Business & Entrepreneurship Journal最新文献

{"title":"Pest Analysis of Greece's External Environment in the View of Digital Transformation of SMEs","authors":"Maria Panta, Maria Xygkogianni","doi":"10.47260/bej/1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47260/bej/1211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000\u0000The Digital Transformation has restructured entire sectors in recent years. Τhe Covid-19 pandemic acted as an accelerator in the transition to the new digital era. Yet, SMEs struggle to successfully implement such profound organizational transformation and thus jeopardize their sustainability and their competitiveness. Greece still has a slow pace of digital transformation compared to other countries of the European Union. This paper applies the PEST-framework to investigate the factors of external macro-environment, such as political, economic, social and technological, that are related to the digital transformation of Greek SMEs. The analysis showed that Greek SMEs are facing multiples challenges, yet several environmental factors could be proved extremely beneficial and helpful for them. \u0000\u0000Keywords: Digital Transformation, SMEs, external environment, Pest analysis, Greece.","PeriodicalId":278578,"journal":{"name":"Business & Entrepreneurship Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121896392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implementation of the EU Strategy for Free Trade Through the Conclusion of Bilateral Agreements with its Major Partners the Latest Developments","authors":"O. Spiliopoulos, D. Petropoulos","doi":"10.47260/bej/1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47260/bej/1122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000\u0000The need to achieve greater opening of international markets in more areas of\u0000economic activity has prompted the EU since the mid-2000s, specifically from 2006\u0000onwards, to launch a process of negotiating new bilateral economic agreements. The\u0000purpose was not to conclude agreements that would be limited to regulating the\u0000traditional aspects of trade with its economic partners, but agreements whose scope\u0000would include all economic relations between the contracting parties. The key\u0000element of these new generation agreements is their global content given that,\u0000regardless of their title, their object is to regulate both trade in goods and services\u0000and trade-related areas such as investment status, public procurement, competition\u0000issues, protection of intellectual property rights. Their basic aim is to liberalize and\u0000facilitate trade in goods and services between the parties. The present study seeks\u0000to examine the objectives as well as the fundamental rules set out in these EU\u0000agreements.\u0000\u0000JEL classification numbers: K33, F02, F21.\u0000Keywords: European Union, International Agreements, Free Trade.","PeriodicalId":278578,"journal":{"name":"Business & Entrepreneurship Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130621893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Regime of International Investment in the Light of New EU Economic Agreements","authors":"O. Spiliopoulos, D. Petropoulos","doi":"10.47260/bej/1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47260/bej/1123","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000\u0000By the term \"regime\" of international investment, we mean the fundamental principles and rules that constitute the regulatory framework for the investment of nationals or companies of one State in the territory of another. This regime comprises two components, the first of which relates to the establishment of foreign investment / investors in the host State and the second, and most important, covers their subsequent treatment by its public authorities. Such principles and rules are laid down in the new EU economic agreements, some of which constitute comprehensive Free Trade Agreements containing a chapter on foreign investment establishment liberalization (EU-Japan, EU-South Korea, EU-Australia, EU-New Zealand), others which also have comprehensive scope, contain a chapter on both investment liberalization and investment protection (EU-Canada CETA, EU-Mexico) while others are stand-alone investment agreements as they exclusively rule the protection of the investments of one party's nationals or companies in the territory of the other (EU-Singapore IPA, EU-Vietnam IPA, EU-Japan IPA). These EU agreements contain reformed investment protection rules that are not present in the existing Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). A key common feature of the above agreements, especially in the field of protection/treatment of foreign investment/investors, is the establishment of rules seeking to clarify some critical concepts in order to reduce the margins of discretion of both parties and their investors in the interpretation and application of rules adopted. In this context, the texts clarify, first of all, the notion of investment and investor to make clear who are entitled to invoke the provisions of the agreements to claim protection against the practices of the authorities of the host Party. It is clear that the so-called ‘shell’ or ’mailbox’ companies are not protected. The agreements also define more clearly and precisely on the one hand the concept of fundamental standards of treatment (non-discrimination, fair and equitable treatment, physical security, protection against expropriation, possibility to transfer and repatriate funds relating to an investment) and on the other hand the cases in which the authorities of the Contracting Parties are in breach of these standards. The aim is to avoid unfounded complaints against measures which do not, however, constitute a breach by the authorities of the obligations arising from the provisions of the agreements. The pursuit of creating a secure legal environment for foreign investors and their investments ultimately involves the creation of a permanent, objective, independent and impartial dispute resolution system.\u0000\u0000JEL classification numbers: K33, F02, F21.\u0000Keywords: European Union, International Agreements, Investment liberalization, Investment Protection.","PeriodicalId":278578,"journal":{"name":"Business & Entrepreneurship Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134020856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Hand Brewed Coffee Take Taiwan Coffee Beans as An Example","authors":"Pei-Ling Hung, Yu-Cheng Chang, Cheng-Hao Lai, Hsuan-Yu Pan","doi":"10.47260/bej/1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47260/bej/1121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000\u0000This study uses the research structure of the experimental design, taking Taiwan specialty coffee beans as an example, and selects four aspects which are a coffee grind, brewing water temperature, coffee blooming, and coffee water powder ratio that is most likely to affect the coffee extraction rate and coffee concentration. Brewing with hand brewing equipment which is easier to buy in daily life, and obtain data analysis, and then conduct experiments and comparisons with coffee beans from other countries. The results of this study found that coffee beans from different producing areas can be slightly adjusted for different brewing techniques to reduce the consumption of coffee beans and reduce costs, to provide consumers and subsequent researchers with references and suggestions.\u0000\u0000JEL classification numbers: O13, P32, Q15.\u0000Keywords: Taiwan Coffee Bean, Brew Coffee, Variation Analysis, and Gold Cup.","PeriodicalId":278578,"journal":{"name":"Business & Entrepreneurship Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125878909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}