{"title":"Bayesian Approach to Limited-Angle CT Reconstruction*","authors":"K. Hanson, G. W. Wecksung","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.fa6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.fa6","url":null,"abstract":"Consider the function f(x,y) to belong to the set of all integrable functions with compact support. The projections of f(x,y) may generally be written as where the hi are strip-like response functions corresponding to each of the N available projection measurements. The objective of computed tomography (CT) is to reconstruct the source function f(x,y) from these N measurements. Clearly a limited number of such measurements cannot completely specify an arbitrary f(x,y). Since Eq. 1 may be viewed as an inner product between hi and f in the Hilbert space of all acceptable functions, each measurement consists of a projection of the unknown vector f onto the basis vector hi. The available measurements can only provide Information about those components off that lie in the subspace spanned by the response functions called the measurement subspace. The components off that lie in the orthogonal (null) subspace do not contribute to the measurements and, hence, cannot be determined from the measurements alone. Without prior information about f(x,y) it is at least necessary to restrict the solution to the measurement space in order to make it unique, i.e., have minimum norm. The null-space components of such a solution are obviously zero. It is known that this leads to identifiable, objectionable artifacts when the projections span a limited range of angles.1,2 In its generality, Eq. 1 is representative of any discretely sampled, linear-imaging process. Thus, the above statements and the approach that follows are applicable to many other problems such as restoration of blurred images and coded-aperture imaging.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"175 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120866611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase Synchronization of Distorted Imaging Antenna Arrays","authors":"B. Steinberg","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.fa15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.fa15","url":null,"abstract":"Diffraction-limited performance of an imaging system is often unattainable without some feedback-controlled compensation built into the image-forming process. Dielectric-constant perturbations due to atmospheric turbulence distort the phasefront of the optical radiation field. Muller and Buffington have discovered a class of integrals of the image intensity which, when maximized by adjustments of a compensating lens or mirror, reduce the error in the image to zero, except for an unknown shift in the optical axis [1]. This is a remarkable theorem. Its success depends upon the spatial incoherence of optical sources. Another approach, due to Gerchberg and Saxton [2], utilizes known properties of the class of expected signals, their autocorrelations or their Fourier transforms. It introduces considerable heuristics into the iterative Fourier transformation process. After each successive transformation, portions of the image or its Fourier transform are retained and portions deleted. Retention or deletion is based on a priori scene information and the physics of the process. Ref. [3] and [4] apply [2] to the optical problem.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132576785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic image reconstruction techniques in inhomogeneous media satisfying the Born-Rytov approximation","authors":"W. Boerner","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.wa22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.wa22","url":null,"abstract":"The basis for developing projection tomographic reconstruction algorithms has been the assumption of straight-line ray-path propagation. But, in the case in which propagation occurs within discretely inhomogeneous media at wavelengths of the order of the size of the scatterer, phenomena such as refraction, reflection and diffraction can no longer be neglected and a straight-line projection tomographic approach fails. This is especially evident when a large difference in refractive index occurs, such as that encountered with dm-to-mm-wave propagation in inhomogeneous atmospheric media, representing hydrometeorite distributions, the marine ocean boundary layer, the ground surface underburden, or bone and soft layers within soft tissue. An exact solution for the general vector scattering case which strictly requires a polarimetric radiative transfer approach is not available, and in this research, the assumption is made that the media are weakly diffracting so that the Born and Rytov approximations are valid. Based on this assumption, various diffraction imaging methods were developed most recently, and we are basing our studies on Devaney's back-propagation tomographic approach which was developed upon the scalar wave theory. It is the main objective of this research to extend this work to the realm of electromagnetic vector wave theory for the improved diffraction-corrected imaging of radar targets embedded in clutter within the dm-to-mm-wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"32 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131126445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stable, non-iterative, object reconstruction from incomplete data using prior knowledge","authors":"A. M. Darling, T. Hall, M. Fiddy","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.wa9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.wa9","url":null,"abstract":"The non-uniqueness and instability of object reconstruction from incomplete data can only be resolved by a priori constraints restricting the set of admissible solutions. A successful approach is to choose the object consistent with the data and of minimum norm in a weighted Hilbert space [1,2]. The weight is chosen to reflect our prior knowledge of the solution. The algorithm involves the solution of a set of linear equations with Toeplitz structure which can be efficiently solved in a finite number of steps by the Levinson recursion [3]. We show the equivalence between this method and Miller regularisation [4,5] for ill-posed problems. Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method are shown in the presentation [see also ref. 2].","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115929940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mathematical Results of the Phase Retrieval Problem for Bandlimited Functions of Several Variables","authors":"W. Lawton","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.tha4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.tha4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions concerning bandlimited functions F(x) and G(x) of a vector variable x = (x1,…, xN) ϵ RN.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127597893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linear Estimation with a Size Constraint","authors":"M. J. Lahart","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.fa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.fa5","url":null,"abstract":"Least squares estimation has been used in image processing since Helstrom showed several years ago that Wiener filters could be used to deblur images1. In its most usual application, the technique uses the image data and the object and noise autocorrelation functions to compute the object that corresponds to the minimum of the sum of the squares of the noise values. We show here how least squares techniques can also be used to estimate spectral components when the size and shape of an object are known. Examples of missing components are high frequency Fourier components of an object that has been subjected to low pass filtering (blurring) and transforms of missing projections of an object that is to be restored through computed tomography.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126059330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matched Image Formation and Restoration System*","authors":"W. Cathey, B. Frieden, W. Rhodes, C. Rushforth","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.wa7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.wa7","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, attempts to increase the resolution of images by modification of the imaging system or by image enhancement techniques have been two separate fields of endeavor. Research on imaging systems concentrated on resolution increase by use of such approaches as special phase masks, the rearrangement of the spatial bandwidth of a system, and trades of temporal bandwidth for spatial bandwidth [1-7]. The image restoration techniques have concentrated on spectral extrapolation using maximum entropy, Bayes’ theorem, Gerchberg's algorithm, or some other iterative approach [8-12].","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127259267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometric Deconvolution of Artifacts in Limited View Computed Tomography","authors":"R. Rangayyan, R. Gordon","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.fa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.fa2","url":null,"abstract":"Images reconstructed using a limited number of projections measured over a narrow angle range are characterized by elliptic distortions along the directions of the raws used, and poor contrast at angles not used (anisotropic resolution). Thus, for example, a reconstruction computed using a few views measured about the vertical would have a vertical ellipsoidal distortion and poor resolution along the horizontal. We are interested in this particular case in connection with our experiments to achieve computed tomography from a few radiographs acquired at different angles using an ordinary overhead or mammographic x-ray unit. The aim is to transmit these images over telephone lines to provide inexpensive computed tomography to people living in remote areas. The angular coverage is restricted to the range 55-125 degrees. We are also attempting to compute high resolution tomographic images of the breast from a few film mammograms. Similar cases arise in industrial non-destructive testing and electron microscopy of biological macromolecules.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115468036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstruction in Electron Microscopy","authors":"W. O. Saxton","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.tha16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.tha16","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115940395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Four Models for the Band-Limited Signal Extrapolation Problem","authors":"Thomas S. Huang, J. S. L. Sang","doi":"10.1364/srs.1983.wa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/srs.1983.wa2","url":null,"abstract":"In refs. 2, 4, and 5, two algorithms for solving the continuous band-limited extrapolation problem were developed. However, in practical implementation of these algorithms, discretization is unavoidable. The relationships between the discrete and the continuous algorithms have never been adequately clarified in the literature. In the present paper, we attempt to shed some light on this question.","PeriodicalId":279385,"journal":{"name":"Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis with Incomplete Information and Partial Constraints","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127178990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}