{"title":"THE CASE FOR USING COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE THE SUPPLY OF PUBLIC GOODS IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY","authors":"M. John","doi":"10.1080/03088839400000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839400000012","url":null,"abstract":"In an era in which economists have rediscovered their belief in the economic efficiency of free markets and espoused privatization as a policy means of achieving these benefits, perhaps it is advisable to consider some of the difficulties markets have in supplying public and merit goods. In the following article, the case of the Hydrographic Service is used to illustrate the problem of relying on free markets to provide maritime safety services and the difficulties of using traditional accounting methods to assess the adequacy of that provision. It is also argued that the technique of cost benefit analysis should be used to assess the adequacy of the supply of public goods and a framework is suggested for the evaluative structure.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Considerations for the Establishment of a National Maritime Policy and its Relation with Hydrographic Services","authors":"H. Gorziglia","doi":"10.1080/07266472.1996.10878472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07266472.1996.10878472","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to outline the importance of the sea on the growth, development and welfare of nations, as a fact to be considered by the government sectors of each country. An introductory comment and a definition of some national maritime objectives are followed by the main topic, \" Issues to be considered when establishing a National Maritime Policy\", which is developed in seven sections. The conclusion considers the impact of such a National Maritime Policy on the hydrographic and oceanographic fields and highlights the important role that Hydrographic Services can play in this context. The idea which inspired the drafting of this article is that the suggestions presented, after being developed with further study and review, may be adopted by national institutions as a contribution to the national policy of each country. Public and private debate may help nations to develop a national maritime policy to conduct their future development. The author hopes that the ideas and proposals drafted in the paper will be useful for experts or institutions dealing with maritime affairs or other related activities","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126058097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Has Sable Island Been for the Past 200 Years","authors":"D. H. Gray","doi":"10.1139/GEOMAT-1992-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/GEOMAT-1992-0028","url":null,"abstract":"The location of Sable Island (44°N, 60°W) has been positioned by six independent surveys over the past 200 years. This paper correlates the surveys based on the limited number of common points and comments on the surveying methods that were employed and concludes that the various positions are more due to the quality of surveying than to the shifting of the island. The implications, both in terms of hydrographic charting and legal basis of sovereignty of maritime areas, are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125170887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contour Processing and 3-D Image Processing of Sea Beam Bathymetric Data","authors":"A. Asada","doi":"10.11212/JJCA1963.24.4_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11212/JJCA1963.24.4_12","url":null,"abstract":"The Sea Beam system was installed aboard the survey vessel Takuyo (Nakanishi, 1985), in September 1983. It is currently used for continental shelf surveys, bathymetric surveys for predicting earthquakes and other survey activities. Besides these activities, we have been engaged in the development of a computerized system for drawing precise bathymetric charts based on digital Sea Beam data logged on magnetic tapes. So far we have completed two programs — one for drawing bathymetric contour charts aboard a survey vessel and the other for drawing bathymetric contour charts on shore. By means of the former program one can gradually draw depth contours covering the swath width of Sea Beam along the track of the survey vessel. The latter program enables one to draw very precise bathymetric charts through batch processing of all Sea Beam data of the area surveyed. Incorporated in the latter program are data processing steps to delete defective data, reduce dispersion of data, make a mesh system and adjust the mesh size according to the depth of water. Furthermore, taking advantage of the precision and high density of Sea Beam data, the author developed a three-dimensional image processing program to represent clearly the topography of the seafloor. We have used these programs with the Sea Beam data obtained in bathymetric surveys, and as a result have confirmed their practicability and validity.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132264825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of International Standards on the Training and Education of Hydrographers","authors":"A. Kerr","doi":"10.1139/TCS-1985-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/TCS-1985-0039","url":null,"abstract":"In 1972 two international organizations — FIG (Federation Internationale des Geometres) and IHO (International Hydrographic Organization) — decided that some form of international accreditation for hydrographic surveyors was desirable. The former was concerned with the need for commercial firms working in the offshore to have some recognized certification of the quality of staff which they might employ. The latter was driving towards providing developing nations with a capability in hydrographic surveying and this meant the training of personnel. A jointly sponsored working group was set up, which later led to the formation of an International Advisory Board. A standard Syllabus and recommended levels of experience were established. It was realized from the start that individual accreditation was impractical and a decision was reached to accredit individual teaching establishments. They in turn could provide individual certification if they wished. The Board and the Standards have now been in place for eight years. The process is now well established and, although amendments have been made each year to fit new and changing circumstances, the result has been to increase the completeness and quality of hydrographic training throughout the world. Institutions which had apparent gaps or weaknesses in their Syllabi have been urged to improve them. Schools, such as the Indian Navy’s Hydrographic School at Goa, funded partly by UNDP, now offer their courses to developing countries on an international standard that is followed by several advanced industrial nations, including France, the United States and the U.K..","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124725963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Legal Liability of the Chartmaker","authors":"P. Troop","doi":"10.1139/TCS-1983-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/TCS-1983-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in the law have imposed increased liability and responsibility on Government Departments and Agencies providing services to the public. The Canadian Hydrographic Service, as the Crown Agency providing reliable information to the marine navigator, must be aware of the legal responsibilities and duties and the extent to which the Crown may be liable for shipping casualties and other marine accidents. The degree of reliance placed on charts and other nautical publications of the CHS potentially exposes the Government of Canada, under the Crown Liability Act , to claims by ship owners and cargo owners for damages ranging up to many millions of dollars based upon misleading or inaccurate charts. Members of the CHS need to be aware of this responsibility and take all necessary measures to protect and to limit this potential exposure of the Government of Canada. The importance of the CHS establishing standards of excellence and providing for mechanisms to ensure that these standards of excellence are met is emphasized. Special reference is made to the legal problems and other scientific investigations and the manner by which the Crown can discharge its responsibility and limit its liability there for. The heavy reliance by Government and the marine public on the hydrographer’s creditability and expertise is also described, as well as the use to which the information and results are put. The legal problems associated with changing technology, new procedures and the updating of older charts and publications to meet modem charting standards are reviewed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124655989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrographic Surveying in the Great Lakes During the Nineteenth Century","authors":"R. W. Sandilands","doi":"10.1139/TCS-1982-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/TCS-1982-0017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the development of hydrographic surveys in the Great Lakes during the 19th century. It traces the work of the early Admiralty surveyors and of the U.S. Corps of Engineers through to the formation of the Canadian Hydrographic Service and describes some of the methods used and the hardships faced by the early surveyors.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Illustration of Oceanic Data - (I) : SCALARS","authors":"P. Duncan","doi":"10.3138/D832-8M75-63M5-2140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/D832-8M75-63M5-2140","url":null,"abstract":"Although a wide variety of illustrations is used to illustrate scalar quantities, there are underlying simplicities which (once recognised) can be used to represent data simply and clearly and to label it unambiguously. An extension of the same principles is of some use even when the illustrator tries to put more than one idea in a single diagram.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120919085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Propagation Velocity of Decca-Frequency Transmissions over Sea Ice","authors":"D. H. Gray","doi":"10.1139/TCS-1975-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/TCS-1975-0036","url":null,"abstract":"In April and August 1973, a phase lag comparison test was performed using a double monitor system with the hyperbolic Decca chain established for various scientific surveys in the Amundsen Gulf. The test compared the secondary phase lag effect of sea ice and sea water. The observed values of the August test over sea wafer are consistent with the theoretical formulas of J.R. Johler. The observed values of the April test over sea ice cannot be compared with the formulas because the formulas are based on the assumption of a vertically homogeneous medium and this assumption is not valid in a sea-ice situation. The observed average velocity over sea ice is 299 510 km/sec and over sea water is 299 610 km/sec.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133099660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calibration of Echo Sounders for Offshore Sounding Using Temperature and Depth","authors":"M. Calder","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1974.10440730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1974.10440730","url":null,"abstract":"One of the difficulties confronting hydrographic surveyors in the past lias been that of calibrating echo sounders to compensate for the varying velocity of sound in the water column. Mechanical methods such as bar checks, whilst adequate for shallow water bathymetry, were impractical and inaccurate for depths in excess of about 30 metres. This paper outlines a new and more satisfactory technique.","PeriodicalId":284729,"journal":{"name":"International Hydrographic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134237993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}