South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Pre- and Post-Covid Analysis of Earnings Management and Financial Distress Among Nairobi Securities Exchange-Listed Firms","authors":"Charles Guandaru Kamau, Christine Kanana Murori","doi":"10.61250/ssmj/v1.i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61250/ssmj/v1.i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Earnings management and financial distress are two important aspects of financial management in corporations that have attracted significant attention in academic research and practical applications. The main objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of financial distress on earnings management practices in companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the research aims to investigate the causal relationship between earnings management and financial distress. By analyzing data from 37 publicly listed companies before and after COVID-19, the study aims to understand how financial distress affects earnings management, while considering control variables such as firm size, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and inflation rates. The findings from the analysis before COVID-19 show a significant and positive correlation between financial strain and earnings management in companies. In contrast, the analysis during the post-COVID era indicates that the correlation between financial distress and earnings management is not statistically significant. However, the research findings highlight the significant role of firm size, which has a negative influence on earnings management. Specifically, smaller companies are more likely to engage in earnings management activities during the post-COVID period compared to larger corporations, as revealed by the results of this meticulous study.","PeriodicalId":284976,"journal":{"name":"South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Perceived Benefits on the Adoption of Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms by Trade Unions in Kenya","authors":"Fatuma Ahmed Khmis, Mary Ibua, Matata Kilungu, Damaris Monari","doi":"10.61250/ssmj/v1.i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61250/ssmj/v1.i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) are the methods of dispute resolution other than courtroom litigation. Reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, and traditional dispute settlement are all recognized ADR mechanisms under Kenya's constitution which is supreme. ADR mechanisms thus come into play in order to resolve disputes outside of court, such as arbitration or mediation. Trade Unions are associations of employees with the sole responsibility of negotiating for better conditions of work as well as social positions of employees through collective bargaining. Their approach can also be both constructive and destructive to organizational performance. (Kariuki, 2018). In Kenya, Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms were formally recognized after the promulgation of the constitution in 2010 under Article 159(2)(C). The article prescribed that courts should be guided by the need to promote ADR. This was necessitated by delays in the resolution of employee complaints leading to poor organizational performance and failure by institutions to fully implement Collective Bargaining Agreements. There has also been a steady rise in labor disputes in Kenya, for instance, the rampant disputes and strikes witnessed from Universities Academic Staff, Kenya Medical practitioners and other unions. The study objective was to determine the influence of perceived benefits in the adoption of ADR mechanism by Trade Unions in Kenya. The study was done at Kenya National Union of Teacher Union in Kenya. Theoretically, the study was anchored on Reason Action Theory (TRA) and Social Influence Theory (SIT). The study found out that perceived benefits significantly influence adoption of ADR mechanisms in Trade Unions in Kenya. The study concluded that a policy document needs to be put in place to enlightened and guide the Trade Unions Officials on the adoption of ADR mechanisms in resolving industrial disputes. Since it was observed some respondents had less or no knowledge on the adoption of ADR by Trade Unions in Kenya. The study recommends Trade Unions should adopt the use of ADR mechanisms in resolving industrial disputes, ensure organizations are given more knowledge on the benefits of adopting ADR mechanisms, create policies on direction of ADR mechanisms, as well as investing in the right knowledge on adoption of ADR mechanisms to boost on adopting ADR mechanisms by Trade unions in Kenya. The study also gives suggestions for further research.  ","PeriodicalId":284976,"journal":{"name":"South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal","volume":"60 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Survey Linking Antecedents of LMX Relationships and PWDs Institutions Performance: An Assessment of PWDs Institutions in Kenya","authors":"Scholastica N. Ratanya","doi":"10.61250/ssmj/v1.i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61250/ssmj/v1.i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The modern working world has made strides in building a stronger equitable society. There has been great resilience in including policies that ensure persons living with disability play their economic role. The current study was guided by two objectives: effect of transformational leader-characteristics as antecedents of LMX on organization performance in PWDs in Mombasa and Kilifi Counties and moderating effect of organization culture on LMX and organization performance in PWDs institution in Mombasa and Kilifi Counties; Leader-Member exchange theory and social exchange theory formed the theoretical foundation of this study. A conceptual framework showing the correlation of the study’s variables is also given. The study applied descriptive research design and the target population of the study was managers and subordinates at all levels within the organizations. Stratified sampling, convenience sampling and random sampling techniques were used to generate the sample size. A sample size of twenty-five (25) respondents two (2) to three (3) employees from every department. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for the study. The study conducted and applied Cronbach alpha reliability estimate. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze data. The study results provided a good governance framework of engaging their business networks within their localities. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21 was used. One of the significant findings was the realization that there was an increment in leader-characteristics of leaders in organizations. One of the conclusions of the study was that when leaders believe in their own abilities this often-enhanced LMX relationships hence improved organizational performance. A key recommendation of this study was the need for the Government ministries concerned with PWDs mainstreaming in the organizations have specific leadership practices that help build effective LMX relationships in organizations.  ","PeriodicalId":284976,"journal":{"name":"South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cash conversion Cycle on Profitability: A case study of Binathman Supermarkets in Kenya","authors":"Alice Ruguru Ngari","doi":"10.61250/ssmj/v1.i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61250/ssmj/v1.i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research study is to investigate the relationship between the cash conversion cycle (CCC) and profitability in the context of Binathman Household Supermarket in Mombasa County. The study examines how the management of receivables, cash, payables, and inventories impact the supermarket's profitability. The literary examination scrutinizes antecedent research investigations that have explored the connection between managing working capital and profitability in various sectors. Theoretical frameworks, for example, the operating cycle theory and the trade-off theory of liquidity, give important insights into the variables that influence decisions on working capital and their impact on profitability. The study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the effect of inventory conversion, receivables conversion, and payables conversion on profitability. The study employs secondary data and measures profitability through return on assets (ROA). The research findings indicate a significant negative relationship between the cash conversion cycle and profitability. A shortened CCC leads to increased profitability by improving cash flow, reducing financing costs, and enhancing operational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":284976,"journal":{"name":"South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124870350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Corporate governance on Financial Distress among the Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange","authors":"Charles Guandaru Kamau, Regnold Oyoti, Benjamin Kavure Muzungu","doi":"10.61250/ssmj/v1.i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61250/ssmj/v1.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the intricate effect of corporate governance on financial distress in Kenya among the firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The recent economic growth and development in Kenya have attracted increased attention to the effectiveness of corporate governance practices adopted by businesses. The study examines the effect of various corporate governance factors, such as Board Size, Board Independence, Audit Committee Independence, and Firm Size, on financial distress in listed companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. To evaluate the significance of each factor in influencing financial distress, the analysis employs a Type I Sum of Squares approach using XLSTAT software. The findings reveal that Board Size and Firm Size exhibit highly significant relationships with financial distress, indicating their crucial roles in influencing a company's financial stability. Furthermore, Board Independence demonstrates a statistically significant relationship with financial distress, underscoring the importance of independent directors in mitigating financial risks. Although Audit Committee Independence exhibits borderline significance, it provides indications of a potential relationship with financial distress. Overall, the study offers valuable insights into the factors affecting financial distress in Kenyan companies and emphasizes the significance of robust corporate governance practices in ensuring financial stability and resilience.","PeriodicalId":284976,"journal":{"name":"South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130708019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of On-the-Job Training Techniques on Performance of SMES in Mombasa County","authors":"Mary Ibua, Anne Kariuki, Charles Guandaru Kamau","doi":"10.61250/ssmj/v1.i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61250/ssmj/v1.i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations rely largely on their employees to deliver high-quality production and performance. This means that staff needs to be skilled and knowledgeable, which can only be achieved through learning and development. Most small and medium-sized (SMEs) organizations hardly train their staff, and as such, performance is affected. This can be seen in the poor performance of some SMEs. To change this trend, it is thought that improving the competence and capacity of the employees can improve their performance. Training, especially on-the-job training, will give the SME in the construction sector hands-on experience. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of on-the-job training techniques on the performance of SMEs. The specific objectives covered employee coaching and apprenticeships. The study was anchored on social learning theory and human capital theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population was stratified as per the position held in the organization. Primary data was collected through the use of structured questionnaires, which were self-administered to the respondents. The data was analyzed using SPPS, where descriptive analysis was done to obtain means, standard deviations, and inferential statistics. Pearson Moment of Correlation analysis was conducted to test the strength of the variables, and regression analysis was done to check the relationship between the study variables. The study established that employee coaching and apprenticeship all had a significant and positive effect on the performance of SME. The study concludes that on-the-job training techniques have a significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommends that training is very significant in improving the performance of SMEs, hence it should be embraced in the construction sector. As such, there should be more investment in enhancing training programs so as to drive organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":284976,"journal":{"name":"South Sahara Multidisciplinary Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134537352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}