DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy最新文献

{"title":"Trends in illegal wildlife trade across the EU between 2015 and 2020","authors":"Csaba Zsigmond","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with threats posed to biodiversity and human health by illegal trafficking of animals, plants, and related natural products. This activity contributes even to climate change. Altogether, these activities compromise environmental sustainability, therefore, urgent action is needed. For over one-decade, international communities, and organizations (UNODC, Interpol, Europol, and EU) have been warning on these wildlife crimes. We examine seizure data on illegal imports into and out of the European Union (EU) of illegal animal and plant species, protected by the international CITES Convention. Trends of these imports are evaluated over a five-year interval. This activity is global and poses serious threats, so its knowledge is of paramount importance to researchers, law enforcement agencies, and judicial authorities. In the meanwhile, the illegal smuggling offers undeserved benefits to criminals, and they may become a new form of organized crime. In our quantitative research, we collected data from the wildlifetradeportal.com database. The database was searched for the 27 Member States of the EU, and the time interval from January 1, 2015 to October 10, 2020 was selected. We grouped and systematized obtained data by countries and based on individual seizures, we found the method of illegal shipment (by road, air, or sea). In addition, we identified the object of the smuggled goods (animal or plant species), the quantity, which was smuggled. We screened the source countries of exports to the EU and the destination countries of imports.After systematizing collected data, as described here, we established that for each species the same target and source country occur recurrently (over ten times), i.e., older and newer trends can be observed, and seized quantities are also significant. Our findings offer further research directions, analysis opportunities, and new challenges for law enforcement agencies. Based on our results, one can state that this topic deserves priority treatment, and that effective action can only be envisaged via cooperation between individual EU Member States, as well as EU States and third countries","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114865001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different fungicides and bactericides on rooting of pelargonium cuttings","authors":"A. B. Csorba, Tibor Pánczél, A. Bandi, Imre-István Nyárádi, J. Bálint","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Geranium (Pelargonium) is one of most widespread and popular flowers in Europe due to their ornamental value. It is mostly propagated by cuttings, but propagation from seeds is also gaining increasing interest. The advantage of cuttings is that one can produce a relatively large numbers of identical plants, relatively quickly. Its disadvantage, however, is that one can very easily transfer diseases from the mother plant. In our experiments, the main purpose was to assess the rooting effect of some bactericides and fungicides used during cuttings. Cuttings exposed to rooting hormone were also treated with five different pesticides: tribasic copper sulfate, kasugamycin, thiophanate-methyl + propamocarb, fluopyram, and cyprodinil + fludioxonil. In parallel, a control treatment was set up, where exclusively rooting hormone was applied (NAA). We tested 40 cuttings in a 10 x 4 repetition in each treatment, which equivalates to an overall number of 280 cuttings. Upon comparing the treated and control geranium cuttings, we did not find any significant negative effect in the rooting process.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122965983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological control of thrips pests (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under greenhouse conditions in Transylvania, Romania","authors":"","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In present, vegetable cultivation faces significant challenges for two reasons: (i) cultivators have to produce healthy, first-class goods, and (ii) vegetables are allowed to contain only a specified pesticide residue. Development of insecticide resistance as a result of repeated insecticide treatments is causing difficulties to cultivators, who have paid attention to biological control methods over recent years. In Romania, pepper sprouting represents a prominent place in greenhouse vegetable production. Under greenhouse conditions, one of the most dangerous pests of peppers is the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), which can trigger high economic losses. In recent years, several populations have been found resistant to insecticides and other active compounds, therefore, in our experiments, performed under greenhouse conditions, we used the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the pirate bug Orius laevigatus against the western flower thrips. In addition to thrips, we monitored the growth and spread of introduced beneficial organisms based on collected flower samples. We also evaluated the relationships between beneficial organisms and greenhouse climate data. Introduction of natural enemies has proven a success of biological plant protection, as thrips did not cause economic losses in our experiment.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to pesticides of North-Andean Peruvian farmers: environmental impact","authors":"","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current study was to analyze feedback and experience of coastal farmers residing in northern Peru. For this, we performed a qualitative research, collecting information via a semi-structured survey; collected data was processed according by thematic analysis. Six categories were investigated pertaining the environmental load experience gained by farmers, with the purpose of mapping up sustainability knowledge of Peruvian cultivators.\u0000It was found that farmers, who applied pesticides, were insufficiently trained on the risks derived from exposure to pesticides and they used unsatisfactory personal protection measures, they did lack a hygiene protocol, the storage of pesticides was done inside their homes, the reentry period was not respected, and the pesticide containers were disposed of in a disorganized manner, creating risks of exposure to the family members of the farmers and the environment, as well. Authors believe that environmental health interventions need to be conducted in this vulnerable group, which includes a large number of North-Andean Peruvian workers.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114797156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological evaluation of heavy metal pollution of different soil-climatic regions of Armenia by biogeochemical coefficients","authors":"A. Sukiasyan, A. Kirakosyan","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed environmental risk factors, based on the biogeochemical coefficients of several heavy metals in the coastal areas of different rivers in Armenia. Environmental risk factors of some heavy metals in coastal areas of the Rivers Debet, Shnokh, and Araks (Armenia) were evaluated in various soil-climatic regions. A combined method for appraising biogeochemical risk factors in soil-plant systems of coastal areas of rivers was used. Values of several biogeochemical coefficients served as input Zea Maize L. being chosen as the model plant. The total indicator of contamination with heavy metals in the hazard group was calculated, according to the Russian GOST. We found the most polluted soil in Hushakert and the least contaminated in Tekhut. The use of European classification of heavy metals, by hazard class, to determine the maximum permissible additives was considered. Hazard classes, which allow categorizing heavy metals, primarily depend on the synergism of biota response to the degree of contamination. Using annual plants allows a comprehensive assessment of the migration characteristics of heavy metals in the examined soil-plant systems. As a result, one can expand the use of Zea Maize L. indicator plant, so that it becomes a natural filter of coastal areas for monitoring heavy metals migration.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132997957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis1:11™","authors":"Bence Mátyás","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/genesis1:11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/genesis1:11","url":null,"abstract":"Genesis1:11™ is a distant places plantation and forestation-supporting high-technology concept including but not limited to semi-capsuled ecosystems and various physical and precision software tools making it possible to inject microorganisms and to grow plant roots into extraterrestrial soils contributing to a sustainable future for the humankind in remote places (especially terraforming Mars) having extreme climatic and environmental conditions. In this paper main characteristics and utilization areas of Genesis1:11™ Rocket Capsule and technical specifications of Genesis1:11™ Rooting Pot are being discussed without claiming completeness, including a demonstration how a complex organism like a plant might provide a useful and simple host for large number of microbes.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124276625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus and peace: a concerned editorial","authors":"","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.1.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.1.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117037143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG-riculture: Sustainability and Butterfly-Effects","authors":"","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The motivational background of this paper is to shed new light on the phenomena of butterfly effect and sustainability from a scientific-philosophical and mathematical point of view. We aim to reveal the connection between butterfly effect and sustainability by observing the observer him- or herself and exploring the most significant errors of thinking and operation of the subject, while analyzing the peculiarities of the butterfly effect. Our reasoning is based on cognitive science approach, agricultural scientific experiments, and on parallel EEG (electroencephalogram) measurements. The latter, emerged from the research area of Innoria’s Team Flow Research Team, is a completely new methodological approach in the field of cognitive science on the basis of previous comparative behavioral scientific results1, but built up on new technological opportunities and professional standpoint2,3. As a result, we can see a new contexts and define problems in measurement methodology, while researching the interactions of human minds. These EEG measurements are part of an extensive research, which focuses on the identification of the parallel perception of reality and the synchronized perception-reaction relation of human beings. In the philosophy of science approach the butterfly effect is always provided by the observer by using in his/her rationing the indicator 'small' or 'seemingly insignificant', while one finds that the effect is not linearly related to such approximate (quantitative) attributes of the cause. The consequence is unexpectedly, unpredictably large, as compared to the observer's expectations. Therefore, the problem requires a change of perspective, namely, one needs to confer much greater importance to small causes. To discover these causes, we need to explore the mechanism of human observation much more intensively. The mathematical objective of the paper is to demonstrate an explored butterfly-effect process, based on a real, but anonymous parallel measured EEG data asset, where each step is reproducible. \u0000The problems that need to be solved are: (i) How can we classify correctly over EEG measurements the personal time series data (raw individual EEG data series with 0.25 second sampling) within the frame of similarity analysis? (ii) How to deal with the butterfly effect? (iii) How to step forward on the theoretical path of chaotic systems4 designated by Edward N. Lorenz?\u0000The butterfly-effect is the unexpected difference between the result of a classification based on a given data asset and the result of another classification, based on a data asset, having just one additional record as the input; in this case, we have data at about every 0.25 s, where the used length of the time series can be over 100 or 1000. Differences will be derived by means of ranked inputs – especially in case of data having the same value. Similarity analysis is a typical ranking-oriented modelling scheme, where these special effects can be detected at once, wit","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128596983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of transport measures and curfew against COVID-19 spread on air pollution (TSP) in Ecuador’s three most populous cities","authors":"","doi":"10.37281/drcsf/1.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Although the current situation poses challenges to foretelling the future consequences of coronavirus spread, we consider that environmental load-related research has become more important than ever before. Many experts believe that in the framework of increasingly dire public health emergency, policy and decision makers should facilitate COVID-19 outbreak to transitioning to sustainable consumption and production. With the purpose of evaluating the importance of sustainability efforts, here we describe the total suspended particulates (TSP), originating from traffic emissions, caused by air pollution in the three most populous cities of Ecuador. Compared are measurements taken prior to, during, and after (i) traffic measures entered into force at national level; (ii) curfew entered into force at national level; and (iii) quarantine entered into force (in Guayaquil, and whole Guayas province). We documented significant decrease in TSP emissions (PM2.5 and PM10) as compared to normal traffic proceeding in four-lane roads, in the cities of Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca. The most substantial drop in suspended particulate values (96.47% decrease in PM2.5) relative to emissions observed prior to restricting traffic occurred in Cuenca.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115449654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of factors involved in the rejection of bananas (Musa acuminata) intended for international commercialization","authors":"Jesus R. Melendez, A. Peñalver, Paola Pincay Figueroa, Nelly L. Pulgar, Mayra Cayo","doi":"10.37281/preprints/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37281/preprints/2","url":null,"abstract":"Rendering production and trade more sustainable can be accomplished via promoting innovation and sustainable business models. This paper addresses sustainable production and international trade in the banana agro-export sector of Ecuador. This activity provides millions of dollars in income, but with this development, a series of quality standards have been established to enter the competitive export system. These criteria contributed to establishing good post-harvest production and management practices that guarantee optimal banana and plantain production. The objective of this study is to determine the factors involved in the rejection of bananas (Musa acuminata) intended for international commercialization. Our methodology considered the design modality of non-experimental transactional research, using a quantitative approach. Methodological design was developed in three phases at Finca 6 Hermanas, located in the Barraganete sector of the San Juan parish in the Puebloviejo canton of the Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Results highlight that 79.55 % of reasons for banana rejection are abiotic factors (damage, dry latex, scar, insect damage, broken neck, and overgrowth), while biotic factors ( twins, diseases, and short finger) cause 20.45%. Over the 6-week duration of our investigation the average rejection was 6,361 fingers and 1,269 kg. The analysis of variance turned out to be significant for variable 1 (biotic and abiotic). In this case the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected; with the criterion of p-value < 0.0001 and F (9; 45) = 2.10., F = 13.17> F critical. For variable (2) “work weeks”, Ho is accepted for p-value of 0.7694 and F (5; 45) = 2.4. As F = 0.51 < F critical, one can conclude, that with a significance level of 5% the null hypothesis is accepted. It is also established that these figures enable strategies that systemically mitigate the damages via correcting the causes that lead to the deterioration of banana and, by this, increase the economic gains of commercialization.","PeriodicalId":280981,"journal":{"name":"DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132241625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}