Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions最新文献

The Intertwined Chloroplast and Nuclear Genome Coevolution in Plants 植物叶绿体和核基因组相互交织的协同进化

Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75673

M. Rousseau-Gueutin, J. Keller, J. D. Carvalho, A. Aïnouche, G. Martin

{"title":"The Intertwined Chloroplast and Nuclear Genome Coevolution in Plants","authors":"M. Rousseau-Gueutin, J. Keller, J. D. Carvalho, A. Aïnouche, G. Martin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75673","url":null,"abstract":"Photosynthetic eukaryotic cells arose more than a billion years ago through the engulfment of a cyanobacterium that was then converted into a chloroplast, enabling plants to perform photosynthesis. Since this event, chloroplast DNA has been massively transferred to the nucleus, sometimes leading to the creation of novel genes, exons, and regulatory elements. In addition to these evolutionary novelties, most cyanobacterial genes have been relocated into the nucleus, highly reducing the size, gene content, and autonomy of the chloroplast genome. In this chapter, we will first present our current knowledge on the origin and evolution of the plant plastome in the different Archaeplastida lineages (Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta, and Viridiplantae), focusing on its gene content, genome size, and structural evolution. Second, we will present the factors influencing the rate of DNA transfer from the chloroplast to the nucleus, the evolutionary fates of the nuclear integrants of plastid DNA (nupts) in their new eukaryotic environment, and the drivers of chloroplast gene functional relocation to the nucleus. Finally, we will discuss how cytonuclear interactions led to the intertwined coevolution of nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the impact of hybridization and allopolyploidy on cytonuclear interactions","PeriodicalId":281731,"journal":{"name":"Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127353407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Chloroplast Pigments: Structure, Function, Assembly and Characterization 叶绿体色素:结构、功能、组装和表征

Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75672

T. H. Brotosudarmo, L. Limantara, R. D. Chandra, Heriyanto

{"title":"Chloroplast Pigments: Structure, Function, Assembly and Characterization","authors":"T. H. Brotosudarmo, L. Limantara, R. D. Chandra, Heriyanto","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75672","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorophyll and carotenoid are vital components that can be found in the intrinsic part of chloroplast. Their functions include light-harvesting, energy transfer, photochemical redox reaction, as well as photoprotection. These pigments are bound non-covalently to protein to make pigment-protein supercomplex. The exact number and stoichiometry of these pigments in higher plants are varied, but their compositions include chlorophyll (Chl) a , Chl b , lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and β-carotene. This chapter provides introduction to the structure and photophysical properties of these pigments, how they assemble as pigment-protein complexes and how they do their functions. Various common methods for isolation, separation and identification of chlorophylls and carotenoid are also discussed. methanol and MTBE at the flow rate of 1 mL/min at 30°C. The purified chlorophyll a was directly analyzed to LCMS 8030 (Shimadzu) with an isocratic elution of 0.1% formic acid (FA) in water (10%) and 0.1% FA in methanol (90%) at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. MS analysis was operated under the following conditions: (1) heat block temperature = 400°C; (2) desolvation line temperature = 250°C; (3) nebulizing N2 gas flow 3 L/min; (4) drying N2 gas flow 15 L/min; (5) interface 4.5 kV; (6) interface 0.1 ionization","PeriodicalId":281731,"journal":{"name":"Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121564813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Plant Functional Traits of Arid and Semiarid Grassland Plants under Warming and Precipitation Change 气候变暖和降水变化下干旱半干旱草地植物功能性状研究

Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79744

Dan Li

引用次数: 4

Cellular and Ultrastructure Alteration of Plant Roots in Response to Metal Stress 金属胁迫对植物根系细胞和超微结构的影响

Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79110

H. Hamim, M. Miftahudin, L. Setyaningsih

{"title":"Cellular and Ultrastructure Alteration of Plant Roots in Response to Metal Stress","authors":"H. Hamim, M. Miftahudin, L. Setyaningsih","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79110","url":null,"abstract":"Metal stress is among the important environmental stresses, which influences the growth and development of plants and crops in many areas in the biosphere. Root is an important gate for the absorption of water and mineral nutrition which in many types of lands is also accompanied by a higher concentration of metal elements, either essential (such as Fe, Mn, and Cu) or non-essential metal elements or heavy metals (such as Al, Pb, Hg, Cd, and Ag). In response to metal stress, plant roots sometimes develop a cellular structure to prevent excessive concentration of metal components to avoid toxic effects and cellular damage. Physiological and biochemical responses at the cellular level, which result in ultrastructure changes may occur due to or to avoid the negative effect of metal toxicity. In many cases it was followed by the reduction of root growth followed by discontinu ing entirely plant growth. On the other hand, the structural changes are an important part of root mechanism to sustain the plant from metal toxicity. In this chapter, different changes in the cellular ultrastructure resulting from toxic damage or indicating tolerance response to metal stress will be elucidated.","PeriodicalId":281731,"journal":{"name":"Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114302256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16