Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication最新文献

{"title":"Membrane behavior of an exhumed geosynthetic clay liner – preliminary analysis","authors":"N. Yeşiller, J. Hanson, K. Sample-Lord, Shan Tong","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg063","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane behavior of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) exhumed from a bottom liner system at a municipal solid waste landfill in California, USA was investigated in this study. The GCL was installed as part of a geomembrane-GCL bottom liner system at a newly constructed cell at the landfill. The cell was not filled subsequent to the construction of the liner system and the geosynthetics were exposed to the atmosphere for 12 years. Preliminary data on the membrane behavior of GCL samples exhumed from the liner system are provided herein. Laboratory multi-stage membrane behavior tests were used to determine membrane efficiency coefficients (  ) of the GCL for potassium chloride source solutions. Measurable membrane behavior was confirmed in the laboratory tests for the exposed GCLs. Even though membrane behavior was shown to still exist in the GCL after 12 years of exposure, values of  were very low (0.1 – 5.4 %). Bentonite migration and cation exchange likely contributed to the significantly lower  for the exposed GCLs relative to values reported in the literature","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128545849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Property of mixture of foam shield tunneling surplus excavation soil and steelmaking slag under water casting","authors":"Takamune Yamaguchi, Yuka Kakihara, Y. Kikuchi, S. Noda, T. Noguchi, Risa Tomimatsu, Kosuke Nakayama, Tomotaka Yoshikawa","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg058","url":null,"abstract":"A significant amount of foam shield tunneling surplus excavation soil, which contain a foaming agent and a blow off inhibitor, has been produced on shield tunneling construction. To utilize the surplus soil effectively for reclamation of harbor areas, engineering properties of the mixture of the surplus soil and steelmaking slag, which is an industrial byproduct in steel manufacturing, have been studied. Issues regarding the putting of the mixture in water was studied in this study. Two types of water putting ways were investigated through small-sized laboratory model experiments. One way was to put from the bottom of a water tank; the other was to put from the water surface. Effects of the ways for configuration of the sedimented mixture, bearing capacity of the mixture and segregation of the mixtures were studied by the experiments. Results show that the configuration of the sedimented mixture and the steepest gradient are not affected by the putting ways. The maximum and average bearing capacities of the ground surface were larger when the mixture was put from the water tank bottom. The water turbidity was smaller when the mixture was put from the water tank bottom.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125947189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study of environmental monitoring using embedded sensors in the soil","authors":"Kazuhiro Mukai, Yunshun Zhong, P. Hubbard, K. Soga","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg127","url":null,"abstract":"Green infrastructure is a stormwater management technique that can be used to mitigate urban floods and heat islands. However, proactive monitoring and control is required to ensure its smooth operation. In particular, determining evapotranspiration, an essential process in biosphere–atmosphere interactions in cities that maintain cultivated and irrigated landscapes, is challenging. Understanding activities that govern evapotranspiration in a wide range of shallow soils is useful for planning and operation of green spaces. Recently, distributed fiber-optic sensors for monitoring civil structures and infrastructure have opened up new possibilities compared with conventional sensor systems. They operate based on the principle that strain variation in the soil is linked to environmental factors such as temperature and soil moisture changes. In this research, we examined the relationship between strain and temperature/soil moisture changes. By embedding fiber-optic strain sensors and other sensors in the soil tank, we investigated the feasibility of the sensors in a simulated soil environment.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126827916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peridynamic modelling of coupled hydro-chemical processes in clay erosion","authors":"Yan Huaxiang, Sedighi Majid, Jivkov Andrey","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg095","url":null,"abstract":"Hydro-chemical interactions at the interface between host rock and clay buffer in geological disposal facility for nuclear waste can lead to buffer erosion. The erosion of clay buffer can induce loss of a critical component of the engineered barrier system and migration of highly hazardous radionuclides into the environment. Classical local continuum formulations based on partial differential equations that have been used for modelling the hydro-mechanical behavior of soils are not suitable for analysis of this discontinuous physical phenomenon, whereas non-local formulations offered by peridynamics (PD) provide clear advantages. In this study, a bond-based PD formulation of coupled clay extrusion and sol transport in a fracture is presented. Pyramid, the PD model used in this study, accounts for the effect of van der Waals forces, repulsive electrostatic double layer forces, and friction forces between the particles on clay extrusion. A 2D case study of clay extrusion and erosion under water flow in a fracture is presented. The case study is compared with experimental results of erosion of compacted MX-80 bentonite reported in the literature to demonstrate the accuracy of formulations and the Pyramid model. This validation shows the potential applications and prediction capability of the Pyramid model for evaluating the erosion of clay buffer under geological disposal conditions .","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Reduction and Transport of Cr(VI) in Two-dimensional Soils with Root Systems","authors":"Z. Furukawa, K. Kasama, Yuichi Yahiro, Tomoki Morimoto","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg054","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents reduction effect and evaluation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil by two kinds of plants on various initial concentration on laboratory testing. In this experiment, we prepared semi-two-dimensional experimental apparatus which could evaluate movement of water and pollutant and growth of plants two-dimensionally. Simulated polluted soil mixed with K 2 Cr 2 O 7 powder as pollutant homogeneously and compacted. Selected plants were komatsuna ( Brassica rapa var. perviridis ) and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). Effect of reduction was confirmed by checking water content, pH, standard oxidation-reduction potential Eh, water soluble Cr(VI) of soil separated in 10 cm depth and 5-7.5 cm width respectively with changing time. Cr(VI) in plant body was also investigated at the end of test. 1) The higher initial concentration of Cr(VI), the lower root length density which describes root length in unit weight of soil for both of plant. 2) For komatsuna, reduction rate of Cr(VI) in the soil was ranged between 16-48 %. For sunflower, reduction rate of Cr(VI) in the soil is ranged between 27-45 %. It differed from initial concentration of Cr(VI).","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131105198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling simulation of microbial growth and MICP phenomena based on reaction-diffusion system","authors":"Ibuki Nishimura, H. Matsubara","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg017","url":null,"abstract":"Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been recognized as that microbial metabolism may induce a generation of calcium carbonates in the pores and/or on the surface of sand particles. However, only actual observations approach of inner structures by microscopes are difficult to understand the MICP process. In the current work, we propose a mathematical and numerical simulation model based on the reaction-diffusion system and finite difference method, respectively in order to understand dynamically calcium carbonate precipitation process and relationship between bacterial growth and precipitation. As a result, some temporal and spatial precipitation structures of calcium carbonate such as active and inactive bonds structures were obtained through some numerical examples, which are in good agreement with the existing experimental results.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124595146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotechnical characterisation for landfill disposal of phosphoric acid production residues","authors":"A. Dominijanni, Paolo Fagiani, N. Guarena, Camilla Lanari, M. Manassero, A. Modica, Manlio Rossini","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg145","url":null,"abstract":"The case study of a dismissed petrochemical plant located in Southern Italy is presented, wherein phosphoric acid production residues have to be transformed through a series of on-site treatment procedures into non-reactive stabilised wastes, which can be accepted for disposal in a non-hazardous solid waste landfill according to the regulations in force. Oedometric compression, triaxial shear, torsional ring shear and column leaching tests were carried out with the aim to determine the strength and deformability parameters of the stabilised residues, as well as to investigate the long-term mobility of water-soluble contaminants under a confining stress level that simulates the final disposal conditions. Such a characterisation of the coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical behaviour allowed the effectiveness of such treatment procedures in producing a waste stream that does not pose threats to the landfill geotechnical stability to be ascertained.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116410173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental considerations for column testing of engineered, clay-based barriers","authors":"C. Shackelford","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg024","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of column testing is to determine the transport and fate properties, typically the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (Dh) and retardation factor (Rd), of aqueous miscible chemical species (solutes) with respect to a given porous medium. This paper presents fundamental considerations required for column testing of engineered, lowpermeability, clay-based barriers, such as compacted clay liners, geosynthetic clay liners, and soil-bentonite vertical cutoff walls, used to contain chemicals in a variety of solid and liquid waste containment and remediation applications. The presentation is limited to column tests conducted with a constant solute source concentration, and includes descriptions of the general procedures for conducting column tests as well as the expected behavior of the solute (effluent) breakthrough curve (BTC) based on several considerations. Significant information can be gained simply from the shape of the solute BTC. For example, a sigmoidal symmetric BTC implies advective-dominated solute transport with linear, instantaneous, and reversible sorption, whereas a sigmoidal asymmetric BTC can result from diffusion-dominated transport, nonlinear sorption, and/or nonequilibrium (kinetic) sorption. Also, because clay-based barriers are susceptible to hydraulic incompatibility when permeated with chemical solutions, significant hydraulic incompatibility can lead to a significant change in the seepage velocity (vs) under the constant hydraulic head (gradient) condition, which invalidates the use of analytical transport models to determine Dh and Rd via fitting of the measured solute BTCs, as well as the use of dimensionless time or pore volumes of flow. For this reason, constant flow hydraulic control is recommended for conducting column tests with engineered, low-permeability, clay-based barriers, because significant changes in hydraulic conductivity do not significantly affect vs. Finally, the potential significance of diffusion on solute transport through clay-based barriers can complicate interpretation of the existence of an effective porosity and determination of the correct, mass-based definition of Rd from the BTCs emanating from traditional concentration-based column tests. However, these issues are readily discerned when cumulative mass column testing is performed. Example results from both traditional, concentration-based column testing and alternative, cumulative mass column testing of clay-based barriers are provided to illustrate application of the concepts presented.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological and mechanical effects of vegetation on slope stability","authors":"Hongwei Liu","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg122","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrological and mechanical effects of vegetation with different root characteristics on shallow slope stability are investigated in the study. Vegetation with more roots concentrated on the soil surface has prominent effects on slope stability than uniform distributed roots. The relative importance between the hydrological and mechanical effects on slope stability mainly depends on root architecture, transpiration rate, root diameter, slope angle, and soil type. At drying conditions, mechanical effect of roots is more important in slopes with larger inclination angle, while it is the opposite for the hydrological effect. In humid areas (i.e. transpiration rate < 2 mm/day), the mechanical effect of roots dominates slope stability. After rainfall, the hydrological effect of root vanishes almost entirely inside root zone, so hence the enhancement of slope stability within root zone mainly relies on the mechanical effect of roots. The coarse-grained soil should be planted with vegetation to prevent soil shallow slope failure.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128389838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of key thermal coupled factors in modelling of bentonite barriers","authors":"A. Gupta, A. Abed, W. Sołowski","doi":"10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg148","url":null,"abstract":"Bentonite is a material considered to be used as a component of a barrier in deep geological repositories for nuclear waste. Its behaviour is affected by temperature, humidity and chemical composition of water saturating its pores. Reproduction of bentonite behaviour in such thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) conditions involves extensive use of empirical and physical coupled relationships. This paper investigates parameters, which influence the bentonite behaviour in THM experiments relevant to the conditions in the repositories. For the study, a numerical investigation is performed based on test simulation computed with the finite element code Thebes (Abed and Sołowski 2017). A numerical simulation by Abed and Sołowski (2017) of a non-isothermal infiltration experiment (Villar and Gomez-Espina 2009) has been taken as a basis for the investigation. The results of this simulation were compared with a series of 7 other simulations that are set up by inactivating the selected thermally coupled variables, one at a time. Presented results identify the key parameters the simulation is sensitive to and provide insights on the relevance of the underlying coupled processes.","PeriodicalId":283909,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128652579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}