Annals of Advances in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): A review","authors":"Ali Abdu Hussen","doi":"10.29328/journal.aac.1001026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.aac.1001026","url":null,"abstract":"Today HPLC is widely applied for separations and purifications in a variety of areas including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, environmental, polymer and food industries. It is accomplished by injection of a small amount of liquid sample into a moving stream of liquid (called the mobile phase) that passes through a column packed with particles of the stationary phase. The separation of a mixture into its components depends on different degrees of retention of each component in the column. HPLC is just one type of liquid chromatography, meaning the mobile phase is a liquid. Reversed-phase HPLC is the most common type of HPLC. The reversed-phase means the mobile phase is relatively polar, and the stationary phase is relatively non-polar. HPLC instrumentation includes a Solvent reservoir, pump, injector, column, detector, and integrator or acquisition and display system. The heart of the system is the column where separation occurs. The information that can be obtained using HPLC includes identification, quantification, and resolution of a compound. The major applications are in the area of Pharmaceuticals, food, research, manufacturing, forensics, and bio-monitoring of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115799366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by nanoparticles: Current approaches and prospects","authors":"Bekele Tigabu, Alamnie Getachew","doi":"10.29328/journal.aac.1001025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.aac.1001025","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging pathogens whose resistance profiles generate a serious health crisis by holding their impact on human health. Misuse of antibiotics has directed the emergence of microbes immune to presently accessible drugs. Pathogenic bacteria become resistant by employing various mechanisms, such as; antibiotic modification, target site alteration, and biofilm formation, increasing the time they spend in the intracellular environment where antibiotics are unable to succeed at therapeutic levels. Due to this, attempts are being made to develop new alternative nanoantibiotics as a promising approach to treat multidrug resistance disease-causing bacteria. Accordingly, there is considerable contemporary attention to the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterial agents against different pathogens and as target drug delivery toward specific tissues therefore microbes are eliminated by the biocidal properties of nanoantibiotics. Additionally, the utilization of nanoencapsulation systems can help to beat the issues of, those with toxicity natures, and target drug delivery problems. This review encompasses the antibiotic resistance prevalence, mechanisms, and therefore the use of nanoparticles as antibacterial and drug delivery systems to overcome the antibiotic resistance challenges of bacteria. Overall, this review paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the complexity of the matter of emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria even for brand spanking new synthesized antibiotics. Therefore the availability of such knowledge will allow researchers to supply detailed studies about the applications of nanoparticles in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. ","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128939776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A validated method for coumarin quantification in Meliloti herba and its ethanolic extracts using micellar thin-layer chromatography","authors":"Verushkin Aleksey G, Kulikov Artem Yu, Kutsanyan Andranik A","doi":"10.29328/journal.aac.1001024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.aac.1001024","url":null,"abstract":"A micellar thin-layer chromatography method for the quantitative determination and validation of coumarin in Meliloti herba and its ethanolic extracts was developed and validated. For achieving good determination, the mobile phase of 5 x 10-4 mol/L Tween-80 in a mixture propanol-2 – water (5:95 v/v) was used. Densitometric determination was carried out at 275 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.1-2.5 μg per band. The proposed method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate; replacing hazardous solvents by greener ones correspond to the modern requirements in “Green chemistry” concepts. The obtained data can be used for the routine analysis of coumarin in medical plant and extracts.","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122863805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosive base neutralization process: Review","authors":"J. Rani","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001021","url":null,"abstract":"A balance response is the point at which a corrosive and a base respond to shape water and a salt and includes the mix of H+ particles and OH-particles to produce water. The balance of a solid corrosive and solid base has a pH equivalent to 7.","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129482299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropollutants in wastewater irrigation systems: Impacts and perspectives","authors":"Jimena Lázaro Gil","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001019","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and the increasing global population pose a severe threat to the availability of freshwater in the world. Over consumption of water and deteriorating water quality are problems that should be addressed in order to ensure water availability for the coming decades. In this context, the increasing presence of micropollutants in water has shown to cause detrimental impact on water quality, given the negative disturbances that they can cause on human health and on the environment. Thus, it is important to study and quantify the presence of micropollutants in water bodies and also in regenerated wastewater based irrigation systems.","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132994112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of waste streams containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX): Practical implications and brief perspectives","authors":"Srishti Singh","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001018","url":null,"abstract":"Benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylene (X), collectively named as BTEX are mono-aromatic ring compounds with a 6-carbon benzene ring. Due to the presence of the aromatic ring, these compounds, especially benzene, are generally considered to be non-reactive species [1]. However, they are known to undergo hydrogenation and certain substitution reaction depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. Their solubility in water is usually low (i.e. relatively hydrophobic in nature) due to the low octanol-water partition coef icient (Kow) values which favour hydrophilic dissolution [2]. BTEX compounds are relatively insoluble in water and in some situations, their levels have been recorded at up to 1000 mg/L, which is much higher than the allowed maximum contaminant level of 0.005 mg/L for B, 1 mg/L for T, 0.7 mg/L for E, and a total of 10 mg/L for all three forms of X [3]. They are released into the natural environment (air, water, soil and sediments) due to land ill leaching, underground storage tanks, accidents during oil transportation and pipeline leakage from petroleum and chemical industries [4]. BTEX compounds are transported through several metres at oil-spill sites causing them to be persistent pollutants in both soil and water environments [5]. The persistence presence of BTEX in air and the transportation to water bodies has been reported as a result of rainfall [6]. BTEX compounds exists together in the environment suggesting that their toxicity is ampli ied through their interactions with one another. The composition of BTEX in gasoline is: m-xylene (31%), toluene (26%), o-xylene (12%), ethylbenzene (11%), benzene (11%), p-xylene (9%). BTEX are harmful to human and aquatic life due to its inherent toxic and carcinogenic properties. Acute exposure can cause tiredness, dizziness, headache, loss of coordination, skin, sensory irritation, chronic kidney disease and also affect the liver and blood system [7]. BTEX compounds can be released from a variety of sources such as petrochemical industry waste streams, household wastes, municipal land ills as well as groundwater plumes, especially when they are located at a considerable distance from an oil spill site [8,9]. BTEX are also few of the compounds responsible for the formation of ground level ozone and are considered as priority environmental pollutants by the US-EPA [10].","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stoichiometric approach to redox back titrations in ethanol analyses","authors":"A. Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, T. Michałowski","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Gateway to Metal Resistance: Bacterial Response to Heavy Metal Toxicity in the Biological Environment","authors":"Loai Aljerf, Nuha AlMasri","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001012","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals and metalloids are dangerous because they have the tendency to bioaccumulate in biological organisms over a period of time. However, it is conceived that a number of phytochemical agents as well microorganism can act as heavy metal removing agent both from human beings and the environment surrounding. For instance, microbes are used for the removal of heavy metals from the water bodies including bacteria, fungi, algae and yeast. This review shows that bacteria can play an important role in understanding the uptake and potential removal behaviour of heavy metal ions. The bacteria are chosen based on their resistance to heavy metals (incl. their toxicities) and capacity of adsorbing them. Due to specifi c resistance transfer factors, cell impermeability is drastically inhibited by several ion (i.e. mercury, cadmium, cobalt, copper, arsenic) forms. Between these elements, free-ion cadmium and copper concentrations in the biological medium provide more accurate determination of metal concentrations that affect the bacteria, than with most of the other existing media. Metal toxicity is usually assessed by using appropriate metal ion chelators and adjusting pH factor. Bacteria and metals in the ecosystem can form synergistic or antagonistic relationships, supplying each other with nutrients or energy sources, or producing toxins to reduce growth and competition for limiting nutritional elements. Thus, this relation may present a more sustainable approach for the restoration of contaminated sources. Review Article A Gateway to Metal Resistance: Bacterial Response to Heavy Metal Toxicity in the Biological Environment Loai Aljerf1* and Nuha AlMasri2 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Mazzeh Highway, Almazzeh, Damascus, Syria 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria *Address for Correspondence: Loai Aljerf, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Mazzeh Highway, Almazzeh, Damascus, Syria, Tel: +963-93 34 46 993; Email: envirochrom@hotmail.com; loai.aljerf@aol.com Submitted: 21 June 2018 Approved: 01 September 2018 Published: 03 September 2018 Copyright: ©2018 Aljerf L, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129769104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Residues for Future Energy Option in Sudan: An Analysis","authors":"A. Omer","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.AAC.1001011","url":null,"abstract":"Like many tropical countries, Sudan has ample biomass resources that can be efficiently exploited in a manner that is both profitable and sustainable. Fuel-wood farming offers cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy solutions for Sudan, with the added benefit of providing sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. This article provides an overview of biomass energy activities and highlights future plans concerning optimum technical and economical utilization of biomass energy available in Sudan. Results suggest that biomass energy technologies must be encouraged, promoted, implemented, and fully demonstrated in Sudan.","PeriodicalId":285422,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Advances in Chemistry","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133793517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}