{"title":"Philosophy of Nutrition: Past-Future Nutrition","authors":"G. Meral","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80726","url":null,"abstract":"“Back to the roots” is what we may call our experience in our researches concerning gut- brain axis. What Hippocrates, Plato, Ibn-Khaldun, Galen, and many other philosophers from antique ages suggested can be proven today with all our technological aids. The observation in the old of the link ages between nutrition and the well being of our souls, mind, and bodies was found to be true. In fact, what the ancient philosophers said about nutrition in connection with a healthy life is quite similar to what we hear in the recent years. This is a demonstration of how important it is to observe ourselves as humans. In the last researches, the connection between gut and brain and their formation of the personal mood showed the same results. Together with the mood, the spirit has also proven to be influenced by nutrition. Our industrial era put the focus right from the beginning more on feeding masses than on nurturing human kind. Leaving that aside, the doctors today concentrate more on diagnosis and their foreseen treatment than on observing and preventing d ı seases. A healthy and conscious nutrition is the start of a healthy worth living l ı fe. What philosophers and doctors found out hundreds of years ago should be applicable and excisable today.","PeriodicalId":282383,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbiota - Brain Axis","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prokaryotes Rule the World","authors":"B. Adhikari, Y. Kwon, B. Hargis, G. Téllez-Isaías","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282383,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbiota - Brain Axis","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130799445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probiotics for Preventing Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"C. B. Wong, Yodai Kobayashi, J. Xiao","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79088","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that results in gradual cognitive impairment and eventually leads to dementia. However, despite AD being one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in aging societies, no clinically successful therapeutic strategies for its treatment or prevention have been reported to date. Studies have indicated that gut microbial alterations are linked to AD. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are known to confer health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. Certain strains of probiotics appear to influence the central nervous system (CNS) and behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has demonstrated that probiotics possess preventive as well as therapeutic potential for AD. It is speculated that probiotics could ameliorate the progression of AD by modulating the inflammatory process, counteracting oxidative stress, and other possible mechanisms, although further studies are needed to understand the details. In this chapter, we will highlight the current understandings of the effects as well as the possible mechanisms of action of probiotics for preventing cognitive impairment in AD.","PeriodicalId":282383,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbiota - Brain Axis","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116794170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Brain Function: Involvement of Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Stress Pathway","authors":"C. Chaiyasut, B. Sivamaruthi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79511","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics were reported for several physical and psychological health benefits. Probiotics can positively alter the gut microbiome and nourish the commensal microbial load. Recent studies revealed that the cognitive functions (anxiety and depression) of human beings are meticulously associated with their genetic makeup, food habits, and gut microbiome. The gut microbiome may communicate with the brain through neural and humoral path- ways, while involving several neurotransmitters and signaling molecules. The immune response, especially inflammatory system, plays a critical role in the microbiome and in mental health. Thus, many studies were conducted to explore the beneficial effect of probiotic, single and multistrain, formulations. Fruitful results were observed, but the underlying mechanism of probiotic-mediated improvement of mental health is not fully illustrated, even though some studies explained that the production of neurotransmit- ter-like metabolites by the probiotic strain could be the possible mediator of gut-brain axis. The present chapter summarizes the outcome of probiotic-based treatment for the improvement of stress and depression with respect to microbiome change, inflammation, and stress pathway. results in a greater proportion of healthy days and a lower percentage of academically stressed students","PeriodicalId":282383,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbiota - Brain Axis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130674732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autism in Children Connected with Gastrointestinal Symptoms","authors":"P. Walecki, A. Kawala-Janik, Justyna Siwek","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79863","url":null,"abstract":"Autism in children has increased significantly over the last few years. Eating disorders and ailments of the gastrointestinal system are a common affliction among these children. The hypothesis linking the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the digestive system with its bacterial microflora based on the concept of the gut-brain axis become very interesting and credible. This axis is a two-way communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and gut innervation. Mechanisms of this dependency include effects of neurological, immunological, and hormonal mediators. Among patients with ASD, mucosal per- meability is frequently diagnosed, which may be caused by chronic inflammation. Such inflammation can damage cells of the intestinal membrane. Children with ASD also have a different composition of intestinal and gastric flora compared to healthy ones. Different types of environmental and situational stressors may contribute to the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, enteritis, as well as increase intestinal permeability and change their bacterial flora. The chapter presents eating dis- orders and nutritional deficiencies in children with ASD and shows how nutrition during pregnancy can affect ASD symptoms and how to reduce the severity of ASD symptoms through carefully selected nutritional interventions and supplementation.","PeriodicalId":282383,"journal":{"name":"Gut Microbiota - Brain Axis","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124323697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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