Russian Journal of Economics and Law最新文献

{"title":"Development of legislative bases regulating the legal status of foreign citizens in pre-revolutionary Russia of the 18th–20th centuries","authors":"P. Kobets","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.790-807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.790-807","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: the research was conducted in order to analyze historical and legal events related to the genesis of the legislative framework for regulating the legal status of foreign citizens in the pre-revolutionary period in the Russian Empire of the 18th – 20th centuries.Methods: the methodological basis of the work includes the following methods: comparative legal, historical and legal analysis, comparison, synthesis. The author also used specific scientific methods; while solving research tasks, the main processes and events of pre-revolutionary Russian history and rulemaking in the field of migration were studied and analyzed. This approach allowed considering and analyzing the main body of legislative acts of the Russian Empire of the 18th – 20th centuries which regulated the legal status of foreigners to varying degrees.Results: during the analysis of the genesis of the pre-revolutionary period of the legislative framework for regulating the legal status of foreign nationals, it becomes obvious that our country has a good historical experience in this sphere, which could be fully used today. In the course of the research, the author convincingly proved that with the development of the Russian state, the rights of foreign citizens changed. In particular, by activating international relations at the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian authorities did not hinder the processes as a result of which foreign citizens occupied a privileged position in Russia, which necessitated the legal regulation of their status. Characterizing the peculiarities of the legal status of the persons in question, the author focuses on the absence of a single legislative act defining the rights and obligations of foreigners. The author also concludes that in the Russian Empire, the implementation of only Russian legislative norms in relation to foreign subjects was recognized, which served as a basis for foreigners in the country to obey exclusively Russian legislation and be protected by it.Scientific novelty: the work for the first time reveals the essence and patterns of social relations associated with the development of legislative frameworks for regulating the legal status of foreign citizens in pre-revolutionary Russia, compares crisis migration situations of today and other historical epochs, and identifies a strategy and tactics for the legal regulation of problematic migration processes.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues related to the study of the legal status of foreign citizens in pre-revolutionary Russia.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133319248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the notions of distributed ledger technologies and digital assets for harmonization of their joint use","authors":"A. V. Vlasov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.745-761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.745-761","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze the transforming socio-economic relations of the new “digital normality”, to which end the task is solved of bringing into line the terminology used in business turnover between various participants in the digital assets market, in the practical financial activities of economic entities arising in a specific territory, in a certain legal field, and contained in the recommendatory technical documentation (standards).Methods: the article uses systematic and analytical approaches, logical and comparative methods.Results: despite the active use of distributed ledger technologies, theory and practice are currently characterized by a large number of legal and business definitions describing the organization of business processes in this area. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the meaning of various terms of the digital economy was studied. In the course of studying technical terminology, such concepts as a distributed ledger, network nodes, blockchain, etc. were defined. The analysis of financial and economic terms is based on fintech definitions, such as digital asset, cryptocurrency, digital currency, digital financial asset, token, etc. The terms of the digital economy are considered from the perspective of so-called tokenomics, including such as token ecosystem, DLT user, DLT platform, decentralized application, etc.Scientific novelty: the terminology obtained was structured as a theoretical basis with a specification for the digital asset market and use in financial market reform.Practical significance: this review has been prepared: 1) to systematically familiarize the professional community with existing trends; 2) to harmonize socio-economic relations by developing common local recommendations (standards); 3) to develop the market for digital assets produced using distributed ledger technologies through understanding basic concepts.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126368578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of developing business ecosystems: competition, cooperation, specialization","authors":"A. Kobylko","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.728-744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.728-744","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: based on the analysis of modern ecosystems, to determine the promising forms of their dissemination.Methods: abstract-logical research method, methods of information analysis and synthesis were used in the study.Results: in the recent years, ecosystems have been actively developed in management practice. Despite the constant growth of their number, the phenomenon itself has been studied rather poorly, without a clear legal and organizational structure. This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of various scenarios for the formation and functioning of ecosystems; their promising options are identified. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the main approaches to the study of ecosystems are identified: technological, product, and as a set of companies. The Russian practice of ecosystem organization was analyzed, on which basis the key features of ecosystems were identified, distinguishing them from traditional business models. A comprehensive review of the relationships between the constituent elements of the ecosystem was carried out, regarding its partners, stages of formation and specific management methods, and interactions with competitors. The main approaches to the organization of interaction within ecosystems – totalitarian, authoritarian and democratic – were studied. The peculiarities of the organization of competition and partnership of ecosystems with other market participants were also considered. Based on the practice of merging ecosystems, the prospects for the development of mega-ecosystems were determined.Scientific novelty: as a result, a number of approaches to the development of ecosystems in an extensive and intensive aspect were identified. Standard expansion options based on mergers and acquisitions of other enterprises typical of classical companies can be supplemented by interactions of several ecosystems within the framework of common projects and their joint formation. It is determined that the formation of highly specialized ecosystems is a more rational way of their development than the processes of merging and absorption of ecosystems. The scientific novelty also lies in the application of the analysis of internal and external forms of interaction in ecosystems to identify promising forms of development in new sectors of the economy.Practical significance: it consists in offering an original approach to the formation of ecosystem companies, as well as the possibility of creating a combination of a number of services based on a virtual ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital inequality: modernization of Kuznets curve in the digital era","authors":"I. Imasheva, T. Kramin","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.716-727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.716-727","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study the impact of the level of broadband Internet access on income inequality in Russian regions.Methods: econometric modeling using the method of analyzing the relationship between inequality and economic growth, developed by Simon Kuznets, for a sample of 82 Russian regions in 2010–2020.Results: the paper examines the theoretical and practical aspects of income inequality of the population. The basis of many scientific studies is the results obtained by S. Kuznets, repeatedly tested in subsequent works. It is determined that under digital economy, inequality in economic development is also manifested in the spread of broadband Internet access. However, previous studies have not answered whether the further spread of the Internet will lead to increased income inequality. The authors of the study put forward and tested the corresponding hypothesis. Based on the analysis results, the authors draw conclusions about the existence of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and income inequality, as well as the existence of a link between the spread of broadband Internet access and the reduction of income inequality in the Russian regions. At the same time, the results show that the relationship between the development of broadband Internet access and the Gini coefficient has an inverted U-shaped curve. This relationship is a development or analogue of the Kuznets curve, in which the development of digital infrastructure becomes one of the key factors in reducing inequality.Scientific novelty: a method for analyzing the relationship between income inequality and digital development is proposed, which is based on the results of econometric modeling. A model is substantiated and constructed that characterizes the impact of broadband Internet access on income inequality in Russia.Practical significance: the study results substantiate the need to increase the level of broadband Internet connectivity as one of the indicators of reducing income inequality in the Russian regions and, thus, indicate the directions of regional policy in the field of digital infrastructure development.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116757729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambivalent features of consumerism ideology: philosophical aspect","authors":"E. Iakovleva","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.702-715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.702-715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129300605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifying the notion of “Institutional anti-crisis management of a region”","authors":"N. Y. Chehonin","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.677-701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.4.677-701","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to develop a new approach to the definition of regional anti-crisis management, taking the institutional factors into account.Methods: abstract-logical method is used. The paper uses the evolutionary approach that made it possible to clarify the current state of the concept under study and offer a vision of its future understanding.Results: currently, the essence of anti-crisis management of a region is virtually not studied in the scientific literature. In the article, the author analyzes scientific approaches to the definition and essence of institutional aspects of crisis management. It is noted that when defining institutional crisis management, researchers adhere to various approaches: the concept is considered as a conflict resolution process, as a system of institutional forms, as an impact on rules, or as a mechanism. The existing approaches to the concept of anti-crisis management of a region or municipality are analyzed. As a result of their critical assessment, it was found that insufficient attention has been paid to the institutional approach in the definition of regional crisis management; a large number of definitions do not consider crisis counteraction; some definitions were considered within the framework of approaches that do not fully disclose the essence of crisis management. The author’s concept of “institutional crisis management of the region” was proposed in the context of current trends and prospects for the transition to institutional crisis management of a region.Scientific novelty: the novelty of the current understanding of institutional crisis management in a region lies in the integration of two approaches: a package of anti-crisis measures and projects and a more precise distinction between explicit and implicit crises. The novelty of the future understanding of this definition (which is necessary to strive for) consists in its consideration from the position of conditional continuity, taking into account informal rules and paying increased attention to countering anti-Russia sanctions at the regional level. The novelty also lies in the use of an evolutionary approach, which demonstrated an improvement in the current understanding of the essence of institutional crisis management of a region.Practical significance: the analysis of the definitions of crisis management, as well as the formed approach to the concept of institutional crisis management can be used for an in-depth study of this aspect. In addition, the considered institutional factors can be implemented into the system of regional crisis management.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126061934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Justice Gap and the Promise of Criminological Research. Russian Journal of Economics and Law","authors":"R. Leo","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.625-665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.625-665","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to summarize and study the law-application errors during preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction in the American criminal justice system.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.Results: the work describes in detail and considers four main causes of law-application errors occurring during preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction in the American criminal justice system. These include: false confessions, eyewitness misidentification, forensic error, and perjured jailhouse informant testimony. Hence, it is not accidental that the main task of empirical research of criminologists and other researchers in the past two decades has been a call for greater transparency in the evidence-gathering process and the development and implementation of best practices based on social science research. Developing conceptual knowledge is important not only for creating a more systematic, generalizable and respectable criminology of wrongful conviction, but also to better inform policy-makers’ understandings that people’s lives may be at stake, as well as trade-offs of wrongful convictions.Scientific novelty: the work considers the current problems in the American criminal justice system, that occur during preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction. Among them are the problems of police interrogations, false confessions and court errors, leading to wrongful convictions.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the minimization of errors occurring at the stages of preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction in the American criminal justice system.The article was first published in English language by Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. For more information please contact: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org. For original publication: Leo, R. A. (2014). The Justice Gap and the Promise of Criminological Research, Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 15 (3), 1–37. Publication URL: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/419-the-justice-gap-and-the-promise-of-criminological-research","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126113293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territorial analysis of crime in rural areas and its short-term forecast for 2022","authors":"G. Koimshidi, D. K. Chirkov, A. Litvinov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.610-624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.610-624","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze the criminological situation in the Russian Federation and the territorial differences in crime in rural areas, as well as to make a short-term forecast of this type of crime in the Russian Federation.Methods: dynamic, statistical, historical, systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as a specific sociological methodology of estimating rural crime.Results: the main trend of rural crime from January 1, 2019 to October 1, 2021 can be considered a uniform straightline decrease: a constant monthly decrease by 1.1 thousand crimes. This trend characterizes a situation when the effect of criminogenic factors is neutralized by the impact of anti-criminogenic ones. If we take the above-mentioned data as a basis and generalize them for the next year, we can assume that in 2022 from 331.2 thousand to 388.8 thousand crimes will be registered in rural areas of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, it should be noted that official data on the state of crime in rural areas, as well as the criminal statistics in the Russian Federation as a whole, cause well-founded doubts. The landslide reduction in crimes in rural areas does not follow from the ongoing social changes in rural areas and gives reason to believe that such a reduction is due to a violation of accounting and registration discipline on the part of staff of the law-enforcement bodies.Scientific novelty: for the first time, a comparative legal analysis of the dynamics of registered crimes in rural and urban areas was carried out, as a result of which the features of crime in rural areas were identified and the author’s short-term forecast for 2022 was proposed. Despite the tendency to reduce the number of crimes registered in rural areas in 2009-2021, the criminal situation in rural areas remains complicated. Statistical indicators do not reflect the real state of this type of crime, since this trend is due to artificial regulation of the number of crimes reflected in statistical reporting towards understatement.Practical significance: as a result of the conducted criminological research, a high degree of public danger of crime in rural areas has been revealed, and its forecasting makes it possible to pay closer attention to the need to develop effective measures to combat and prevent this type of crime.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125295109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal nature of judicial practice","authors":"A. Skorobogatov, A. Krasnov","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.587-597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.587-597","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: a comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the nature of judicial practice.Methods: the methodological basis of the article is postclassical rationality, which allows studying judicial practice in the context of its impact on the public relations regulation and establishing the legal nature of this phenomenon. This determined the integration of methods developed in the legal science (formal legal, comparative legal methods, method of legal modeling) and other humanities (hermeneutical, discursive methods).Results: the article considers judicial practice as an individual legal regulation, i.e. the activities of the authorized judicial bodies of the state aimed at consideration and resolution of legal cases, as well as the creation of individual legal foundations for the lawful behavior of subjects of public relations. The authors proceed from the fact that judicial practice is a unity of cognition, activity, and result, as it actively participates in the construction of legal reality. This leads to the conclusion that judicial practice should be understood dichotomically – as the activity of judges, the result of which is the creation of individual and generalizing legal acts aimed at constructing a legal reality (a specific form of legal communication), and as a material source of law (a set of generalizing legal acts (positions of courts) that have a legal impact on the consciousness and behavior of an indefinite circle of subjects of the same name).Scientific novelty: in the article, for the first time in the Russian legal science, a study of judicial practice is transferred from the level of sectoral analysis to the philosophical-legal level. At the same time, the authors emphasize the interdisciplinary, general humanitarian nature of judicial practice. The analysis and interpretation of judicial practice are carried out at the ontological and axiological levels of legal reality. This allowed identifying the specific role of judicial practice in the legal system as a means of communication between individual and general legal regulation.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the essence and content of judicial practice and its role in the creation and functioning of the Russian legal reality, as well as for improving judicial activity at all levels.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127497147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some aspects of the legal provision of private property nationalization","authors":"T. Efimtseva","doi":"10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.598-609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.3.598-609","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study the current state of the doctrine and legislation on nationalization in order to formulate proposals for improving the legal regulation of public relations in this area.Methods: the study used such general scientific methods of cognition as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and analogy. The logical method of research helped to formulate definitions of some terms, in particular, nationalization and emergency nationalization; their inherent features were identified. While studying the topic, private scientific research methods characteristic of jurisprudence were also used: formal legal and comparative legal methods, which helped to reveal the logic of the legislator and draw conclusions about the expediency of paying compensation when nationalizing property from private owners.Results: based on the analysis of legislation and the practice of its application, as well as of the Russian and foreign literature, the essence of nationalization was revealed. In the article, nationalization is understood as the acquisition by the state of ownership of property that was privately owned, on the basis of federal law, with or without compensation of the property value to the owner, which is aimed at protecting public interests. The article pays special attention to the understanding of the “state property” category as the property of the whole people, i.e. public property.Scientific novelty: the article reveals the concept and essence of nationalization, as well as related legal categories (privatization, alienation, compensation, etc.), conducts a comparative legal analysis of the order of nationalization in various states, and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of preliminary and equivalent compensation as a prerequisite for private property nationalization. The author substantiates the need for nationalization of enterprises in all important industries, and, primarily, in the areas of natural monopolies, in which producers can make a profit to ensure their own development only. Nationalization should be soft, with the possibility of compensation, but only after a full audit of the performance of enterprises to resolve the issue of how conscientiously and responsibly their owners and managers acted.Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and practical activities to improve civil legislation and the practice of its application, as well as to develop long-term and short-term strategies for the economic development of Russia.","PeriodicalId":284471,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Economics and Law","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131644941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}