Egyptian Journal of Geology最新文献

{"title":"ZEOLITE CRYSTAL GROWTH GENERATIONS DURING DIAGENETIC AND HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES- CASE STUDY OF LACUSTRINE VOLCANICLASTICS, ABU TREIFIYA AREA, CAIRO-SUEZ ROAD, EGYPT","authors":"M. Kabesh, N. Shallaly","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2021.106000.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2021.106000.1013","url":null,"abstract":"ZEOLITES and clay minerals are common authigenic minerals in volcano-sedimentary rock association in the Abu Treifiya basin. They are formed by hydrolysis alteration of basic volcanic glass by reaction with percolating water in a partly closed basin of salinealkaline lacustrine environment. The zeolites and associated clay minerals and calcite are studied and described in detail microscopically and by X-ray diffraction, also occasionally scanning electron microprobe and Raman techniques are applied. The zeolite mineral species of phillipsite, thomsonite, tobermorite, chabazite, natrolite and analcime are recorded and described. Palagonitization and alteration of volcanic glass result in three stages of authigenic mineral formation; 1) clay minerals as smectite, chlorite/smectite (mixed layer) and chlorite, 2) zeolite minerals, and 3) finally calcite. These associations are found to form in two paragenetic phases: A) diagenetic phase, represented by clay minerals, followed by phillipsite or thomsonite that may be overgrown by phillipsite, filling interstitial spaces, vesicles and amygdales in mostly all facies types of the volcano-sedimentary succession. These resulted from volcanic glass alteration during increasing pH, alkalinity and salinity of the environment. Analcime granular crystals form in lapilli tuff and hyaloclastite tuff in higher Na rich saline -alkaline environment at extreme palagonitization, and B) hydrothermal phase represented by open space filling of cross cutting fractures and/or manifested by formation of tobermorite spherules along basalt lacustrine carbonate contacts. Large vugs exhibit sequential crystallization of Ca zeolite thomsonite spherules followed by calcsodic zeolite Cachabazite; with decreasing temperature and increase in Na in the fluid Na rich fibrous natrolite crystallize. Hydrothermal veins are filled by large euhedral Nachabazite associated with chalcedony, Feoxyhydroxides and clays.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130696358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Quaternary aquifer in Beni Suef area, Egypt","authors":"Mohammed Albadr, A. El-Kammar, M. El-Kammar, M. Yehia, H. A. Abu Salem","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2021.93986.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2021.93986.1005","url":null,"abstract":"Correponding author: Albadr, Mohammed Aِlbadr, Email: mohammedalbadr20@gmail.com Received: 01/10/2021; Accepted: 07/11/2021 DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2021.93986.1005 ©2021 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC) G exploitation in arid and semi-arid areas leads to several hazards such as water level decline, aquifer salinization, water quality deterioration, and waterlogging. The study area is represented by El Fashn District, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt. The objective of this study is the investigation of the hydrogeological properties of the Quaternary aquifer in Beni Suef area based on the data obtained from the technical reports of REGWA for the years 1996, 2003, 2014 and 2017. In addition, the waterlogging phenomena is considered to allocate areas that adversely affected by soil salinization. Two main aquifers characterize the study area: The Middle Pleistocene and the Early Pleistocene aquifers. The Holocene sediments act as aquitard of the Middle Pleistocene whereas the Early Pleistocene is lacking the Holocene aquitard. Accordingly, the study area is classified based on aquitard thickness into four zones. The Middle Pleistocene aquifer has a maximum thickness of 200 m in the middle parts of the Nile valley near Beni-Suef and diminishes in both the eastern and western directions, whereas the Early Pleistocene aquifer thickness ranges from 81 m to 85 m with a saturated thickness of 64 to 82 m in the study area. The transmissivity of the aquifer is obtained using Cooper-Jacob method. It varies from about 769 to 4796 m2/d for the Early Pleistocene aquifer, and from 656 to 28602 m2/d for the Middle Pleistocene aquifer. Accordingly, the Quaternary aquifer in the study area is characterized by high potentiality according to Gheorghe classification.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125984446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLASH FLOOD RISK IN WEST- CENTRAL SINAI, EGYPT","authors":"O. Orabi","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2021.101672.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2021.101672.1008","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: oraby1952@yahoo.com Received: 22/10/2021; Accepted: 07/12/2021 DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2021.101672.1008 ©2021 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC) FOUR drainage basins of the unique watershed regions of west-central Sinai have been decided on to look at the flash flood hazards. Using the latest topographic maps, the drainage basins, the hydrologic, topographic and morpho-tectonic parameters have been generated from the elevation thematic layer namely; the virtual elevation model (DEM) turned into appropriately decided and analyzed. The carried-out technique discovered that the hydrologic and morphometric parameters play essential roles in flash flood contributing factors. The low slopes regions are related to low runoff linked and excessive sediment accumulation.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116301615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strata-bound Colonnade Fractures in Argillaceous Sediments of Qasr El Sagha Delta, Fayum-Egypt.","authors":"M. Hammed","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2021.103322.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2021.103322.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Correponding author: Mohamed S. Hammed, Email: salehhammed@cu.edu.eg Received: 29/10/2021; Accepted: 07/11/2021 DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2021.103322.1010 ©2021 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC) THIS work reports spectacular and unique strata-bound columnar fractures in Late Eocene argillaceous sediments of Qasr El Sagha Delta, Fayum-Egypt. Polygonal fractures are widely distinguished as syn-sedimentary structures attributed to dewatering and simultaneous shrinkage of fine-grained sediments. Exposures permitted visualization of the progressive fracture growth along ca 2 meters high colonnade pillars. The increasing diameter and fracture apertures correlate well with the confined clay thickness. Tetragonal fractures are dominant in ca 3-10cm clay layers, while the hexagonal pattern is dominant in ca > 30cm thick clay beds. Fracture polygons of high frequency, order, and geometrical uniformity are better developed in montmorillonite-rich clays. Fractures have curved and en-passant patterns of ductile clay fracturing during the colloidal phase. Fracturing was developed in substrata conditions under few meters of burial sediments. Fracture apertures either increase or decrease toward the top and bottom layers of better permeability. A decrease of fracture apertures toward the top and bottom sand and silt indicates fracture initiation inside the colloid and limited fluid flows during fracturing. Fracture fills are of two natures: sand injection and deposition of unconsolidated laminated sands with delicate gastropod shells. Occasionally, clay layers form domes and sags with fracture rosettes and filamentous complex networks injected by sand. Mild and episodic seismicity was the main cause of dewatering (water escaping) and fracturing. This study might help during the evaluation of the subsurface non-conventional reservoirs in the Nile Delta, which underwent the same geological conditions.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115406146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CUSUM USAGE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF KUWAIT SOUTH COASTAL WATERS","authors":"Abdulrahman F. A. Alajmi, A. Al-Rashed, Youssef Al-Hamad","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2022.111994.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2022.111994.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: aj.alajmi@paaet.edu.kw Received: 19/12/2021; Accepted: 01/01/2022 DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2022.111994.1014 ©2021 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC) THE growth and development of the south coastal areas of Kuwait as a result of high industrialization and urbanization set a severe stress on the near shore fragile environment of Kuwait. The south coastal environment is subjected to pollution of coastal waters. Oil spills, industrial wastes and thermal pollution form power plants and factories, fecal coliform and solid waste. These pollutants have environmental impacts on health and functional integrity of the coastal and marine ecosystems. In this study, recent methods will be used to monitor the quality of south coastal water and their environmental condition. These methods are used to measure the pollution and environmental indicators by Environmental Protection Agency of Kuwait (EPA) to monitor the quality of south coastal water. Finally, an assessment process of the quality, costal water monitoring system and pollution levels measurements can help decision maker and planner in solving serious environmental problems associated with the south coastal developments. The south coastal water analysis showed high level of bacteria (T.C, F.C and F.S).","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134281819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELATION BETWEEN MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND DURABILITY OF SOME ALKALINE ROCKS, SOUTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"Abdul Ghaffar","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215755","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mineralogical characteristics, chemical analysis and mechanical characteristics in addressing the behavior of some alkaline rocks to resist weathering action is discussed in the present research paper. The alkaline rocks outcropping at two selected areas in the southern Eastern Desert, namely Hamrat Salma and Abu Khrug are studied. Field relation, petrography and chemical analysis of the rocks in areas, durability and unconfined compressive strength were done. Durability and unconfined compressive strength tests evaluate the resistance of the studied alkaline rocks to natural weathering. The studied alkaline rocks in both areas are classified mineralogically and chemically as trachyte, and syenite. In Hamrat Salma, the alkaline rocks are represented by trachyte, whereas in Abu Khrug area, they are discriminated to trachydacite and syenite. All the studied alkaline rocks have alkaline affinity and emplaced in anorogenic tectonic regime. The results of compressive strength and durability of Hamrat Salma trachyte and Abu Khrug syenite showed very strong strength. The lowest value was obtained from syenite with xenoliths and trachyte of Abu Khrug showing medium strength. Negative relation between uniaxial compressive strength and durability is recorded. The existence of xenoliths, veins and porphyritic texture create a weak relationship. There is a linear relationship between compressive strength and some major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3 and Na2O) for the rock types. Also, a direct relation between durability and (Fe2O3, K2O) was recorded.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125908271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROUNDWATER ORIGIN OF THE MIDDLE EOCENE FRACTURED CARBONATE AQUIFERS AT WADI EL TARFA BASIN, EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"Abu Setta","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215448","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater represents the main source of water supply in Wadi El Tarfa area. Wadi El Tarfa is one of the largest basins in the Eastern Desert which located east of the Nile River and has a surface area reaches 4939 Km. The geologic setting plays a vital role in groundwater occurrences, quantity and quality. The evaluation of the groundwater resources at Wadi El Tarfa has been achieved through the detailed studies of geomorphological, geological, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics. The groundwater is available from two water bearing formations; Maghagha marly limestone aquifer and Samalut limestone aquifer which occur under free water table conditions. The groundwater of Maghagha aquifer is recorded at depth ranges from 38.95 m to 59.27 m and the salinity varies from 862.54 mg/l to 978.47 mg/l. The depth to the water of Samalut aquifer varies from 10 m to 80 m and the salinity ranges from 227.51 mg/l to 2545.11 mg/l. The transmissivity ranges from 19.82 m/day to 4125.60 m/day. The collected groundwater samples were chemically analyzed and interpreted. The groundwater origin has been determined through the stable isotope analysis for some selected samples. Finally, the best sites for groundwater exploitation from Samalut aquifer at Wadi El Tarfa basin have been determined.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115088801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PETROLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DOKHAN VOLCANICS AT WADI UM SIDRA-WADI UM ASMER AREA, NORTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"S. H. Seddiek, El Afandy, El Kaliouby","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215760","url":null,"abstract":"The present work provides the geology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Dokhan volcanics rocks exposed at the areas surrounding Wadi Um Sidra and Wadi Um Asmer in the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt, between Latitudes 27° 14 ́ and 27o 26 ́ N and Longitudes 33o 8 ́ and 33o 22 ́ E. The Dokhan volcanic rocks are exposed in the central (Gabal Dokhan) and the eastern parts of the mapped area. They cut by several sets of faults causing distinctive rugged topography, whereas narrow wadis run through these rocks. Based on the field and petrographical studies, the Dokhan volcanics are represented by a thick sequence of stratified lava flows of andesites, dacites, rhyolites and scarce amounts of basaltic rocks with pyroclastics which are composed of tuffs, agglomerates and ignimbrite. The Dokhan volcanics are intruded by monzogranites, syenogranites and alkali feldspar granites with sharp and irregular contacts, and sometimes are represented by large apophyses and several offshoots in syenogranites and as roof pendant over the monzogranites. Geochemically, these rocks have shown metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, medium to highK calcalkaline affinities and are unmetamorphosed with dominantly porphyritic texture and they enriched in LREE. The REE patterns of the rhyolites are characterized by wing shape with strong negative Eu anomaly, reflecting plagioclase fractionation. The studied Dokhan volcanic rocks have geochemical characteristics similar to the rocks developed in volcanic arc setting in subduction environment rather than transitional or post-collisional setting. Rhyolites have geochemical characteristics of lavas erupted in collisional setting.The systematic variations of major oxides and trace element abundances along continuous trends of decreasing Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, P2O5, Ni, Cr and Sr and increasing K2O, Rb, Nb and Zr with increasing SiO2can be interpreted in terms of fractional crystallization. The similarity and parallel nature of the normalized REE patterns with increasing total REE contents and decreasing Eu/Eu∗ with increasing SiO2 imply a major role of crystal fractionation during the evolution of these rocks.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122557961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF BENTHIC MARINE OSTRACODS, ALONG THE RED SEA COAST OF EGYPT","authors":"El-Kahawy, El-Shafeiy, Helal, Aboul-Ela","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.216324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.216324","url":null,"abstract":"Bottom sediment samples were collected from two sites located at the Red Sea coast of Egypt namely, Ras Gharib and Quseir. The samples were treated for their ostracods content. Identification, taxonomy, distribution, ecology, zoogeographical, and environmental aspects were carried out on the assemblage of the Ostracoda. Twenty-three ostracod species belonging to 20 genera, and 12 families were identified. The percentages of the most common ostracods are Quadracythere (19.35% and 17.83%), Xestolebris (10.42% and 7.4%), Loxocorniculum (17.37% and 14.42%), Ghardaglaia (4.22% and 17.91%), and Moosella (10.17% and 9.45%) for Ras Gharib and Quseir sites, respectively. Most of the observed fauna are Indo-Pacific. From the environmental geochemical point of view, the Quseir area is characterized by sediments that are more enriched in some heavy metals, compared to the average shallow marine sediment contents. Ras Gharib site has, relatively, less heavy metal contents with coarser-grained sediments. Based on the Canonical Correspondences Analysis (CCA), pollution-tolerant species were observed in the contaminated stations such as Ghardaglaia triebeli, Alocopocythere reticulata, Moosella striata, and Hiltermannicythere rubrimaris, which can act as survivors. On the other hand, pollution-sensitive taxa such as Jugosocythereis borchersi, Loxocorniculum ghardaqensis, and Xestolebris ghardaqae, are characterizing the Ras Gharib area. Careful consideration should be maintained before long to conserve the Red Sea ecoand geosystems.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122932179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PALYNOMORPH BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE SUBSURFACE DEVONIAN ROCKS, GHAZALAT BASIN, WEST QATTARA DEPRESSION, EGYPT","authors":"T. F. Mostafa","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.216318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.216318","url":null,"abstract":"Well–preserved palynomorphs dominated by miospores and subordinate acritarchs and chitinozoans are recovered from some cuttings of Ie 11 2 borehole drilled in the Ghazalat Basin in the west of Qattara depression, Egypt . A total of 36 species of palynomorphs (25species of spores, 8 species of acritarchs and 3 chitinozoan species) are identified. The palynological investigation of the studied stratigraphic interval enabled the recognition of three informal zones ranging in age from Lochkovian to Emsian. Most of the palynomorph taxa encountered are closely comparable with coeval assemblages recorded from North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Western Europe and Canada, indicating the close relationship of the present area to other parts of the western Gondwana and southern Euramerican provinces during that time interval. Frequent representation of marine taxa (acritarchs and chitinozoans) together with associated spores indicate near-shore marine depositional environment for the Lower and Middle Devonian (Zeitoun Formation) deposits in north Western Desert region of Egypt. Keyword: Devonian; palynomorphs biostratigraphy; Ghazalat Basin; West Qattara Depression.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114571537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}