Social Psychological Review最新文献

{"title":"Self-protective mechanisms for dealing with low economic status: The moderating role of system blame","authors":"Hanna Zagefka","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.2.73","url":null,"abstract":"This work set out to test a hypothesis put forth by Social Identity Theory, and echoed by work from the stigma and social comparison traditions, i.e. that people will play down the importance of comparison dimensions on which their own status is relatively low. They are hypothesised to do so out of a desire to protect their selfesteem. Evidence for this hypothesis was found in a survey among 235 ethnic minority members in the UK who were asked about the dimension of perceived economic well-being. As predicted, low perceived personal economic status correlated negatively with ‘importance’ attached to economic well-being. However, the pattern observed for perceived group status was in the opposite direction (lower group status was associated with higher ‘importance’). This latter finding suggests an extension of existing theory. More specifically, it suggests that the effect of own ‘status’ on ‘importance’ might be moderated by ‘attribution patterns’, i.e. attributions of the status predominantly to the ‘self’ or an unjust ‘system’. In line with this, it was then hypothesised that ‘low status’ reduces attached ‘importance’ if ‘self-blame’ is high, but that it actually increases ‘importance’ if ‘system-blame’ is high. This extended hypothesis was tested in a second study, i.e. an experiment among 76 Italian students when focussing on the dimension of economic well-being. Results yielded clear support for this moderation hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131518345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Justice: Research, Action and Policy Sixth Biennial SPSSI Convention Long Beach, California, 2006","authors":"Gamze Baray","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129334991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulating selves: Social psychology and the study of identity","authors":"M. Wetherell","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115579117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hosting a BPS Social Psychology Section Annual Conference: Expression of interest","authors":"C. Stott","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117209696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open questions in implementation intention research","authors":"P. Gollwitzer","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"WEBB (THISVOLUME) CONSIDERS the making of if-then plans (i.e. implementation intentions such as 'If thewaiter asks me for my order, then I will choose a vegetarian dish and a non-alcoholic drink!') as a powerful self-regulation strategy that helps people to meet their goals of doing more good and less bad. He points to the comparative lack of success that is achieved when people restrict their self-regulation to the forming of mere goals (e.g. 'I want to eat more vegetables!' and 'I want to drink less alcohol!'). This common goal intention-behaviour gap is due to the fact that people often do not have access to the necessary skills, efforts, and opportunities, and that they often face conflicting behavioural tendencies exactly at that point in time when it were appropriate to act on the focal goal no matter whether these opposing forces originate from inside or outside, from chronic bad habits or pressing competing goals. Webb argues that explicating the implementation of one's goals should facilitate their attainment, in particular if this is done in the form of if-then plans (implementation intentions). This should be the case because of the following psychological mechanisms (Gollwitzer, 1993, 1999): the mental representation of the critical situational cues specified in the if-part of an implementation intention becomes highly activated and thus these cues are more easily recalled and detected, as well as more readily attended to. Moreover, in the presence of the critical cue, the initiation of the goal-directed response specified in the then-part becomes automated in the sense that it is now immediate, efficient (i.e. effortless), and no longer requires a conscious intent. In support of these ideas, Webb reports studies showing that goal attainment is generally facilitated when implementation intentions have been formed, and that implementation intention effects are particularly pronounced when goal attainment is difficult by itself or becomes difficult because of the interference of bad habits. He then describes experiments that allow attributing these beneficial effects to the postulated mechanisms (e.g. Aarts et al., 1999, for the heightened activation of the mental representation of specified cues; and Webb and Sheeran, under review, for the automation of the specified goal-directed response). Finally, Webb raises some open issues of implementation intention research. He asks intriguing questions of: (a) how the motivation to reach a given goal influences the effects of respective implementation intentions on actual goal attainment; (b) whether the formation ofmultiple if-then plans in the service of a given goal weakens implementation intention effects; and (c) whether there are individual difference variables that potentially modify implementation intention effects. In the following I will address these issues one by one.","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130926205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting things done: Self-regulatory processes in goal pursuit","authors":"T. Webb","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Self-regulation is the process by which people direct their thoughts, feelings, and actions in order to achieve their goals. For example, how does a person control their alcohol consumption or remember to feed the cat? A starting point for understanding self-regulation is the concept of intention, which is assumed to capture the motivational factors that influence behaviour. However, recent experimental evidence suggests that a ‘medium-to-large’ change in intention leads only to a ‘small-to-medium’ change in subsequent behaviour. Investigation of the volitional issues that people face when trying to act on their intentions reveals that intentions are more likely to be translated into behaviour if they are supplemented with specific plans about when, where, and how to perform be aviour (known as ‘implementation intentions’, Gollwitzer, 1999). Furthermore, there is evidence that motivation and volition interact such that implementation intentions only benefit self-regulation when respective goal intentions are strong and activated. The final part of this review considers evidence for two mechanisms which may underlie the beneficial effects of implementation intentions; namely, heightened accessibility of specified situational cues and strong cue-response linkages.","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134560712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BPS Social Psychology Section additional support for member activity and events","authors":"C. Stott","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128873939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Papers: Social Psychology Section Annual Conference 2006","authors":"Julie Christian, R. Crisp, M. Larkin, K. Quinn, D. Van Rooy","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114070566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community review of police conduct: An intergroup perspective1","authors":"René M. Dailey, S. Reid, M. C. Anderson, H. Giles","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2006.8.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Law enforcement continually walks a fine-line between the protection and the violation of individual rights. It derives its power from the community it serves, and it is accountable to that community. To ensure the latter, some cities have implemented community review systems that monitor police conduct. These systems are intended to be impartial evaluators of law enforcement, in particular, complaints against law enforcement. We analyse the various structures and characteristics of community review systems, as well as the empirical research attending them. In doing so, we situate the problems associated with community review systems from a social psychological perspective, arguing that their shortcomings may be remedied through a consideration of intergroup processes which focus on shared identity and the role of power differentiation between police and community. Finally, we suggest improvements and further research.","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127560995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of prejudice, stereotyping and intergroup relations: Intrapersonal and interpersonal processes","authors":"Amanda B. Brodish, Patricia G. Devine","doi":"10.53841/bpsspr.2005.7.2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2005.7.2.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278221,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}