2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of temporal variability of measured and modeled vertical distributions of salinity and temperature in the Gulf of Finland during 10-year period","authors":"Jelena Passenko, G. Lessin, U. Raudsepp, I. Maljutenko, T. Neumann, J. Laanemets","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621648","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Finland is the sub-basin of the Baltic Sea seriously affected by eutrophication. General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM) was used for modeling hydrophysical fields of the Gulf during the period from 1997 to 2005. The results of the hydrodynamic modeling are important input for ecosystem modeling, in which salinity and temperature variations play the most important role. An accurately simulated salinity field is to some extent a proof that the transport of passive bio-chemical tracers can also be simulated correctly. In this study validation of the results of GETM is performed and comparison with Modular Ocean Model (MOM) is provided. These two models differ in numerical schemes that are used for solving the model equations, in model setup and to some extent in forcing. At first the time series of surface and bottom temperature and salinity from GETM are visually compared with measurements. Long-term measurement data from three HELCOM monitoring stations representing western, central and eastern parts of the Gulf were used. In this study we focus on Taylor diagram that provides quick summary of the degree of patterns correspondence and allows seeing how well model simulates natural pattern. For statistical analysis the surface temperature and salinity have been given the values at a depth of 5 m, and the bottom salinity and temperature are the corresponding values at the lowest depth (about 60 m) at which measurements were carried out. The validation results were grouped similarly for both models. Modeled surface temperature showed good agreement with observed data in all three stations. Root mean square error (RMSE) was between 0.2 and 0.4, correlation coefficients between 0.94 and 0.98 and normalized standard deviations between 0.9 and 1.1 for the both models. Thus, seasonal cycles in the upper layer were reproduced well. Bottom temperatures and surface and bottom salinities were reproduced with lower quality. Bottom temperatures were better reproduced in the western and central Gulf than in the eastern Gulf. Surface salinity was simulated with the same quality in all stations by GETM, while MOM reproduced salinity better in the central Gulf compared to the eastern and western part. Bottom salinities were better simulated by MOM than by GETM. The latter showed larger variability due to higher spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122234824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea ice monitoring in the Baltic Sea using dual-pol C and L band SAR data","authors":"R. Uiboupin, L. Sipelgas","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621633","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of ice dynamics and ice type classification is an important task for understanding environmental changes as well as for safe winter navigation. SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a powerful spacebourne instrument to detect ridged ice regions as the radar backscatter is strongly influenced by geometrical properties of the ice surface. Data from polarimetric (or dual-pol) SAR sensors like Radarsat-2 and ALOS/Palsar enables to determine more precisely ice types as it contains more information about the ice surface geometry than single polarization images. Use of dual polarization SAR imagery also known as compact polarimetry has shown to be useful as it has reduced the complexity, cost and data rate of SAR image while preserving most of the capabilities of fully polarimetric image.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130611486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing of the impact of accelerated local sea level rise on wetlands","authors":"R. Field, K. Philipp, V. Klemas, Jo Young","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621644","url":null,"abstract":"The substantial relative sea level rise and more frequent storms predicted for the next 50 years, will impact coastal wetlands, beach erosion control strategies, salinity of estuaries and aquifers, coastal drainage systems, and coastal economic development. Coastal wetlands, including tidal salt marshes, tidal freshwater marshes and mangrove swamps, are generally within fractions of a meter of sea level, and could be lost, especially if the impact of relative sea level rise is amplified by coastal storms. To plan for wetland protection and sensible coastal development, scientists and managers need to monitor the changes in coastal wetlands as the sea level continues to rise. The primary objective of our study is to analyze changes at a unique Delaware Bay tidal wetland site, which faces an accelerated sea level rise due to a canal breach and to show how remote sensors and related techniques can be used for studying the impact of relative sea level rise (RSLR) and human activities on coastal wetlands. A secondary objective is to evaluate several RSLR models by trying to predict future changes at this test site. Preliminary results indicate that rapid changes of vegetation, hydrology, sediment accretion and erosion are taking place at the Milford Neck Conservation Area test site and that satellite and aircraft remote sensors, supported by a reasonable number of site visits, are highly suitable for mapping and studying these changes. The improved understanding of the processes occurring at this site will help wetland managers decide whether to intervene in the hydraulic regime by channel modification in order to accelerate or delay marsh development in a particular direction.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114855643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gulf of Riga as a resource for wind energy — a project description","authors":"U. Raudsepp, R. Uiboupin, U. Bethers, J. Aigars, A. Kuresoo, A. Kull, I. Jussi, A. Auniņš, L. Sipelgas, L. Luigujõe, A. Stīpniece","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621652","url":null,"abstract":"Wind is one of the main renewable energy resources. The planning of offshore wind farms is an ongoing process and the Gulf of Riga region is no exception. Accurate information on marine wind field with high spatial and temporal resolution is therefore needed. Rough ice conditions in the Gulf of Riga could impose a threat to the construction and operation of offshore wind parks. The Gulf of Riga is an important habitat area for marine mammals and birds. They could suffer the most from the operational activity of wind parks. People are afraid that their living standards may decrease. In several cases it remains uncertain how the planned wind parks contribute to the energy needs of adjacent counties. The project aims directly at producing policy-relevant and scientifically based information on wind energy fields, the most affected key natural species populations and social reactions of and economic benefits for the entire Gulf of Riga region. A decision-making tool based on spatial planning methods of the GIS environment will be developed to facilitate common planning for the exploitation of wind energy in the Gulf of Riga region. Dynamic maps of wind energy, ice conditions, migrating and wintering bird populations, and seals dating back to 2001 and having the projection to future climate will be produced. The indicators for spatial planning with regard to public attitude towards the development of wind parks and for the quantification of local plans concerning renewal energy consumption will be developed and integrated into the decision-making tool. The outputs of the project contribute to the elaboration of policy-relevant, environmental and socio-economic issues related to the exploitation of renewable energy. The project objectives are to provide the decision-makers and potential developers of wind parks in the Gulf of Riga with reliable marine wind information derived from high-resolution remote sensing data, coastal wind measurements and an ensemble of regional climate models. Wind fields will be complemented with the information on habitat areas for seals and wintering, migrating and breeding birds. Local people and authorities will be involved in the active process of the selection of suitable areas for wind parks through mapping their attitude and considering the requirements for the areas of renewable energy. The project partners are research institutes and funds for nature from Estonia and Latvia and the project period is from July 2010 until June 2012. This project is financed by the Estonia-Latvia Programme. Estonia-Latvia Programme is implemented according to the principles of the European Territorial Cooperation and it supports cross-border cooperation between Estonia and Latvia. It is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123479841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary fluxes in the marine-lagoon (Baltic sea-Curonian lagoon) connection","authors":"S. Gulbinskas, E. Trimonis, I. Minevičiūtė","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621628","url":null,"abstract":"Current paper analyses the sedimentation processes in the transitional marine-lagoon system using the example of Klaipeda strait. Sedimentological investigations in the Klaipeda strait was carried out during 1994–2008 period using the sediment trap method. The most intensive fluxes were detected in the junction Curonian lagoon — strait and in the mouth of the strait. The grain size composition of sedimentary matter flux depends on their intensity. The sedimentary matter transported in the strait more often corresponds to fine silt sediments than the coarse silt mud. Fine sand material more frequently predominate in the port entrance channel and in the western passage of the Curonian lagoon where fluxes intensity reaches maximum.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the response of the Gulf of Finland ecosystem to changing climate","authors":"G. Lessin, A. Stips","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621650","url":null,"abstract":"Direct and indirect effects of changing meteorological conditions include alterations in nutrient cycling, timing and extent of algal blooms, species composition and oxygen dynamics of the Baltic coastal ecosystems. In this study the one-dimensional water column model GOTM coupled with a modified version of the biogeochemical model ERGOM was implemented to study the effects of changes in meteorological forcing associated with climate change on dynamics of nutrients, phytoplankton and dissolved oxygen in the central part of the Gulf of Finland. The modeling period from 1997 to 2008 (11 years) was chosen. Initial distributions of salinity, temperature and biogeochemical parameters from available measurement data were prescribed. As a reference run representing the present conditions of the ecosystem, model results with real atmospheric forcing were used. The model results were validated using observational data from the HELCOM monitoring program. The first three years of the simulation were used as a spin-up period. For the rest of the period modeled ecosystem sensitivity to variations in wind speed, air temperature, cloud cover and precipitation were analyzed separately and in a combination. The ranges of variations were chosen in agreement with recent publications on the assessment of climate change in the Baltic Sea region. Results have shown that increase in precipitation does not have any remarkable effect on the ecosystem. Increase in wind speed intensifies water mixing thus providing more nutrients for phytoplankton, but also slightly decreases water temperature. Change in cloud cover negatively affects phytoplankton growth due to decrease in light availability during biologically active period. Increased air temperature influences phytoplankton growth rates, leading to enhanced sedimentation of organic matter and near-bottom oxygen consumption. The scenario which combined all the previous, showed similar results as change in air temperature only, but slightly closer to the reference run due to action of wind speed and cloud cover. The study has shown that regardless of known limitations of one-dimensional models, they are a valuable tool in the investigation of marine ecosystem properties and their sensitivity to changes in the forcing parameters.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122643673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seatrack Web, the HELCOM tool for oil spill prediction and identification of illegal polluters","authors":"C. Ambjorn","doi":"10.1007/698_2011_120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127868262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geologic characteristics in the vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","authors":"Thomas M. McGee","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621655","url":null,"abstract":"On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig experienced a catastrophic explosion and fire. At the time, it was drilling about 70km southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River. A couple of days later it lay on the sea floor in more than 1500m of water. The drilling riser that extended from the sea floor to the water surface was destroyed and the blow-out preventer malfunctioned, causing a massive leak of crude oil and natural gas. Early attempts by British Petroleum (BP) and its drilling sub-contractors failed to cap the well. It continued to flow, at times intermittently, for more than 100 days. In total, it is estimated that at least five million barrels of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico, undoubtedly the largest oil spill in U.S. history. Due to the proprietary nature of petroleum exploration and production, few details have been made public concerning the well from which the Deepwater Horizon spill originated. There is information about the geologic characteristics in the general vicinity of that well site, however. One source of information is the Gulf of Mexico Hydrate Research Consortium (GoMHRC) which has studied a hydrate/carbonate mound in Mississippi Canyon Block 118 (MC118) about 23 kilometers northwest of the spill site in preparation for installing a sea-floor observatory. It is managed by the University of Mississippi. Another source is a remarkable earthquake that occurred about 18 kilometers northeast of the spill site. Fig.1 shows the location of the spill site relative to that of the sea-floor observatory and the earthquake epicenter. Presented below is a discussion of what can be learned from these two sources.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126164888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient sea noise as the indicator of dynamic physical processes at the sea surface","authors":"Z. Klusek, B. Swerpel, Agata Dragan, J. Szczucka","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621632","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that an ambient sea sound is generated by wind, mostly throughout the processes of wave breaking and accompanying injection of acoustically active air bubbles. The resulting sound level is highly correlated with wind speed and has consequently been propounded that the ambient sea noise can be used to estimate wind speeds. It has been proved that despite of significant scattering the accuracy is similar to other marine wind measurement techniques. Tentatively the acoustic ambient sea noise could be used also as an alternative technique for estimating a set of diverse dynamical processes like the wind wave energy dissipation, rain rate and rain type, and also as the indicator of bubbles presence. The simplicity of the passive acoustic buoys technology and sensors endurance to withstand the hard conditions in highly dynamic and corrosive environment make it very suitable technique. The measurements of the ambient sea noise in the Baltic Sea jointly with other parameters as wind speed, air bubbles entrainment, rain rate and wave field statistics were performed using autonomic hydroacoustic buoys. The measurements of ambient noise in a mid-frequency range (350–12500Hz) were carried out with the acoustic imaging of bubble plumes structure performed at 130 kHz to find associations between noise and parameters of bubble population. Relationships between bubble clouds parameters, the wind speed and the ambient sea noise were derived, providing a better way to predict a bubble population presence on the basis of the noise level. A good correlation quality between the wind speed and the ambient sound level is achieved by considering a sound propagation conditions in the area. The hydrophones should be deployed outside of the Baltic Seasonal Acoustic Waveguide — a subsurface one — during the winter/spring season and the deep water waveguide in the summer/autumn period. Using multisensory autonomic hydroacoustic buoy of the next generation, the noise and wind wave statistics were measured simultaneously including the registration of the noise from single breaking event to estimate breaking probability and intensity of the wave processes.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128274809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational observations methods during offshore sand mining — case study in Tallinn Bay, the southern Gulf of Finland","authors":"Getli Haran, U. Raudsepp, V. Alari, R. Uiboupin, L. Sipelgas, A. Erm","doi":"10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BALTIC.2010.5621660","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore sand mining is increasing activity nowadays. Environmental impact of sand mining appears usually through the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) away from the actual mining area. Satellite remote sensing is efficient tool for the operational monitoring of SPM distribution during harbor dredging, but problematic in the case of sand mining, as SPM remains mainly below the water surface. We used satellite remote sensing, in-situ measurements of optical properties of seawater and combined wave, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical modeling for assessment of the area affected by sand mining in Tallinn Bay, the southern Gulf of Finland. Sand mining took place from October 2008 to April 2009 with short breaks that were random in time. Vertical profiles of spectral attenuation and absorption coefficients by spectrometer AC Spectra, underwater light field and albedo by radiometer Ramses-ACC-VIS were measured in situ. In satellite remote sensing MODIS images with 250 m spatial resolution were used for the qualitative estimation of the surface area that was affected by sand mining. Nested 2D hydrodynamic model and wave model SWAN with 400 m spatial resolution at mining site gave input fields of currents and bottom shear stresses to the Lagrangian type particle transport model. While in-situ measurements and satellite remote sensing give snapshot about the SPM distribution numerical modeling enables to have dynamics of the ongoing process. In-situ measurements showed that the concentrations of SPM were the highest at the mining operation. The thickness of the elevated SPM layer was about 6 m. Satellite remote sensing showed minor or no signal of elevated SPM concentrations on the water surface in comparison to surrounding area. Model result show clearly that eastward transport of SPM prevailed during the sand mining activities. The SPM covered larger area during autumn than during winter and spring. This can be attributed to the stronger winds that forced higher waves and stronger currents. Wave activity is responsible for keeping the SPM in suspension, which favors the transport of SPM away from the mining site. In the environmental point of view, the most affected area remains in the radius of 1 km from the mining site. In conclusion, the use of satellite remote sensing and in-situ measurements can be misleading when considering environmental impact assessment caused by SPM.","PeriodicalId":287473,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125495483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}