{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety","authors":"L. Murray","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Social injustice in the workplace is demonstrated by health disparities and by disproportionate representation of workers of color in the most hazardous jobs. It is also demonstrated by the lack of workplace democracy. It reflects injustice in other spheres of society. This chapter describes social injustice regarding occupational health and safety in both historical and present-day contexts. It also describes other issues, such as the impact of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a theoretical framework for health inequities, income disparities in the United States, unemployment and job insecurity, and issues related to gender, race, ethnicity, and class. It then describes social injustice issues related to prison labor, child labor, and immigrant workers. The chapter addresses what needs to be done, including educating workers and communities, addressing structural racism and preventing discrimination, promoting workplace democracy, improving surveillance and research, and reforming OSHA and workers’ compensation. A text box addresses economic globalization: austerity, income inequality, and corporate control.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130278419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Social Justice Through Public Health Practice","authors":"A. Plough, P. Gandhi","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the need to make social justice a goal of public health practice. The chapter discusses the roles of public health agencies at the federal, state, and local levels as well as the roles of philanthropic organizations, using the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as an illustrative example. It is necessary for health departments to develop social justice strategies that link health disparities to root causes in the political economy and develop policy changes and social actions to create fundamental changes in these root causes. The author asserts that for public health practice to better address social injustice, there will need to be a fundamental shift in the core (or essential) functions of public health.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133070111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Health with Equitable and Sustainable Human Development","authors":"R. Jolly","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Progress toward social justice in public health requires actions to reduce the extremes of social injustice, well beyond health and health services, within each country and globally. Economic inequalities have never been greater than now, although structural inequalities of power, income, and living standards have long been present throughout the world. This chapter describes how social injustice can be reduced by promoting equitable and sustainable human development. It discusses economic and social requirements for a greater justice in public health, myths about the costs of equity and social justice, and multidimensional indicators of poverty and inequalities. It concludes with a discussion of what needs to be done, including making equity an economic priority, providing international support, utilizing the Sustainable Development Goals for poverty reduction, and taking other actions toward social justice. Two text boxes address the roles of international nongovernmental organizations and foundations in promoting equitable and sustainable human development.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127564121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women","authors":"Gina Maranto","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses several major issues of social injustice as they adversely affect the health and well-being of women. The chapter begins with a discussion of new modes of social action supporting women and women’s rights, starting with the 2017 Women’s March. Sections of the chapter address violence, war, and forced migration; sustainability and gender equity; family planning and related issues; abortion; infertility and assisted reproduction; and other issues. The final section of the chapter examines what needs to be done to address these issues, with an emphasis on violence, sustainability and gender equity, and reproductive and health issues.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People with Disabilities","authors":"Nora Ellen Groce","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199939220.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939220.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the social injustice experienced by people with disabilities and how this social injustice impacts their health. More than 1 billion people live with a physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental health impairment significant enough to make a difference in their daily lives. The chapter addresses poverty, access to healthcare, disability-specific resources, HIV/AIDS and disability, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The author asserts that a critical next step is building awareness that people with disabilities must be included in all work on development, social justice, and health, and building the commitment to do so. What distinguishes people with disabilities is not their common needs, but the fact that many of these needs continue to be unmet. Public health workers can play important roles in meeting this challenge, ensuring that disability issues are routinely included in all phases of public health practice, education, and research.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Social Injustice on Public Health","authors":"B. Levy","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Social injustice creates conditions that adversely affect the health of individuals and communities. It denies individuals and groups equal opportunity to have their basic human needs met. It violates fundamental human rights. It represents a lack of fairness or equity. This chapter provides two broad definitions of social injustice. It gives examples of social injustice, both within the United States and internationally. It describes adverse health effects related to social injustice. And it outlines ways in which health professionals and others can work to minimize social injustice and its adverse health consequences. Text boxes describe concepts of social justice, as well as the relationship between science and social justice. The Appendix to the chapter contains the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129262979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Health","authors":"B. Levy","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the adverse impact of social injustice on environmental health. Environmental pollution is a social injustice for all people, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries and, within countries, low-income people, minority groups, and other marginalized populations. The chapter describes the evolution of the environmental justice movement and the studies that have demonstrated disproportionate exposures and the disproportionate occurrence of pollution-related diseases among low-income people, minority groups, and other marginalized populations. A separate section describes the environmental and health consequences of global climate change. Three text boxes focus on childhood lead poisoning, the impact of natural disasters on social justice, and on the new interdiscipilinary field of planetary health.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114539829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender/Transsexual People","authors":"E. Lombardi, T. Bettcher","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes social injustice experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender/transsexual (LGBT) individuals. It addresses stigma-based violence, HIV/AIDS, and issues related to mental health as well as to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. It describes the increased risk that LGBT men and women face for cardiovascular disease and cancer. In addition, the chapter addresses the underlying factors and roots of this social injustice. The chapter addresses what needs to be done, including changes to legislative and other policies, an expanded role for healthcare facilities and organizations, and ongoing research. The authors stress the need for a change in the social environment that creates social injustice against LGBT people—a change that can only be brought about through education and by addressing multiple forms of social injustice.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115621705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth M. Moore, Theresa H. Cheng, Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi, L. Gelberg
{"title":"People Who Are Homeless","authors":"Elizabeth M. Moore, Theresa H. Cheng, Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi, L. Gelberg","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190914653.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 100 million people globally suffer from absolute homelessness. The estimated number of people who are homeless in the United States at any given point in time is about 550,000. Mortality and disease severity of people who are homeless far exceed those of the general population because of extreme poverty, delays in seeking medical care, nonadherence to therapy, substance use disorders, and psychological impairment. Many of their health problems, such as infections due to crowded living conditions in shelters, hypothermia from exposure to extreme cold, and malnutrition due to limited access to food and cooking facilities are a direct result of homelessness. This chapter addresses in detail infectious diseases, substance abuse, obesity, mental health problems, and causes of death in this population. It also addresses access to and use of healthcare services. It addresses the roots of and underlying issues related to these problems. Finally, it addresses what needs to be done.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130859577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infectious Diseases","authors":"J. Mukherjee, P. Farmer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The burden of infectious disease cases and deaths falls most heavily on low-income countries. This chapter describes structural inequities and the disproportionate burden of infectious diseases on the poor and provides many examples. It addresses roots and underlying factors, including inadequate support for public works and infrastructure, inadequate protection of social and economic rights, poverty, violence, and inadequate access to medical care and antibiotics. The authors assert that addressing the differential prevalence of infectious diseases requires a holistic approach that incorporates the social determinants of health and promotes prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The chapter describes in detail the global AIDS movement and its accomplishments. The authors conclude that human suffering due to infectious disease can be alleviated if social injustice is comprehensively addressed. A text box describes a man with tuberculosis who eventually dies of the disease because of inadequate access to quality medical care and necessary medications.","PeriodicalId":285396,"journal":{"name":"Social Injustice and Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133551808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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