SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Nature Seekers within the Urban Vicinity","authors":"R. Zainol, N. A. Nordin, Dian Sandri, F. Ahmad","doi":"10.22452/JSCP.VOL3NO2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JSCP.VOL3NO2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents visitors’ profile and motivation to Broga Hill, a nature-based attraction located at the fringe of Kuala Lumpur the capital city of Malaysia. The paper seeks to examine visitors’ motivation for visiting the study area. The study adopts quantitative approach through self-administered questionnaire surveys and interviews. 100 respondents were randomly selected among those who visited Broga Hill. Non parametric tests were used to analyse the data since it was found to be not normally distributed. The findings reveals that Broga Hill is visited by nature seekers of various backgrounds who were willing to spend almost forty minutes to one hour climbing up the hill because of the fresh air and the beautiful scenery from the hilltop. These are the pull factors that motivate visitors’ attraction to the hill. The paper concludes that natural forest within the urban vicinity such as Broga Hill should be preserved. Any new development encroaching green spaces within any urban vicinity should be reviewed rigorously.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident on Stock Prices of Electric Power Utilities","authors":"Shin Kawashima, F. Takeda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1983138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1983138","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, which is owned by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), on the stock prices of the other electric power utilities in Japan. Because the other utilities were not directly damaged by the Fukushima nuclear accident, their stock price responses should reflect the change in investor perceptions on risk and return associated with nuclear power generation. Our first finding is that the stock prices of utilities that own nuclear power plants declined more sharply after the accident than did the stock prices of other electric power utilities. In contrast, investors did not seem to care about the risk that may arise from the use of the same type of nuclear power reactors as those at the Fukushima Daiichi station. We also observe an increase of both systematic and total risks in the post-Fukushima period, indicating that negative market reactions are not merely caused by one-time losses but by structural changes in society and regulation that could increase the costs of operating a nuclear power plant.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123722870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing Volunteers: The Case for a Community Service Tax Benefit","authors":"A. R. Pearlman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1355322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1355322","url":null,"abstract":"First passed by Congress in 1954, section 170 of the Internal Revenue Code allows individuals and corporations to deduct from their income taxes monetary contributions they make to charitable organizations. However, there has never been a comparable provision that allows deductions for volunteer community service hours on behalf of those same organizations for which money donors benefit from section 170's incentives to give. This paper proposes that section 170 be amended to allow taxpayers to deduct the value of their volunteer community service hours at the federal minimum wage rate, and outlines mechanisms to account for those hours and properly audit those claiming community service tax benefits. Such a provision would provide a small but measurable incentive for more people to get directly involved and invested in the charitable services and grassroots development programs they value most in their communities. This incentive could help engage people in charitable activities who otherwise cannot afford to give money to those worthy causes. Further, the President's proposed budget for 2010 includes limiting or eliminating line-item deductions, including those for charities, which threatens to dry-up resources for those foundations and make it difficult or impossible for them to continue their work. This paper proposes the volunteer service deduction as a compliment to the current monetary donation deduction, not as a measure envisioned to supplement entirely the operational capabilities that community services and charities will lose if the budget passes as-proposed. But the looming possibility that existing incentives for charitable giving could soon be quite limited makes it even more important to facilitate the continued operation of invaluable charitable foundations and community services through volunteers, impassioned about their organizations' respective missions, for the benefit of their neighbors in need. This proposal was presented at American University's Graduate Leadership Council's conference: Urban Transformation: Public and Private Practices for Social Change. Currently posted are the principal proposed amendments to section 170, and Treasury Regulation section 1.170A-1. The full paper is forthcoming.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130377515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Hurricane Response More Effective: Lessons from the Private Sector and the Coast Guard During Katrina","authors":"S. Horwitz","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1350554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1350554","url":null,"abstract":"In 2005 Hurricane Katrina posed an unprecedented set of challenges to formal and informal systems of disaster response and recovery. Informed by the Virginia School of Political Economy, the contributors to this study critically examine the public policy environment that led to both successes and failures in the post-Katrina disaster response and long-term recovery. Building from this perspective, this book lends critical insight into the nature of the social coordination problems disasters present, the potential for public policy to play a positive role, and the inherent limitations policymakers face in overcoming the myriad challenges that are a product of catastrophic disaster.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122709192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Problem of Prevention","authors":"J. Benoît, J. Dubra","doi":"10.1111/iere.12017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12017","url":null,"abstract":"Many disasters are foreshadowed by insufficient preventative care. In this paper, we argue that there is a true problem of prevention, in that insufficient care is often the result of rational calculations on the part of agents. We identify three factors that lead to dubious efforts in care. First, when objective risks of a disaster are poorly understood, positive experiences may lead to an underestimation of these risks and a corresponding underinvestment in prevention. Second, redundancies designed for safety may lead agents to take substandard care. Finally, elected officials have an incentive to underinvest in prevention for some disasters, especially those that are relatively unlikely.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119215147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change, Insurability of Large-Scale Disasters and the Emerging Liability Challenge","authors":"","doi":"10.3386/W12821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W12821","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the interaction between uncertainty and insurability in the context of some of the risks associated with climate change. It discusses the evolution of insured losses due to weather-related disasters over the past decade, and the key drivers of the sharp increases in both economic and insured catastrophe losses over the past 20 years. In particular we examine the impact of development in hazard-prone areas and of global warming on the potential for catastrophic losses in the future. In this context we discuss the implications for insurance risk capital and the capacity of the insurance industry to handle large-scale events. A key question that needs to be addressed is the factors that determine the insurability of a risk and the extent of coverage offered by the private sector to provide protection against extreme events where there is significant uncertainty surrounding the probability and consequences of a catastrophic loss. We discuss the concepts of insurability by focusing on coverage for natural hazards, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods. The paper also focuses on the liability issues associated with global climate change, and possible implications for insurers (including D&O), given the difficulty in identifying potential defendants, tracing harm to their actions and apportioning damages among them. The paper concludes by suggesting ways that insurers can help mitigate future damages from global climate change by providing premium reductions and rate credits to companies investing in risk-reducing measures.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127541827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misrepresentation Drives Projects","authors":"B. Flyvbjerg","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2721093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2721093","url":null,"abstract":"Recently as I was concluding a study on megaprojects, I thought of Nobel Prize winner F.A. Hayek's controversial article about the selection of political leaders, Why The Worst Gets on Top. Like Hayek's political leaders we found that is not necessarily the best megaprojects that succeed.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117076710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Water Utility Companies’ Willingness to Promote Sustainable Water Use","authors":"Giulia C. Romano, N. Salvati, A. Guerrini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2331368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2331368","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper investigates the factors affecting water utility companies’ willingness to implement public information campaigns aimed at promoting sustainable water use and reducing household water consumption. We have analyzed 114 Italian water utility companies. For each we hand-collected data regarding their suggestions for reducing household water consumption and sustainable reporting information, published on the corporate websites. We then classified each utility on the basis of their ownership, diversification, location, sales, population served, tariff and annual rainfall. Using M-quantile regression for count data we have constructed a performance measure of Italian water utility companies and have ranked them by the identification of a unique M-quantile coefficient associated with each datum observed. The paper provides some interesting insights into the type of companies most sensitive to water sustainability issues, providing potential guidance to policy makers in defining a water management framework and selecting firms to manage water services. Larger firms located in the center of Italy, in drought regions and the driest areas, seem to be more sensitive to promoting the reduction of household water consumption. Moreover, companies operating only in the water business that are publicly owned and apply lower tariffs embody the type of institutions that make greater use of web information campaigns to reduce consumption.","PeriodicalId":280762,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Built Environment (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116583732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}