan's normative naturalism. This paper also sheds light on why taxonomic pluralism occurs in biology as well as illustrates the usefulness of normative naturalism.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Dissolution of the Problem of Locality 地方性问题的消解
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192920
S. Saunders
{"title":"A Dissolution of the Problem of Locality","authors":"S. Saunders","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192920","url":null,"abstract":"Debates over the significance of the particle concept, and the problem of locality-how do we represent localized phenomena?-appear to presuppose that particles and observed phenomena are things rather than events. Well-known theorems (Hergerfelt, Reeh-Schlieder), and a recent variant of Hergerfelt's theorem due to David Malement, present a problem of locality only given the tacit appeal to the concept of thing, in fact an individual, in a sense contrary to particle indistinguishability. There is no difficulty with the particle concept per se, but it is a global construction more than one step removed from events actually observed, which are represented by local integrals over self-adjoint field densities.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117143295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Discourse, Practice, Context: From HPS to Interdisciplinary Science Studies 话语、实践、语境:从HPS到跨学科科学研究
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192950
A. Wylie
{"title":"Discourse, Practice, Context: From HPS to Interdisciplinary Science Studies","authors":"A. Wylie","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192950","url":null,"abstract":"There seems the prospect, at this juncture, of articulating programs of research in science studies that will be genuinely interdisciplinary, integrating philosophical, historical, and sociological/anthropological interests in science. This introduction describes the rationale for the symposium, \"Discourse, Practice, Context,\" to which four contributors were invited whose work across disciplinary boundaries puts them in a position to take stock of these initiatives and their impact on existing disciplinary practice.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"9 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116957686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Poincare on Mathematics, Intuition and the Foundations of Science 庞加莱论数学、直觉和科学基础
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192931
Janet Folina
{"title":"Poincare on Mathematics, Intuition and the Foundations of Science","authors":"Janet Folina","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192931","url":null,"abstract":"In his first philosophy book, Science and Hypothesis, Poincare provides a picture in which the different sciences are arranged in a hierarchy. Arithmetic is the most general of all the sciences because it is presupposed by all the others. Next comes mathematical magnitude, or the analysis of the continuum, which presupposes arithmetic; and so on. Poincare's basic view was that experiment in science depends on fixing other concepts first. More generally, certain concepts must be fixed before others: hence the hierarchy. This paper attempts to dissolve some potential problems regarding Poincare's hierarchy. One is an apparent epistemological circularity in the hierarchy. A more serious problem regarding the epistemology of analysis is also addressed.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"262 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116841121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Retrieving the Point of the Realism-Instrumentalism Debate: Mach vs. Planck on Science Education Policy 重拾现实主义与工具主义之争:马赫与普朗克的科学教育政策
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193025
S. Fuller
{"title":"Retrieving the Point of the Realism-Instrumentalism Debate: Mach vs. Planck on Science Education Policy","authors":"S. Fuller","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193025","url":null,"abstract":"I aim to recover some of the original cultural significance that was attached to the realism-instrumentalism debate (RID) when it was hotly contested by professional scientists in the decades before World War I. Focusing on the highly visible Mach-Planck exchange of 1908-13, I show that arguments about the nature of scientific progress were used to justify alternative visions of science education. Among the many issues revealed in the exchange are realist worries that instrumentalism would subserve science entirely to human interests, as well as instrumentalist worries that realism could become the basis of a science-based religion. I conclude by addressing some issues relating to RID that are now occluded because of Planck's triumph over Mach.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121910539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The Super Bowl and the Ox-Phos Controversy: "Winner-Take-All" Competition in Philosophy of Science 超级碗与Ox-Phos之争:科学哲学中的“赢者通吃”竞赛
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193008
D. Allchin
{"title":"The Super Bowl and the Ox-Phos Controversy: \"Winner-Take-All\" Competition in Philosophy of Science","authors":"D. Allchin","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193008","url":null,"abstract":"Several diagrams and tables from review articles during the Ox-Phos Controversy serve as an occasion to assess the nature of competition in models of theory choice in science. Many models follow \"Super-Bowl\" principles of polar, either-or, winner-take-all competition. A significant alternative highlighted by this episode, however, is the differentiation of domains. Incommensurability and the partial divergence of overlapping domains serve both as signals and context for shifting frameworks of competition. Appropriate strategies may thus help researchers diagnose the status of competition and shape their research accordingly.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123977562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Spacetime and Holes 时空和空穴
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193017
Carolyn Brighouse
{"title":"Spacetime and Holes","authors":"Carolyn Brighouse","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193017","url":null,"abstract":"John Earman and John Norton have argued that substantivalism leads to a radical form of indeterminism within local spacetime theories. I compare their argument to more traditional arguments typical in the Relationist/Substantivalist dispute and show that they all fail for the same reason. All these arguments ascribe to the substantivalist a particular way of talking about possibility. I argue that the substantivalist is not committed to the modal claims required for the arguments to have any force, and show that this naturally leads to an alteration in the way determinism is characterized for local spacetime theories.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116411361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 76
Shifting Frames: From Divided to Distributed Psychologies of Scientific Agents 转移的框架:从分裂到分布的科学主体心理
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192940
P. Taylor
{"title":"Shifting Frames: From Divided to Distributed Psychologies of Scientific Agents","authors":"P. Taylor","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192940","url":null,"abstract":"I characterize and then complicate Solomon, Thagard and Goldman's framing of the issue of integrating cognitive and social factors in explaining science. I sketch a radically different framing which distributes the mind beyond the brain, embodies it, and has that mind-body-person become, as s/he always is, an agent acting in a society. I also find problems in Solomon's construal of multivariate statistics, Thagard's analogies for multivariate analysis, and Goldman's faith in the capacity of the community of users of scientific method to home in on true beliefs.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Spectrometers as Analogues of Nature 光谱仪是自然界的类似物
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193019
D. Rothbart
{"title":"Spectrometers as Analogues of Nature","authors":"D. Rothbart","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193019","url":null,"abstract":"The success of chemistry is directly credited to the capacity of instruments to provide human contact to the structures of physical reality. Empiricist philosophers have given scant attention to instruments as a separate topic of inquiry on the grounds that reliability of instruments is reducible to the epistemology of common sense experience. I argue that the reliability of many modern instruments is based on their design as analogical replication of natural systems. Scientists designed absorption spectrometers as artificial technological replicas of familiar physical systems. Such designs are generated by analogical projections of theoretical insights from known physical systems to unknown terrain. Instrumentation enables scientists to extend theoretical understanding to previously hidden domains. After exploring this analogical function of instruments, the nature of instrumental data is discussed, followed by an explicit rejection of both skepticism and naive realism. In the end I argue for an experimental realism which lacks any theory-neutral access to the fundamental analogies of nature.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126796928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What Are Quanta, and Why Does It Matter? 什么是量子，为什么它很重要?
PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192918
N. Huggett
{"title":"What Are Quanta, and Why Does It Matter?","authors":"N. Huggett","doi":"10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.2.192918","url":null,"abstract":"I criticize a certain view of the 'quanta' of quantum mechanics that sees them as fundamentally non-atomistic and fundamentally significant for our understanding of quantum fields. In particular, I have in mind work by Redhead and Teller (1991, 1992 and Teller 1990). I prove that classical particles do not have the rather strong flavour of identity often associated with them; permuting positions and momenta does not produce distinct states. I show that even the label free excitation formalism is compatible with a mild form of atomism. Finally, I summarise some of the principle objections to an 'oscillator' interpretation of quantum fields.","PeriodicalId":288090,"journal":{"name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123077342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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