Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy最新文献

{"title":"Chapter 9 Developing Measures for the Waste Management Hierarchy: A South Australian Case Study","authors":"A. Sharp, Lara Stocchi, Vaughan Levitzke, Marcia Kreinhold","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The Waste Management Hierarchy is a well-established framework for conceptualizing the spectrum of desirable behaviours to manage, reduce and avoid waste. To date, research relating to the householder behaviours on the Waste Management Hierarchy has primarily focused on the lower order disposal and recycling behaviours, reflecting the areas of historical policy attention. Recently, however, policy focus has shifted to ‘higher order’ behaviours such as reuse and avoidance, in line with Circular Economy thinking. To address the measurement gap, this chapter develops and tests a battery of householder waste behaviour measures across the entire waste hierarchy. The battery was piloted with 573 South Australian householders, where the ‘higher’ order waste behaviours are more likely to be displayed as the Waste Hierarchy has been embedded in waste policy directives for many years. Findings empirically validate the Waste Management Hierarchy, deliver a quantified benchmark of the prevalence of behaviours across its spectrum and explore the underlying motives driving pro-environmental behaviour.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121260150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 4 Biosolids: The Growing Potential for Use","authors":"C. H. Goh, M. Short, N. Bolan, C. Saint","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Biosolids, the residual solids from wastewater treatment operations and once considered a waste product by the industry, are now becoming increasingly recognised as a multifunctional resource with growing opportunities for marketable use. This shift in attitude towards biosolids management is spurred on by increasing volatility in energy, fertilizer and commodity markets as well as moves by the global community towards mitigating global warming and the effects of climate change. This chapter will provide an overview of current global biosolids practices (paired with a number of Australian examples) as well as discuss potential future uses of biosolids. Additionally, present and future risks and opportunities of biosolids use are highlighted, including potential policy implications.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 12 The Current State of Scrap Utilisation by Thai SMEs","authors":"S. Intrachooto","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The circular economy has become a significant policy in many countries around the world. In order to achieve a circular economy, wasteful use of resources must be reduced and waste products from manufacturing must be reintroduced into production systems. It is, however, impossible to totally avoid scraps from the production of most goods. This chapter describes an investigation of current practices of 108 small-and-medium-sized manufacturers (SMEs) regarding their use of solid wastes or scraps. Of particular interest are the scraps generated by SMEs because they comprise 98.5% of all manufacturers in Thailand. Despite concern regarding the growing volume of scraps from production lines, this study collected data from both factory visits and from manufacturers and found that waste reclamation policies among SMEs are rare. Most factory owners resort to selling off-cuts to formal and informal recyclers as well as dumping scraps in the city’s bins. Despite the general recognition of the growing creative industry in Thailand, the use of design has not been considered as a potential solution to this problem by manufacturers. Since failures in scrap reclamation schemes for product designs also hinge on market prospects and opportunities perceived by manufacturers, market strategies in the green economy must be devised. Only then can Thailand achieve circular material flow in its industrial sector.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117001798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 19 Construction and the Circular Economy: Smart and Industrialised Prefabrication","authors":"A. Elmualim, Sherif Mostafa, N. Chileshe, R. Rameezdeen","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the profound and influential impact the construction industry has on the national economy, together with the huge negative effect it has on the environment. It argues that by adopting smart and industrialised prefabrication (SAIP), the Australian construction industry, and the construction industry globally, is well positioned to leverage the circular economy to advance future industries with less impact on our natural environment. It discusses aspects of the application of digital technologies, specifically building information modelling, virtualisation, augmented and virtual reality and 3D printing, coupled with reverse logistics as a proponent for advancing the circular economy through smart, digitally enabled, industrialised prefabrication. It further postulates a framework for SAIP for the circular economy.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115322208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 2 Can Economics Assist the Transition to a Circular Economy?","authors":"M. Shanahan","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This chapter focusses on the links between economic ideas, sustainability and the circular economy. Economics begins with the view that all resources are scarce and careful and informed choices must be made to ensure resources are used efficiently and not wasted. Given the fundamental importance of markets to human resource allocation decisions, unless economic concepts, especially markets and prices, are used to help transition towards the circular economy, a sustainable economic growth process is unlikely to be achieved. Economists have long grappled with the problems of resource depletion, unsustainable growth and intergenerational equity. Their ideas and views about the interconnection between markets, the environment and resource use have been in existence for several centuries. While frequently overlooked, some of these ideas have important insights for sustainable development and the implementation of a circular economy. The chapter will consider how economic concepts could be used to help society transition to a circular economy. It will also argue that difficulties with the implementation of a circular economy lie less with the application of economic instruments, and more with the political and institutional constraints that reduce our ability to think creatively and innovatively about ‘cradle-to-cradle’ processes.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125759150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 8 What Role for the Social Enterprises in the Circular Economy?","authors":"R. Lane, W. Gumley","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000In debates about recycling and the circular economy, the role of existing organisations that already facilitate the circulation of materials through society can be neglected. Indeed, the social enterprise sector may currently be more significant than the commercial waste management sector in facilitating the circular economy within Australia. Drawing on interviews with organisations involved in collecting and reprocessing used electronics and scrap metal in Australia, the authors detail some of the synergies and tensions between the social enterprises and commercial organisations that have emerged as recycling gains traction through government policy and various forms of product stewardship. The authors conclude with suggestions for policy and governance approaches most likely to facilitate productive and perhaps symbiotic relationships between the two sectors in the future.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123337597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 10 Australian Regional Waste Footprints","authors":"Jacob Fry, M. Lenzen, D. Giurco, S. Pauliuk","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181015","url":null,"abstract":"The production of waste creates both direct and indirect environmental impacts. A range of strategies are available to reduce the generation of waste by industry and households, and to select waste treatment approaches that minimise environmental harm. However, evaluating these strategies requires reliable and detailed data on waste production and treatment. Unfortunately, published Australian waste data are typically highly aggregated, published by a variety of entities in different formats and do not form a complete time-series. We demonstrate a technique for constructing a multi-regional waste supply-use (MRWSU) framework for Australia using information from numerous waste data sources. This is the first subnational waste input–output framework to be constructed for Australia. We construct the framework using the Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab), a cloud-hosted computational platform for building Australian multiregional input–output tables. The structure of the framework complies with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). We demonstrate the use of the MRWSU framework by calculating waste ‘footprints’ that enumerate the full domestic supply chain waste production for Australian consumers.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 11 Renewing Materials: Implementing 3D Printing and Distributed Recycling in Samoa","authors":"Lionel Taito-Matamua, Jeongbin Ok","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181016","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses the grave issue of plastic waste in the Pacific. By using Samoa as a case study, it was considered that distributed recycling combined with 3D printing offers an opportunity to (1) repurpose and add new value to this difficult waste stream and (2) engage diverse local communities in Samoa by combining notions of participatory design with traditional Samoan social concepts. Fieldwork in Samoa established the scope of the issue through interviews with stakeholders in government, waste management businesses, the arts and crafts community and education. Based on the information obtained from the fieldwork, potential product areas and designs were explored through material and 3D printing experiments using low-cost, open-source equipment. The experiments informed the design of speculative scenarios for workable, economically viable, socially empowering and sustainable systems for repurposing and upcycling plastic waste, which then enabled production of practically useful and culturally meaningful 3D printed objects, artefacts and products. Building upon the outcome and with a view towards implementation, Creative Pathways, an educational initiative aimed at propagating 3D printing and contextual design, was established and is being delivered in local schools.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122051155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129455717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter 6 Circular by Design: A Model for Engaging Fashion/Textile SMEs with Strategies for Designed Reuse","authors":"Jen Ballie, M. Woods","doi":"10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-619-820181010","url":null,"abstract":"Fashion / textile SME’s (small to medium enterprises) are currently adding value to previously discarded textile waste by applying their practical skills, knowledge and expertise to rework and reuse. As a result, sustainable design strategies are beginning to emerge such as – zero waste pattern cutting, design for disassembly and upcycling. However, the scope for redesign will always influenced by the first iteration. We really need to consider the complete lifecycle at the front end of the innovation process to optimise lifecycles and reduce post consumer waste. Further work is also required to inspire and educate the next generation of designers to the immense creative potential of reuse, and help the industry to understand its viability, scalability and role in the future (DeCastro, 2014). \u0000 \u0000At the same time, fashion systems are moving beyond material innovation towards a circular economy to support systemic change for fashion globally. As a result, new business models are beginning to emerge, moving beyond GDP towards different kinds of metrics – which consider people, value systems and behaviour change. This paper explores how the principals of the circular economy and the four pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, economic and human capital) might support business model innovation within fashion and textiles. To achieve this, an exploratory canvas tools for SME’s titled ‘Circular by Design’ was devised to encourage new business ideas and innovation. The canvas tool places strategic design at the centre and supports an assessment of the lifecycle of each asset by mapping the different stakeholders, materials and processes to prototype and conceptualise closed loop systems. \u0000 \u0000‘Circular by Design’ was presented at the Scottish Textiles Symposium (2014) where three fashion / textile SME’s were selected to participate within an interview series. According to Scottish Enterprise, this sector of the business community have highlighted there is a lack of resources for R&D innovation (Scottish Enterprise, 2013). The ‘Circular by Design’ model was tested as an innovation method, for SME’s to consider new design approaches and business models. The aim was to expand upon the capability of SME’s to embrace closed loop systems by using the tool to identify the most appropriate sustainable design strategies for their business, and in addition supporting them to map out future material ecologies.","PeriodicalId":276096,"journal":{"name":"Unmaking Waste in Production and Consumption: Towards the Circular Economy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131427214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}