{"title":"Earthworm Depuration: Analysis of Coprophagy and Light Impacts","authors":"Katherine Messer, A. Wilkie","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128440","url":null,"abstract":"Earthworms are used as biomarkers to determine the bioavailability of contaminants. As such, their uptake of contaminants has been studied extensively. Protocols have been established to ensure that laboratory-obtained data are valid and comparable. However, the method of removing the organism’s gut content (depuration) before assessing the contaminant in the tissue is not standardized. The aim of this research project is to investigate some parameters for earthworm depuration: light conditions and coprophagy prevention. Eisenia fetida were depurated for 48 hours in two separate studies according to guidelines ASTM-E1676 and OECD Test No. 317. In one study, 2 frequencies of egesta removal were employed during depuration to prevent coprophagy and compared to the control (egesta and worms removed after 48 hours). In another study, the subjects and material egested were assessed under conditions of continuous darkness and the control (continuous light). The depuration methods that included egesta removal every 12 and 24 hours resulted in 62% and 10% more egested material per mg of earthworm than the control (filter paper disc change after 48 hours), respectively. The earthworms depurated in continuous darkness egested 94% more material per mg of earthworm than the control. The results indicate that depuration would be more total under continuous darkness and employing a coprophagy prevention method. These findings could lead to more efficient depuration methods.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130468398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing Cities Through Sound","authors":"Clara Martucci","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128400","url":null,"abstract":"Sound shapes space. However, the architectural training of designers usually prioritizes visual aspects of a building or urban space without considering the sonic environment and auditory responses of humans who may engage or occupy the built environment. The concept of the “soundscape” brings together the visual and sonic environments, allowing designers to develop more nuanced, responsive, and effective spaces (Southworth, 1967, pp. 6-8) \u0000Acousticians define soundscape as “a person’s perceptual construct of the acoustic environment of that place” (Kang & Schulte-Fortkamp, 2017, p. 5). People’s interpretation of auditory sensations can lead to either positive or negative feelings regarding that specific place. Because urban spaces include both a great number of sound sources and a high number of people occupying and moving through them, the sonic environments and urban soundscapes are complex, layered, and dense. \u0000This research evaluates the sonic qualities of urban spaces to provide designers with a means by which these complex environments can be better understood, analyzed, and created. It draws on an expanding body of research in architectural acoustics, and direct observation of cities in the United States and Italy conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than relying solely on numeric calculations, this work probes the notion of the “perceptual construct,” seeking to make visual these constructs. Drawings and photographs from different cities are used to study the form of the city through urban edges and the emerging concept of green acoustics. The work provides a way of creating a new architecture of public space through the lens of the sonic environment. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128121796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protect the Filter Bubbles","authors":"Priya Dames","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128414","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, Knight v. Trump sparked discussion about the boundaries between government and citizen speech on social media. Some scholars argued that the courts erred in their decision to characterize the speech in question as government speech. Others argued that the court decided correctly and claimed that the use of forum analysis was necessary to protect both the health of our democracy and the First Amendment rights of social media users. Within the context of algorithmic curation of social media feeds, this article argues that (1) social media platforms are not designated public forums due to the algorithmic curation of online user speech, (2) due to this, the public forum doctrine should not have been applied to the Knight v. Trump case, (3) despite this, user speech rights should be protected online. It also reviews proposed models of thinking that could address unresolved issues of the case.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130185366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leverage","authors":"Jeffrey Thomas Hayden","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128121","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the connection between U.S. military aid to the Afghan Mujahedeen during the Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989) and the rise of Islamist militias in Afghanistan during the 1990s. Funding for the Mujahedeen during the conflict exceeded over $3 billion between the Carter and Reagan presidencies, and these funds were later used by Islamist insurgents during the Afghan civil wars. However, the reasons behind the U.S. support is poorly understood. The article explores U.S. State Department and National Security Council documents to suggest that U.S. aid for the Mujahedeen was primarily given to repair US-Pakistani relations and humiliate Cold War rivals rather than to support an independent Afghanistan. The article argues that contemporary foreign policy goals incensed the United States to fund the Islamist organizations that would be Al-Qaeda and the Afghan Taliban.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122399027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Newfound Empathy","authors":"Shannon Rose Chamberlain","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128415","url":null,"abstract":"The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770. Following the death of five Bostonians, both the American colonists and the royal officials in Boston took testimonies and sent them to London. Elected colonial agents issued motions to open debate on Parliament’s accountability in creating an imbalanced relationship between the military and civil authorities in the colonies. Unfortunately, the motions from these colonial agents were voted in the negative, leading to disappointment on both sides of the Atlantic. Two years prior, a similar tragedy happened in England: The Massacre of St. George’s Fields. Scottish soldiers accosted a British mob that had gathered to protest the arrest of MP John Wilkes. From 1768 to 1771, Parliament rejected motions that sought to reconcile the grievances that led to the Massacre of St. George’s Fields. After years of Parliament silencing colonial agents and liberal politicians, the British public began to express a stronger sense of understanding and empathy towards the American colonists, as evident by the outpouring of public support in the months following the Boston Massacre.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126894598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Electric Vehicle Policies","authors":"Nicholas Taormina, Rahul Ainpudi","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128716","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between legal policy and the Electric Vehicle market in countries from around the world. As climate change has become an increasingly more important issue in modern society, heavy emphasis has been placed on environmentally conscious alternatives to many things used in daily life. Transportation, one of the largest and most polluting sectors of the economy, has seen many advances towards an eco-friendly future. Electric Vehicles, or EVs, have been lauded as the answer to heavily-polluting Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) by governments around the world. They have dumped large amounts of money in the form of tax breaks and subsidies into the EV sector, but it is unclear if that is really having an effect on the market. This study finds no correlation between the amount of money a government is offering to subsidize the purchase of EVs and the EV market share of the country. While EV law structure varies heavily between countries, the general contribution to the sector by governments is largely the same around the world.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116043909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining Waterways Near UF Campus for Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"Emily Stone","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128431","url":null,"abstract":"The use of clinical antibiotics has greatly increased the scope and severity of naturally occurring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Processing of wastewater by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reduces but does not eliminate the concentration of clinical antibiotics present. Bacterial communities residing in aquatic biofilms are more easily able to exchange genes than their planktonic counterparts and thus display a higher rate of AMR. Previous work has indicated the presence of clinical antibiotics and AMR genes in several aquatic systems worldwide. Gainesville, FL has a significant population density and is home to the state’s third-largest hospital as well as a major university; thus, environmental monitoring for AMR genes is a pertinent undertaking. Biofilms were sampled from sites along the Sweetwater Branch Creek upstream and downstream of the GRU Main Street Water Reclamation Facility (WWTP). Colonies were screened for resistance on R2A plates containing ampicillin, methicillin, or vancomycin. After four days, colonies were randomly selected for genetic analysis via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis to detect corresponding antimicrobial resistance genes. Only two colonies of thirty-five were positive for AMR genes: one colony from the downstream site which displayed the ampC gene for ampicillin resistance and one upstream isolate which displayed the vanA gene for vancomycin resistance. The preliminary results of this sampling project indicate only a small amount of resistance present along the Sweetwater Branch Creek, though AMR dynamics may be better illuminated by further analysis.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125633646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"America's Wellness Consumerism","authors":"Karina Veronica Sarandrea","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128723","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to investigate historical “wellness consumerism” and why it has continued to exist. Wellness consumerism is distinct from concepts like health consumerism in that it is not strictly related to or reinforced by the U.S. health care system. The opposite has tended to occur because of rampant online health misinformation. Present research does not unite public health, online health misinformation, and socioeconomic influences (e.g. the wellness movement and wellness economy) under a common framework nor does it examine them with a historical perspective. In addition, present research does not examine the relationship between online health misinformation and wellness trends. Medical journals, the history of the wellness movement, and oral history interviews from witnesses of the wellness movement were used to explore wellness consumerism’s impact on people and public health. A study was conducted on a random sample of Amazon dietary supplements to investigate the relationship between health misinformation and affiliation with wellness trends. The results provide strong evidence for an association between the two, suggesting that producers of the wellness economy may be likely to spread health misinformation. Wellness consumerism resulted from co-optation of wellness by producers and has sustained longevity because it fills a gap in healthcare demand and worsens existing distrust in it. Wellness consumerism promotes a cycle of health information sharing that has negative implications for public health. This study highlights health problems uniquely associated with wellness consumerism and sheds light on other possible future socioeconomic challenges to public health while providing a basis for further consumer protections or health legislation that may be discussed in U.S. policy circles","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125095052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalina Luna, Lauren A. Stone, D. Feier, Tyler Shroll
{"title":"The Correlation Between Availability of Pediatricians and Child Mortality within the United States","authors":"Catalina Luna, Lauren A. Stone, D. Feier, Tyler Shroll","doi":"10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v23i.128677","url":null,"abstract":"As the profession of pediatrics becomes more popular, the decision of whether a pediatrician is necessary becomes increasingly prevalent. Understanding whether the availability of pediatricians is correlated to child mortality rates in the United States is essential to provide statistical evidence on the efficacy of current pediatric practices. This study aims to find a strong negative correlation between the availability of pediatricians and the mortality rates of children 18 and under in the United States. Data on U.S. child mortality rates from the CDC’s WONDER database and data on pediatricians from the American Board of Pediatrics were collected to perform 4 separate correlational tests on Microsoft Excel. The first test examined the correlation between the ratio of pediatricians in each state with state-by-state child mortality rates in 2018. The second test examined the number of certified pediatricians from 2000-2018 in the entire U.S. population with the child mortality rate in the same time period. The third and fourth tests examined the correlation between the number of certified pediatricians in 2000-2018 in the entire U.S. population with the child mortality rate due to cardiac-related and endocrine-metabolic diseases, respectively. Each test showed a moderate negative correlation demonstrating an implied relationship in which a higher number of pediatricians relates to lower child mortality rates. These results can be used to further public knowledge on the effects and potential benefits that pediatricians have on childhood health and development, helping parents make more informed decisions regarding their child's pediatric care options.","PeriodicalId":278243,"journal":{"name":"UF Journal of Undergraduate Research","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124941476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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