2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of miniemulsion process using different solvents","authors":"Ana C. D. Pfluck, Dragana P. C. de Barros, Clara Lopes, L. Fonseca","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088810","url":null,"abstract":"Miniemulsions are heterophase systems consisting of small, stable and narrowly distributed droplets in a continuous phase [1]. Recently this system shows a high potential for different biocatalytic reactions, as environmentally friendly reaction media consisting 80% of water [2]. The other important factor is enormous interfacial area, readily available for interfacial catalysis. The systems are obtained using high shear force, in particular, ultrasound. For a typical oil-in-water miniemulsion, an oil phase (e.g. substrates), a hydrophobic agent (e.g. hexadecane), an emulsifier (usually nonionic surfactant), and water are homogenised to obtain monodisperse droplets in the size range up to 500 nm[1,2]. The objective of present work was to obtain a stable miniemulsion system through optimization of conditions of ultrasonication using different solvents (oil phase). The effect of six solvents (hexane, cyclohexane, isooctane, decane, hexadecane and acetonitrile) on miniemulsion stability was explored. In order to establish a reproducible dispersion procedure, power and amplitude of ultrasonication was varied and it's relation with the droplet size was observed. The influence of the ultrasonication time was also evaluated on miniemulsion stability. Droplet size and distribution factor were characterized by dynamic light scattering. The results show that the particle size varied between 320 and 630 nm, except for the systems with the cyclohexane in which a higher size was obtained. The best result was achieved with 50% of amplitude and 30W of power using hexane as a solvent. The phase separation was observed for the cyclohexane and acetonitrile miniemulsion systems. It could be due to the droplet size (cyclohexane) or acetonitrile hydrophilic character.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123123558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shielding the magnetic field from a transcranial stimulator using aluminium and iron: Simulation and experimental results","authors":"Nuno Saraiva Santos, Sonia C. P. Sousa, P. Crespo, Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda, R. Salvador, J. Silvestre","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088824","url":null,"abstract":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an up-and-coming, noninvasive technique that holds therapeutic promise in a range of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. In rTMS, a time-varying magnetic field induces an electric current in the brain. Since its introduction close to 30 years ago, numerous studies have widely recognised it in the research or treatment of several diseases (e.g. epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, stroke or neuropathic pain). rTMS treatments already occurring in the USA include psychiatric conditions like major depression (approved in 2008), and migraine (approved in 2013). Nevertheless, throughout several years it has been found that the stimulation of subcortical brain structures is inaccessible with standard rTMS equipment. Accessing such deep-brain regions may potentially result in the improvement of a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. The design of TMS coils to stimulate deep brain targets is limited by the rapid attenuation of the electric field in depth. This is mainly due to the physical limiting effect arising from the presence of surface discontinuities. To the best of our knowledge the Hesed coil represents the state of the art of clinical deep-brain TMS. Nonetheless, there is no configuration able of producing an effective field at the very center of the brain. We have proposed a TMS system termed orthogonal configuration that is capable of reaching the very center of a spherical brain phantom (at 10-cm depth) with 58% strength in respect to the surface maximum. The high, external magnetic field of this configuration was designed so that it is incapable of inducing heart fibrillation in the patient by four orders of magnitude in respect to its threshold. Nevertheless, Comsol® AC/DC simulations show that a system operator positioned sideways, 10 cm apart from the orthogonal configuration will experience an induced current density in his heart of 0.7 A/m2 (heart fibrillation threshold is 1 A/m2). Only 3.4 m away from the orthogonal configuration will a heart current density of 0.001 A/m2 be achieved. In this work we focus on the shielding aspects necessary to install an orthogonal TMS system providing full safety to patient and any of its operators. For that, we have measured the TMS signal attenuation induced by an iron or aluminium slab of material positioned between a TMS coil and a current density sensor located inside a cylinder container filled with a saline solution (7 S/m, i.e. 5% w/v of NaCl in water). Simulations combined with experimental results show that a simple 25-mm-thick slab of aluminium surrounding five walls of the orthogonal TMS system (positioned 40 cm apart from its edges) is enough to achieve a current density in the heart of any operator inferior to 0.001 A/m2, i.e. at least three orders of magnitude below fibrillation threshold. This allows us to conclude on the viability of implementing an R&D orthogonal TMS system in the near future.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124726224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a high-throughput monitoring technique of bacteria photodynamic inactivation","authors":"B. Cunha, P. Sampaio, C. Calado","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088827","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Bacterial infections and the fight against them have been one of the major concerns of mankind since the dawn of time. During the `golden years' of antibiotic discovery, during the 1940-90s, it was thought that the war against infectious diseases had been won. However currently, due to the drug resistance increase, associated with the inefficiency of discovering new antibiotic classes, infectious diseases are again a major public health concern. A potential alternative to antibiotic treatments may be the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) therapy. To date no indication of antimicrobial PDI resistance development has been reported. However the PDI protocol depends on the bacteria species [1], and in some cases on the bacteria strains, for instance Staphylococcus aureus [2]. Therefore the development of PDI monitoring techniques for diverse bacteria strains is critical in pursuing further understanding of such promising alternative therapy. The present works aims to evaluate Fourier-Transformed-Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy to monitor the PDI of two model bacteria, a gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and a gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. For that a high-throughput FTIR spectroscopic method was implemented as generally described in Scholz et al. [3], using short incubation periods and microliter quantities of the incubation mixture containing the bacteria and the PDI-drug model the known bactericidal tetracationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-N, N, Ntrimethylammoniumphenyl)-porphyrin p-tosylate (TTAP4+). In both bacteria models it was possible to detect, by FTIR-spectroscopy, the drugs effect on the cellular composition either directly on the spectra or on score plots of principal component analysis. Furthermore the technique enabled to infer the effect of PDI on the major cellular biomolecules and metabolic status, for example the turn-over metabolism. In summary bacteria PDI was monitored in an economic, rapid (in minutes), high-throughput (using microplates with 96 wells) and highly sensitive mode resourcing to FTIR spectroscopy, which could serve has a technological basis for the evaluation of antimicrobial PDI therapies efficiency.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129692059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-based dosimetry in nuclear medicine and pet: Development of Portuguese female and male anthropomorphic models","authors":"A. Nunes, M. Patrício, F. Alves","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088821","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Internal organ dose estimates have always depended on standard reference models that mimic the interior and exterior anatomical features of the human body. These models are based on 20-30 year-old and healthy average European and North American populations, their organ masses and body weights and heights corresponding to the 50th percentile data [1]. However, if an individual patient deviates greatly from the reference anatomy, the use of a standard phantom can hinder the precision of the dose assessment being performed. Published anthropometric studies [2] suggest that the Portuguese population deviates from the parameters defined for the reference dosimetric models [3]. The general aim of the present research is to develop and validate two new anthropomorphic models of the human body (one male and one female), that specifically represent Portuguese adult patients who undergo PET/CT examinations. A secondary goal of this project is to profile the Portuguese patients undergoing PET/CT examinations, in respect to their age and internal and external anatomical features. In order to achieve this goal, anthropometric patient data regarding 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations performed at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS) were collected and analyzed. Statistical hypothesis tests (sign-tests) confirmed that the Portuguese adult patient population anatomy deviates greatly from that of the reference anthropometric phantoms most commonly used in internal dosimetry, at least where age, weight and height are concerned. This supports recent approaches in Internal Radiation Dosimetry, which challenge the “Reference Man paradigm”, that is, the application of reference computational phantoms to the overall population [1]. New anthropomorphic models of the human body, representing Portuguese adult patients who undergo PET/CT examinations, will be created by combining Monte Carlo simulation of the radiation transport and image quantification techniques. These models will facilitate an accurate estimation of internal radiation doses.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123961660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of near and mid-infrared spectroscopy to monitor recombinant cyprosin production","authors":"P. Sampaio, C. Calado","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088876","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared spectroscopy, either in the near and mid (NIR/MIR) region of the spectra, has gained great acceptance in the industry for bioprocess monitoring according to Process Analytical Technology, due to its rapid, economic, high sensitivity mode of application and versatility. Due to the relevance of cyprosin (mostly for dairy industry), and as NIR and MIR spectroscopy presents specific characteristics that ultimately may complement each other, in the present work these techniques were compared to monitor and characterize by in situ and by at-line high-throughput analysis, respectively, recombinant cyprosin production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Partial least-square regression models, relating NIR and MIR-spectral features with biomass, cyprosin activity, specific activity, glucose, galactose, ethanol and acetate concentration were developed, all presenting, in general, high regression coefficients and low prediction errors. In the case of biomass and glucose slight better models were achieved by in situ NIR spectroscopic analysis, while for cyprosin activity and specific activity slight better models were achieved by at-line MIR spectroscopic analysis. Therefore both techniques enabled to monitor the highly dynamic cyprosin production bioprocess, promoting by this way more efficient platforms for the bioprocess optimization and control.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123402090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical resonance in human chromosomes","authors":"Tiago Branco, M. Patrício, F. Caramelo, M. Botelho","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088816","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Chromosomes are long molecules that naturally vibrate in different modes and are subject to random perturbations of the medium. Inducing vibration at the resonance frequency may be sufficient to cause the inactivation of the molecule by breaking chemical bonds. In this study we create a computational model of chromosomes and analyse the corresponding resonance frequencies. A simplified geometry is proposed to mimic chromosome arms. Each is represented by considering an eccentric cone. Running the simulations on a numerical package, the natural frequency was found for various chromosomes, in two modes of vibrations. Results show that each chromosome type presents different resonance frequencies in a range from 1.2 kHz up to 105 kHz. Changing mass and length of chromosome arm in a significant manner will produce a change in resonant frequency, as illustrated in the following graphics. This behavior may be use to derive new therapy forms targeting the destruction of mutated chromosomes.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116177254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of Zera® fusion proteins in aqueous two-phase systems","authors":"M. J. Jacinto, A. Azevedo, M. Aires-Barros, Marco Archinti, P. Marzábal","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088835","url":null,"abstract":"The N-terminal proline-rich domain (Zera®) of the maize storage protein γ-zein is a self-assembling domain produced and patented by EraBiotech, which can be fused with proteins of interest. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a biocompatible method for protein purification, without denaturation or loss of biological activity due to the high water content, low interfacial tension and stabilizing effect of the polymers. This work aims at developing and optimizing a scalable process for the extraction of Zera® fusion model proteins, Zera®, Zera®-alpha amylase and Zera®-lipase produced in Bacillus brevis to predict the partition of high-value recombinant proteins, as Zera®-Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP), in PEG-phosphate ATPS. The influence of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) molecular weight (MW), tie line Length (TLL), pH, sample load and neutral salt addition were evaluated and optimized for each recombinant proteins. Based on the partition results and the specific proteins characteristics (hydrophobicity and MW), a system with low TLL, PEG MW between 6 000 and 8 000, pH between 8-9 and loading percentage between 20 and 30% should probably be a good system for Zera®-PAP selective extraction.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric sensitivity analysis of a lumbar motion segment FE model","authors":"Ivo M. da Silva, J. Claro, A. Castro","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088890","url":null,"abstract":"Degenerative disc disease is the most common cause of low back pain, affecting 70-85% of the general population at some time in life. Considering this fact, it is essential to characterize the behavior of the intervertebral disc and its degeneration mechanisms. To study this problem, numerical modeling presents itself as an advantageous approach, being extensively used by researchers to understand the human spine complex. A lumbar partial motion segment model and respective finite element formulation are briefly described. The model's geometric sensitivity is analyzed by varying its wedge angle and average height, and simulating its biomechanical behavior under different incremental loads, using a homemade finite element solver. The results prove that both wedge angle and average height variations have significant influence in the intervertebral discs' behavior under loading.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading wheat straw to HOMO and co-polyhydroxyalkanoates","authors":"M. Cesário, Rodrigo S. Raposo, M. de Almeida, B. Ferreira, F. van Keulen, M. D. da Fonseca","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088823","url":null,"abstract":"Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and thus environmentally friendly thermoplastics that are synthesized by various microbial strains as intracellular storage materials. These polyesters present a broad range of properties varying from very crystalline to more elastomeric polymers and find applications from agriculture to medicine. Despite their versatility, they are still not competitive due to the high production costs, of which the C-source accounts for circa 30%. To decrease raw materials costs, lignocellulosic agro-industrial residues rich in cellulose and hemicelluloses can be used as the C-source after being processed to yield simple sugars. Wheat straw lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LCH) were prepared (biorefinery.de GmbH) by pre-treating this residual biomass using the AFEX process followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. A hydrolysate rich in glucose and xylose and with low titres of inhibitory compounds is produced that can be used as carbon source for PHA production. Burkholderia sacchari DSM 17165 was selected for its ability to use both hexoses and pentoses. Polymer production was optimized in fed-batch cultivations in stirred-tank reactors (STR). Polymer concentration, volumetric productivity and polymer cell content of respectively 84 g/L, 1.6 g L-1h-1 and 68 % (w/w) were attained [1]. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB-co-4HB) copolymers exhibit attractive thermal and mechanical properties due to the 4HB monomer. Synthesis of this monomer was achieved upon the addition of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) as co-substrate to fed-batch cultures. Using a DOstat feeding strategy for LCH and a continuous addition of GBL, the maximum attained P(3HB-co-4HB) productivity and 4HB molar % were 0.5 g/(L.h) and 5.0 molar %, respectively [2]. Extraction of P(3HB) from the cells usually involves the use of halogenated solvents to attain high recovery yields and purities. However, the use of these solvents causes health and environmental hazards. To lessen this drawback green solvents were tested and high recovery yields and purities were achieved. Lignocellulosic agricultural residues can thus be ugraded with high yields and productivities to value-added products using the biorefinery concept.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125536573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid derivatized monoliths for purification of a DNA vaccine against influenza","authors":"D. Bicho, C. Caramlo-Nunes, B. F. Santos, A. Sousa, F. Sousa, J. Queiroz, C. Tomaz","doi":"10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2015.7088803","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, researchers have made several efforts to fight highly contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus. One of the best options for reducing the impact of this virus infection is DNA vaccination, therefore it is necessary a large quantity of highly pure plasmid DNA (pDNA) [1, 2]. Thus, in this work it is proposed the production and purification of pDNA expressing influenza virus hemaglutinin protein. For the purification strategy, monoliths are chosen because of their high binding capacity and the excellent mass transfer properties. Agmatine was the ligand of choice, once this amino acid derivative showed to be successful not only in the purification of sc pDNA isoforms but also from complex lysates. The results showed that agmatine is a multifaceted ligand to purify the sc pDNA influenza vaccine under the requirements of the regulatory agencies. In vitro experiments revealed that sc pDNA was able to transfect fibroblast cells and to produce hemaglutinin protein, as proved by immunochemistry analysis with mouse monoclonal anti HA H5N1 IgG primary antibody. The effect of plasmid transfection on cell viability was over 90% as demonstrated with activity of lactate dehydrogenase resazurin assays. In conclusion, our collective approach provides a valuable choice for the efficient isolation of sc pDNA hemaglutinin vaccine which can in near future prevent influenza infection.","PeriodicalId":285567,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120988481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}