Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with down syndrome","authors":"Tehreem Tariq, Daniel Akhtar, Syeda Asfara Badar, Muhammad Abdullah, Fatima Tahir","doi":"10.61171/9nwawg34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/9nwawg34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Worldwide prevalence of Down syndrome children with hearing loss is 38–78% with conductive hearing loss accounting for the majority of cases and a documented 20%. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in 2-year-olds. Objective:  To determine the tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with Down syndrome.\u0000Methodology: Cross sectional observational study was conducted to determine the tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with Down syndrome on a sample of 98 patients both Male and Female with Non-probability purposive sampling technique. The study was performed at the Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health in Lahore. The duration of this study was 6 months, from January 2023 to June 2023. Children aged 1 to 6 years were included in this study. A self-structured questionnaire, tympanometry, and auditory brainstem response test were used to accumulate the data. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 24.0 software package. Results: Among the 98 DS patients, there were 52 (70.41%) male patients and 46 (29.59%) female patients. The majority of patients were in the age group 1-3 years, which is 61 (65.31%) in number. From the analysis of the tympanometry test, it was found that the majority of patients had type B tympanograms, which is 55 (56.1%), and type C tympanograms were also shown in 28 (28.6%) patients. Results of BAEP showed that most patients had moderate-degree hearing loss 70 (71.1%) and 15 (15.3%) had normal hearing. Conclusion:  This study concluded that the majority of children had moderate degree conductive hearing loss rather than mild to severe degree mixed and sensorineural hearing loss.  \u0000Key words:  Down syndrome, Pediatric Hearing Loss, Tympanometry, Auditory Brainstem Response, Otitis Media with Effusion\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113985560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge about childhood diarrhea among mothers: A systematic review of 2020 onwards","authors":"A. Hanif, S. Yasmeen, Dr. Abdul Islam, Hanif Consultant","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood diarrhea is still a challenge in healthcare, and mother’s knowledge about it can play a vital role in its management. Recent reviews to assess mother’s knowledge may help in future strategies. Objective: To review the mother’s knowledge about the management of diarrhea. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using studies available free and in full on the internet and reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA) guidelines. All original studies that were freely available were included. Google Scholar was used for searching for relevant articles. BOOLEAN search criteria were tried using the AND and OR operations for specific terms. The data was entered in a Microsoft Excel document with the same heading as in the table. Results: A total of 15 studies were shortlisted and published from 2020 onwards. The Knowledge was very varying, ranging from 5.6% to 82.2% with statistical significance. Conclusion: The knowledge of mothers is quite varied about childhood diarrhea, even in recent literature. More studies should be done to find risk factors for such variation, and awareness campaigns should be given to increase knowledge among mothers, as they are the primary caregivers for their children.","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126395888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of canonical correlation and discriminant analysis","authors":"Alvin F Terry, I. Etikan","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Learning from data is at the heart of the statistical discipline known as statistics. Understanding statistics, you will be able to use the right techniques to obtain the data, carry out the relevant analysis, and present the results in an effective way if you have a working knowledge of statistics. The process of creating scientific discoveries, as well as decisions and projections that are founded on data, involves the use of statistics, which is a key element in the process.","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127959162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Shisha Smoking and Factors Associated with the Initiation of Shisha Smoking among Students of University of the Punjab, Lahore","authors":"Iram Yasmin, Yasar Nawaz, Uzma Rasool","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking is a significant menace to the public’s health because it directly causes more than seven million deaths worldwide each year. Smoking shisha is a type of tobacco consumption in which smoke is filtered by way of water before being inhaled. It's a common misconception that shisha smoking is healthier than cigarettes because it contains fruits flavour, but this is false belief. Objective: To determine the prevalence of shisha smoking and associated factors to initiate shisha smoking among students of University of the Punjab. Methods: This cross sectional study included 435 university students aged 20-40 years from New Campus, university of the Punjab Lahore. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from students. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The frequency distribution and mean± standard deviation were calculated for categorical variables, and continuous variables, respectively. The comparison of categorical variables across groups was done by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this sampled population, majority of the students (92%) had heard about shisha smoking and the overall prevalence of shisha smoking was (23.9%).Statistically significant difference was observed between shisha smoker and non-shisha smoker regarding factors starting shisha smoking including; family member uses shisha,  pleasures seeking and boredom (p- value < 0.05). Whereas no statistical significant difference was found between shisha smoker and non-shisha smoker regarding; factors starting shisha smoking; curiosity, fashion, status symbol, stress, and peer pressure (p- value >0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the prevalence of shisha smoking was higher in male than female students. Most of the study participants had ever heard about shisha smoking and a significant number of participants ever smoked shisha in their life. The present study results revealed that having a  shisha smoker family member , pleasure seeking and  reducing  boredom had a significant impact on initiation of shisha smoking among students of University of the Punjab. Society has to make efforts to reduce shisha smoking.\u0000Keyword: Shisha smoking, Prevalence, University Students","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125138271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naegleria fowleri: An emerging issue of significant concern in Pakistan","authors":"A. Hanif, T. Ashraf","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"There is thermophilic flagellate amoeba that is known as Naegleria fowleri and it is labelled as brain-eating amoeba. This is a causative agent for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a dangerous waterborne disease affecting humans and animals. Pakistan is ranked the 2nd most affected country, where most of the cases are reported from the biggest city of Pakistan i.e. Karachi. An immediate epidemiologic examination of the relevant environmental issues is required in order to determine the causes of this abrupt increase in PAM cases. Furthermore, many people in Pakistan do not have access to medical services, and those that do exist are inaccessible. Lack of potable water, sanitation, and knowledge exacerbates water-borne illness outbreaks. Authorities must detect widespread health issues and take action to alleviate suffering. Furthermore, there is an immediate need to educate individuals on the significance of using boiling water for nasal cleaning, particularly after swimming.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the monkeypox mystery: Pakistan faces a new health challenge","authors":"R. Islam","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been an uptick in the number of cases of the disease occurring in non-endemic regions. The majority, but not all, of these cases have been reported among homosexual men.  Transmission on a local level has not been established as of yet. There are presently no treatments that are known to be effective against mpox infection. Management of symptoms, often known s supportive care, is the treatment technique for viral infections. There are three vaccines available to prevent mpox,  MVA-BN, LC16, and OrthopoxVac. Vaccination should only be considered for those who are at risk (such as those who have had intimate contact with someone who has mpox or those who are members of a high-risk group). At this time, widespread immunization is not suggested.  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124681915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paper mills in medical research: a serious ethical issue","authors":"A. Hanif","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Paper Mills (PMs) are defined as organizations that provide paid services on demand that include fabrication in data, involving ghostwriters for write ups, falsification of data or images, reporting unauthentic results  and predatory publications\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115560802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety in Drug Manufacturing Industry: A Short Review","authors":"M. Arif","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Not much is known about the health risks of workplace in the drug manufacturing industry. While the pharmaceutical industries seem safe superficially, the production of medicines demand a well maintained and clean working atmosphere and the typical depiction of employees wearing white coats add to the illusion. Objective: To document occupational health and safety in drug manufacturing industry. Methods: Large-scale research was conducted to assess the health, safety and efficacy of specific drugs before their marketing and distribution, however only a few surveys have examined the occupational health and safety of employees who manufacture these drugs. Results: There are many irritants and drugs that cause risk to health, these include powdered penicillin, nicotinic compounds, Local anaesthetics, chloroform, sulfonechloramides, benzene, mepacrine, acriflavine and sulfonating agents. The most crucial aspects of efficient pharmaceutical safety management are knowing and recognising the danger of hazardous facility and hazard discharge. The easiest method to avoid difficulties is to eliminate the danger or employ substitution (choosing the least toxic or safest product or process available). Furthermore, it appears plausible to anticipate that chemical-related health impacts of pharmaceutical industry activity, long-term effects, in particular, are likely under-reported and understated. Other dangers (for example, ergonomic design and stressors) are reported more frequently in internal company systems, but are rarely acknowledged in public. Conclusion: General safety guidelines and rules for drug manufacturing safety should be followed. These include; not to work alone in the laboratory, never use pipette with mouth, wear goggles or safety glasses in the laboratory, practice personal hygiene rules, do not eat or drink in the laboratory, use PPE and the practice of good housekeeping techniques.Keywords: Occupational health and safety, drug manufacturing, Pharma industry, international standards ","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116274101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Towards Mental Illness among Healthcare Providers in Punjab: A Survey","authors":"Muhammad Moazzam, Afisa Bashir, H. Tahir, S. Atique","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000Background: The stigma associated with mental illness creates a significant barrier to effectively managing medical care. This study examines the attitudes of healthcare professionals in Punjab province towards individuals with mental illnesses. Objective: To find attitudes towards mental illness among healthcare providers in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: In various hospitals across Punjab, a cross-sectional survey was carried out, in which 120 questionnaires were disseminated, and 105 individuals consented to partake, resulting in a response rate of 87.5%. The study employed a standardized questionnaire known as the \"Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC)\" and data was collected between September 2019 and December 2019. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20.0. Results: Participants aged from 20 to 58 years with mean age were 31.66 ± .782. Most participants 46 (43.8%) were doctors, 43 (41%) were Nurses and 16 (15.2%) were consultant. Healthcare providers reported the highest level of stigma in the domain of \"Attitude,\" followed by relatively lower levels in \"Help-seeking and Disclosure\" and even lower levels in \"Social Distance.\" Conclusion: In summary, healthcare providers commonly experience stigma related to mental illness.\u0000Keywords: Mental health conditions; Stigmatization; Healthcare professionals; Beliefs; Social acceptance; Help-seeking behavior; Disclosure.\u0000Word count 191\u0000Funding: No\u0000Conflict of interest: No","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130187051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chest x-ray’s findings in symptomatic patients positive for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)","authors":"F. Jamil, S. Y. Farooq, M. Zakir, Aweesha Nameen, Sonia Shahzadi, Memoona Ramzan, Muqadas Batool, Lina Khaled Jallad","doi":"10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61171/pjbmr.v1i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID) flared-up as pneumonia for an unknown cause in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and was spread swiftly outside of Wuhan to other countries, later. Objective:  To find out the Chest X-ray’s findings in positive cases for Covid-19. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of radiology, Farooq Hospital Lahore. 150 patients of different age groups were enrolled in this study with convenient sampling technique. We included only those patients in this study who were symptomatic and have positive PCR of Covid-19 virus while the asymptomatic were excluded. Results: All 150 patients were with the history of positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of COVID and were symptomatic. 85 (56.7%) males and 65 (43.3%) females were enrolled in this study. Out of 150 patients 54 (63%) patients presented with the history of fever, 103 (68.7%) had history of diabetes, 54 (36%) had history of hypertension, 57 (38%) had history of smoking, 69 (46%) had history of cough, and all patients presented with the history of loss of smell. On X-ray 87 (58%) shows Air Space Opacification, 98 (65.3%) shows Inflammatory Process, 46 (30.7%) shows Ground Glass Appearance, 52 (34.7%) shows Consolidation, 9 (6%) shows Pleural effusion, 15 (10%) has cardiomegaly, 15 (10%) has bronchitis and 8 (5.3%) has pulmonary edema. Conclusion: The chest X-ray is the basic modality for identifying patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and it is especially useful due to its low cost and low radiation exposure. Early changes in the lung parenchyma and consolidation and hazy pattern can be detected and that will help to reduce the rate of hospitalization due to Covid-19. \u0000Key words: Chest X-ray, Covid-19, viral infection, pandemic disease, mortality","PeriodicalId":286634,"journal":{"name":"Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115549036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}