{"title":"Achieving Consistent SDN Control With Declarative Applications","authors":"Wen Wang, Cong Liu, Jinshu Su, Wenbo He","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2959060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2959060","url":null,"abstract":"Software-defined networking enables applications act as blackboxes independently to control the network flexibly. However, these independent applications may generate conflicting control decisions. To reconcile applications automatically and dynamically, we implement control applications with Prolog, which enables applications to execute jointly to make consistent control decisions. When conflicts occur, we design a compromise algorithm by sacrificing a subset of applications to maximize the desired control objectives.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115716254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ki-Suh Lee, Han Wang, Vishal Shrivastav, Hakim Weatherspoon
{"title":"Globally Synchronized Time via Datacenter Networks","authors":"Ki-Suh Lee, Han Wang, Vishal Shrivastav, Hakim Weatherspoon","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2934885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2934885","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present Datacenter Time Protocol (DTP), a clock synchronization protocol that does not use packets at all, but is able to achieve nanosecond precision. In essence, DTP uses the physical layer of network devices to implement a decentralized clock synchronization protocol. By doing so, DTP eliminates most non-deterministic elements in clock synchronization protocols. Further, DTP uses control messages in the physical layer for communicating hundreds of thousands of protocol messages without interfering with higher layer packets. Thus, DTP has virtually zero overhead since it does not add load at layers 2 or higher layers. It does require replacing network devices, which can be done incrementally. We demonstrate that the precision provided by DTP is bounded by 25.6 nanoseconds for directly connected nodes, and in general, is bounded by 4TD where D is the longest distance between any two servers in a network in terms of number of hops and T is the period of the fastest clock (≈ 6.4ns). Moreover, in software, a DTP daemon can access the DTP clock with usually better than 4T (≈ 25.6ns) precision. As a result, the end-to-end precision can be better than 4T D + 8T nanoseconds. By contrast, the precision of the state of the art protocol is not bounded: The precision is hundreds of nanoseconds when a network is idle and can decrease to hundreds of microseconds when a network is heavily congested.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121055345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application-specific Acceleration Framework for Mobile Applications","authors":"Byungkwon Choi, Jeongmin Kim, Dongsu Han","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2959049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2959049","url":null,"abstract":"Minimizing response times for mobile applications is critical for quality user experience that often impacts the revenue of mobile services. Generalized approaches to accelerated mobile applications (e.g., TCP acceleration, SPDY, compression) are less effective because they do not take account for application specific behaviors. In contrast, application specific approaches build application-specific proxies by leveraging the app-specific protocol behaviors to enable dynamic caching and/or prefetching. However, this is non-trivial because it requires manual analysis of application level protocols and their interactions. Therefore, only a small number of apps enjoyed the benefit. This paper addresses the problem of scaling the number of applications by automating the process. To this end, we present a framework for mobile application acceleration that leverages automatic protocol analysis to automatically discover opportunities for app acceleration. The framework automatically finds out when and where to prefetch or perform dynamic caching. We present the framework design and a preliminary result that demonstrates its viability.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"52 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123459377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast Control Plane Analysis Using an Abstract Representation","authors":"Aaron Gember, Raajay Viswanathan, Aditya Akella, Ratul Mahajan","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2934876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2934876","url":null,"abstract":"Networks employ complex, and hence error-prone, routing control plane configurations. In many cases, the impact of errors manifests only under failures and leads to devastating effects. Thus, it is important to proactively verify control plane behavior under arbitrary link failures. State-of-the-art verifiers are either too slow or impractical to use for such verification tasks. In this paper we propose a new high level abstraction for control planes, ARC, that supports fast control plane analyses under arbitrary failures. ARC can check key invariants without generating the data plane--which is the main reason for current tools' ineffectiveness. This is possible because of the nature of verification tasks and the constrained nature of control plane designs in networks today. We develop algorithms to derive a network's ARC from its configuration files. Our evaluation over 314 networks shows that ARC computation is quick, and that ARC can verify key invariants in under 1s in most cases, which is orders-of-magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Flach, P. Papageorge, A. Terzis, Luis Pedrosa, Yuchung Cheng, Tayeb Karim, Ethan Katz-Bassett, R. Govindan
{"title":"An Internet-Wide Analysis of Traffic Policing","authors":"Tobias Flach, P. Papageorge, A. Terzis, Luis Pedrosa, Yuchung Cheng, Tayeb Karim, Ethan Katz-Bassett, R. Govindan","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2934873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2934873","url":null,"abstract":"Large flows like videos consume significant bandwidth. Some ISPs actively manage these high volume flows with techniques like policing, which enforces a flow rate by dropping excess traffic. While the existence of policing is well known, our contribution is an Internet-wide study quantifying its prevalence and impact on video quality metrics. We developed a heuristic to identify policing from server-side traces and built a pipeline to deploy it at scale on traces from a large online content provider, collected from hundreds of servers worldwide. Using a dataset of 270 billion packets served to 28,400 client ASes, we find that, depending on region, up to 7% of lossy transfers are policed. Loss rates are on average six times higher when a trace is policed, and it impacts video playback quality. We show that alternatives to policing, like pacing and shaping, can achieve traffic management goals while avoiding the deleterious effects of policing.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130788877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liqiong Chang, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Ju Wang, Junhao Hu, Dingyi Fang, Wei Wang
{"title":"TafLoc: Time-adaptive and Fine-grained Device-free Localization with Little Cost","authors":"Liqiong Chang, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Ju Wang, Junhao Hu, Dingyi Fang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2959051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2959051","url":null,"abstract":"Many emerging applications drive the needs of device-free localization (DfL), in which the target can be localized without any device attached. Because of the ubiquitousness of WiFi infrastructures nowadays, the widely available Received Signal Strength (RSS) information at the WiFi Access points are commonly employed for localization purposes. However, current RSS based DfL systems have one main drawback hindering their real-life applications. That is, the RSS measurements (fingerprints) vary slowly in time even without any change in the environment and frequent updates of RSS at each location lead to a high human labor cost. In this paper, we propose an RSS based low cost DfL system named TafLoc which is able to accurately localize the target over a long time scale. To reduce the amount of human labor cost in updating the RSS fingerprints, TafLoc represents the RSS fingerprints as a matrix which has several unique properties. Based on these properties, we propose a novel fingerprint matrix reconstruction scheme to update the whole fingerprint database with just a few RSS measurements, thus the labor cost is greatly reduced. Extensive experiments illustrate the effectiveness of TafLoc, outperforming the state-of-the-art RSS based DfL systems.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133118514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrios Gkounis, Felix Klaedtke, R. Bifulco, Ghassan O. Karame
{"title":"Cases for Including a Reference Monitor to SDN","authors":"Dimitrios Gkounis, Felix Klaedtke, R. Bifulco, Ghassan O. Karame","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2959066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2959066","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract written","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115397317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SLA-NFV: an SLA-aware High Performance Framework for Network Function Virtualization","authors":"Chen Sun, J. Bi, Zhilong Zheng, Hongxin Hu","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2959058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2959058","url":null,"abstract":"We propose SLA-NFV, a Service Level Agreement (SLA) aware framework, for building high-performance NFV, focusing on fulfilling SLAs of service subscribers (or tenants). SLA-NFV leverages a hybrid infrastructure with both software and programmable hardware to enhance NFV’s capability with respect to various SLAs. Evaluations show that a hybrid service chain could reduce latency by up to 60% compared with a pure soft- ware service chain.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124379140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bojie Li, Kun Tan, Layong Luo, Yanqing Peng, Renqian Luo, Ningyi Xu, Y. Xiong, Peng Cheng
{"title":"ClickNP: Highly Flexible and High Performance Network Processing with Reconfigurable Hardware","authors":"Bojie Li, Kun Tan, Layong Luo, Yanqing Peng, Renqian Luo, Ningyi Xu, Y. Xiong, Peng Cheng","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2934897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2934897","url":null,"abstract":"Highly flexible software network functions (NFs) are crucial components to enable multi-tenancy in the clouds. However, software packet processing on a commodity server has limited capacity and induces high latency. While software NFs could scale out using more servers, doing so adds significant cost. This paper focuses on accelerating NFs with programmable hardware, i.e., FPGA, which is now a mature technology and inexpensive for datacenters. However, FPGA is predominately programmed using low-level hardware description languages (HDLs), which are hard to code and difficult to debug. More importantly, HDLs are almost inaccessible for most software programmers. This paper presents ClickNP, a FPGA-accelerated platform for highly flexible and high-performance NFs with commodity servers. ClickNP is highly flexible as it is completely programmable using high-level C-like languages, and exposes a modular programming abstraction that resembles Click Modular Router. ClickNP is also high performance. Our prototype NFs show that they can process traffic at up to 200 million packets per second with ultra-low latency ($< 2mu$s). Compared to existing software counterparts, with FPGA, ClickNP improves throughput by 10x, while reducing latency by 10x. To the best of our knowledge, ClickNP is the first FPGA-accelerated platform for NFs, written completely in high-level language and achieving 40 Gbps line rate at any packet size.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114819493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keqiang He, Eric Rozner, K. Agarwal, Y. Gu, Wes Felter, J. Carter, Aditya Akella
{"title":"AC/DC TCP: Virtual Congestion Control Enforcement for Datacenter Networks","authors":"Keqiang He, Eric Rozner, K. Agarwal, Y. Gu, Wes Felter, J. Carter, Aditya Akella","doi":"10.1145/2934872.2934903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2934872.2934903","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-tenant datacenters are successful because tenants can seamlessly port their applications and services to the cloud. Virtual Machine (VM) technology plays an integral role in this success by enabling a diverse set of software to be run on a unified underlying framework. This flexibility, however, comes at the cost of dealing with out-dated, inefficient, or misconfigured TCP stacks implemented in the VMs. This paper investigates if administrators can take control of a VM's TCP congestion control algorithm without making changes to the VM or network hardware. We propose AC/DC TCP, a scheme that exerts fine-grained control over arbitrary tenant TCP stacks by enforcing per-flow congestion control in the virtual switch (vSwitch). Our scheme is light-weight, flexible, scalable and can police non-conforming flows. In our evaluation the computational overhead of AC/DC TCP is less than one percentage point and we show implementing an administrator-defined congestion control algorithm in the vSwitch (i.e., DCTCP) closely tracks its native performance, regardless of the VM's TCP stack.","PeriodicalId":284960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGCOMM Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117096613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}