Journal of the Institute for African Studies最新文献

{"title":"Conference “Africa in the Context of the Formation of a Polycentric World”","authors":"","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2020-51-2-66-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2020-51-2-66-98","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic that spread to Russia as well as to other states of the world caused additional problems for our scientific life, making it impossible to hold the preplanned scientific events in usual format. The Centre for the Study of the Russian-African Relations and African States’ Foreign Policy of the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences had scheduled on March 31, 2020 an international scientific conference “Africa in the context of the formation of a polycentric world”. The significance of this problem seems considerable enough, since its discussion raises a number of important issues, including the growing role of African countries in the process of creating a polycentric world and the desire of the African countries for greater subjectivity. At the same time, the fact that the modern global processes are taking place in the context of the growing competition among international actors for influence in the world, including Africa, becomes particularly important for Russia.\u0000\u0000Given the importance and relevance of the raised issues and the interest shown by potential participants (more than 40 applications were submitted), it was decided to hold the conference on March 31, 2020 by correspondence. The scholars, postgraduates and students, representatives of research institutes of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute for African Studies RAS, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, IMEMO RAS, Institute for the US and Canada Studies RAS, Institute of Far Eastern Studies RAS, Institute of Control Sciences RAS), as well as higher educational institutions (RUDN, MGIMO, etc.) took part in this conference. A wide range of issues was discussed, including various aspects of the African countries’ foreign policy, issues of African integration, Africa’s role and place in new geopolitical conditions, the policy of the leading economically developed and developing countries and Russia’s current policy on the African continent.\u0000\u0000The discussion on the first block of themes “Africa: global problems and current trends in the world economy” was opened with RUDN Prof. V. I. Yurtaev’s paper “Afro-Eurasia: challenges of participation in the formation of a polycentric world”. Не raised the following questions: will the rise of the Afro-Asian world as a new alternative to the existing world order occur in the 21st century, and how necessary are the European and/or Eurasian components in this process? A.I. Neklessa made a contribution on the rather controversial topic of “Postcolonialism in the context of civilizational and regional development”. In addition, there were papers on economic trends in North Africa (A.A. Tkachenko), digitalization in Tropical Africa (N. N. Tsvetkova), challenges that Africa faces today in the fight against drug trafficking (N. N. Grishina), money laundering and the financing of terrorism (Ntegge Edward).\u0000\u0000The second block of issues “Russia and Africa” was opened with E.N. Korendyasov’s substantive research ","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"120 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Agricultural Sector in Oil-Producing Countries of Africa: Equatorial Guinea","authors":"N. Matveeva","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2020-50-1-38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2020-50-1-38-47","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Equatorial Guinea (REG) is one of the least populated countries in Africa. Prior to the discovery of large oil and gas reserves on its shelf, it was one of the poorest countries in the world in terms of income. Being a typical backward agricultural country with a monocultural export structure, the REG provided the bulk of its foreign exchange earnings through the supply of cocoa beans to foreign markets, the cultivation of which was established on the island of Fernando Po (now Bioco) during the Spanish rule.\u0000\u0000With the onset of the oil boom, the REG has a new income item, and the economic importance of agriculture in creating GDP fell sharply. With an increase of the inflow of petrodollars, the bulk of the budget funds intended for the development of the economy was spent on the realization and maintenance of expensive infrastructure projects. Stagnant agriculture, unable to meet the needs of the population not engaged in agricultural production, remained outside the scope of the state’s financial and economic policy. Together with the rapidly increasing rural-urban migration this inevitably exacerbated the problem of food security. It was accompanied by a fall in export agricultural production.\u0000\u0000Since the beginning of the 2000s, the unfavorable global situation in the hydrocarbon market has led to the cessation of the inflow of new foreign investments and a reduction in oil production. The REG authorities have developed a program to diversify the sources of economic growth through the development of industries not related to the exploitation of irreplaceable natural raw materials. First of all, this applies to agriculture, which has a large and underexploited resource potential.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133223119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization in Nation Building in Africa","authors":"A. Kavina","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2020-50-1-59-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2020-50-1-59-70","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt to the fact that globalization has become a buzz word of our time and has significantly impacted the whole world and Africa without exception. Despite it being a buzz word, it has also become very confusing. Some people when asked to specify how they understand it, reply with considerable hesitation, vagueness and inconsistency. However, whether one understands it or not, the fact remains that globalization is real and it is impossible to avoid it, but we have to act. In recent decades globalization has become a factor that obstructs nation-building process in the developing world and Africa in particular. Increasing inequalities between social classes, ethnic groups, regions and nations are on the rise while nations are becoming more powerless to solve these problems. On the other hand, globalization will represent a golden opportunity for nation-building process, if Africa manages to grab the opportunities presented.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123815109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, Analysis and Tackling of Terrorism in Uganda","authors":"Edward H. Ntege","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-49-4-93-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-49-4-93-102","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes characteristics of terrorists, in particular how they exploit vulnerabilities in Uganda’s security systems. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the risks posed by terrorist, of detecting and analyzing suspicious and dangerous behaviors and reflects on the methods of tackling terrorism. Special attention on what should be closely monitored and managed in terms of features of security in the practice of financial monitoring in the field of AML / CFT.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122584322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Days of the “Six Day War”","authors":"V. Shubin","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-107-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-107-115","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on the information of the author, who as officer of the 10th Main Directorate of the Soviet General Staff spent two days in Egypt during the Six Day War between Israel and the Arab states. It briefly analyzes the history of Moscow’s relations with Cairo after the 1952 revolution, particularly in the military field, and notes that the Soviet military leadership overestimated the combat capability of the Armed Forces of the United Arab Republic, as the Arab Republic of Egypt was then called. Although by June 1967 the situation in the Middle East was rather tense, the war was not expected by Moscow on the day Israel attacked Egypt, and its quick success, especially the defeat of the Egyptian Air Force, was a shock to Cairo and Moscow.\u0000\u0000The article describes the situation in Cairo on June 9 and 10, the Egyptians’ reaction to the resignation of President Gamal Abdel Nasser; speaks of the negative attitude of the “Arab street” to the Russians, which arose in those days, primarily because of the false information of the Egyptian authorities, who argued that unlike the USSR, the United States and Great Britain took part in the war by bombing objects in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124599673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Landlocked States (Comparative Case Studies of CAR and Mali)","authors":"A. Sharova","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-49-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-49-63","url":null,"abstract":"Landlocked states are a special category of countries whose economic and social development is associated with a number of additional difficulties due to their geographical location. Among them are: limitation of participation in the international division of labor, high transport costs and costs associated with bureaucratic procedures for crossing the borders of third countries, as well as reducing the competitiveness of exports. The African continent has the largest number of such states. Simultaneously with the indicated political and geographical feature, various sanctions are in force or imposed on a number of this category of African countries, both by the UN and states individually. The sum of these factors negatively affected the development of these states. This article examines in detail two country cases of applying international sanctions against landlocked African countries: the CAR and Mali.\u0000\u0000The study led to the conclusion that the effectiveness of sanctions imposed against these countries and targeted sanctions against members of their political elites is low. The main damage and negative consequences are for the general population, since they directly relate to everyday life needs and requirements. For a significant part of the population of both countries, the costs of sanctions are compensated by the possibilities of the “economy of war”: illegal extraction of local natural resources, smuggling and speculation of essential goods.\u0000\u0000Peculiarities of the country’s geographical position, lack of access to the sea, under these conditions, can serve as a factor for further “decoupling” of elites from the sanctions issue and the continuation of their policies.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"980 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116217985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Qeerroo” (Oromo Youth) – Initiator and Active Participant in the Protest Actions (Ethiopia)","authors":"R. Ismagilova","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-86-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-86-96","url":null,"abstract":"The article for the first time in Ethiopian Studies analysis the new phenomena in Ethiopia’s politics – the role of the Oromo youth – Qeerroo – in the protests actions 2015 –2018. The word “Qeerroo” in Afaan Oromo means “Youth” (unmarried youth). But now it has new more broad connotation: it means “antigovernment protest actions”. The qeerroo protest movement started in Ambo city (State Oromia) in November 2015 as a protest against so called Master Plan which aimed to allocate enormous plot of land to Addis Ababa municipality (the capital of Ethiopia is in Oromia). But movement was transformed at the Irreecha festival on October 2, 2016 into a sustained demand for an end to the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)’ rule, especially the domination of the Tigray. The slogan:”Down, Down with the Wayyanne/TPLF”, heard at the festival, reverberated through Oromia and other regions of Ethiopia. Government’s reaction – use of military made the situation more complex. There is a few information about the organization of qeerroo – Qeerroo Bilissuma, its structure and leaders. Oromo youth organized different kinds of actions: prevent to supply fuel to cities, “stay-home” riots when all Oromo business in cities and towns was closed, etc. It is the activity of qeerroo made the then Pime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn unexpectedly retire on the 15th of February 2018.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Union’s Interaction With Other International Actors in Africa at the Present Stage (Case Studies of China and India)","authors":"O. Kulkova","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-64-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-64-73","url":null,"abstract":"The article is one of the first in the African Studies in Russia, which aim is to analyze the possibilities of cooperation between the European Union and China and India in their African policies at the present stage. The article also explores the prospects and problems for the triangular cooperation between the EU, China/India and various African states.\u0000\u0000The research shows that for some regions of Africa the EU is not already the first major trade partner – now China occupies this place. India is also a significant partner for the continent.\u0000\u0000As a range of African countries showed high levels of economic performance during the last decade, their dependence from the EU development assistance diminished. This tendency forces the EU to reconsider its mechanisms of interaction with these African countries on the new basis.\u0000\u0000European researchers used to view China (and less – India) as competitors for the EU on the African continent, but in recent years, a new trend appeared – to learn from the Chinese and Indian experience in Africa and to search for the areas where there might be a prospect for collaboration, dialogue, joint projects. The author gives real examples of this growing trend.\u0000\u0000The EU now sees China as a partner and a responsible actor in order to promote the development of African countries and strengthen their security. The development of trilateral relations between the EU, China/India and Africa is a bright example of the new European strategy aimed at the interaction with the emerging economies.\u0000\u0000The article uses comparative method of research – it compares African policies of the EU, China and India by the major indicators (level of trade and investments with Africa, areas of cooperation, big projects etc.). The author also applies qualitative methods of analysis.\u0000\u0000Author shows that European policy towards Africa becomes more pragmatic and business-oriented. In this direction, there are many spheres in which European, Chinese and Indian private sector could cooperate in Africa. There are already first examples of such cooperation. However, the EU also pursues – with ambivalent results – the high-level political dialogue with China and India on the issues related to Africa.\u0000\u0000Author concludes that EU as a traditional actor of international politics responds to changes in the global balance of power by building new strategic relations on the African continent with the emerging powers – both China and India and “African lions”.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127043643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal Decentralization Reform and its Impacts on Primary Education Service Delivery in Tanzania: the Case of Dodoma Municipal Council","authors":"P. Mtasigazya","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-30-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-30-48","url":null,"abstract":"This study is about fiscal decentralization reforms implemented in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania with special focus on Primary Education Service Delivery in Dodoma Municipal Council. The study investigated the question of poor performance of the municipal council in primary education service delivery despite the reforms undertaken to devolve the finances and functions to the council. It aimed to find out the extent and manner the fiscal decentralization has been implemented and its effects on the council’s performance on primary education service delivery. The study is based on data collected through interview and documentary review. It has been observed that despite to fiscal decentralization reforms, still there has been no significant improvement in quantitative and qualitative primary education service delivery in the council. This study further noted that the practice of fiscal decentralization such as intergovernmental fiscal transfer, (grants) and local government own sources of revenues are not adequate. The devolved funds also are characterized by conditional ties which undermine the autonomy and priorities of the Council. The study also noted that financial capacity of the council is weak despite the reform which have not provided for the expenditure on school infrastructure, furniture and poor academic performance to standard seven examinations and inadequate funds disbursed to the council, have led to poor primary education service delivery. The study recommends that council should be assured of autonomy in fiscal control and management to ensure qualitative and quantitative primary education service delivery.","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Portraits of African Leaders (Review of the book: Denisova T.S. (ed.) “Africa: Political Portraits”)","authors":"S. Kostelyanets","doi":"10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-126-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2019-48-3-126-132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute for African Studies","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116510746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}