{"title":"‘An Iliad of evils in the head’","authors":"A. Compston","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 8, ‘An Iliad of evils in the head: Affectionum quædicuntur hystericæ et hypochondriacæ (1670–1678)’, provides a detailed bibliography, using the system described in chapter 4, of four copies of Willis’s fourth published book in which are included three treatises: 8. Affectionum quæ dicuntur hystericæ et hypochondriacæ; 9. De sanguinis accensione; and 10. De motu musculari. Uniquely among Willis’s writings, the first of these two treatises has not been translated into English. These descriptions are preceded by a narrative highlighting the main bibliographic issues that characterize the various editions, states, and issues of these copies. Of these, some are already known but others newly identified. {87 words}","PeriodicalId":275597,"journal":{"name":"'All manner of ingenuity and industry'","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126774247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘To delineate with most skillful hands’","authors":"A. Compston","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3: ‘To delineate with most skillful hands: illustration and the printed works of Thomas Willis’ explains methods for illustrating the printed works. The engraved frontispieces, three allegorical and one depicting Willis and his circle dissecting a human body, are described. Variations of the engraved portrait, first drawn by David Loggan, are documented. The features of 416 separate ornaments, used by twenty-three printers, are described. These include engraved title pages, head and tail pieces, fleurons and decorated capitals. The provenance and details of forty plates illustrating the texts, including work by Christopher Wren, their different states and copies ‘borrowed’ by other authors are documented. Many illustrations of each type are included. The chapter concludes with one table summarizing the number of images, printers’ plate, and leaves found in a complete copy; and another comparing the states used for each book described in the bibliography. {142 words}","PeriodicalId":275597,"journal":{"name":"'All manner of ingenuity and industry'","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130964228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses’","authors":"A. Compston","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1, ‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses: The life and reputation of Thomas Willis’, starts with the reaction to Willis’s death, aged 54, in 1675. From there, an account is given of Willis’s childhood and education in Oxford and his activities supporting the Royalist cause during the Civil War. After training in medicine, Willis’s casebook, involvement with the Oxford Experimental Philosophical Club and the episode of Anne Greene, spared from dissection through resuscitation after judicial hanging, and his lectures as Sedleian professor of Natural Philosophy in Oxford, are described. After moving to London in 1667, Willis was in demand as a physician and involved with the other Fellows of the Royal Society in reshaping ideas on respiration, fermentation, and muscular movement. The chapter ends with an analysis of the consolidation of Willis’s reputation as a major figure in the history of medicine.{146 words}","PeriodicalId":275597,"journal":{"name":"'All manner of ingenuity and industry'","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132352148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘The hearths and altars for the vital fire’","authors":"A. Compston","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 15, ‘The hearths and altars for the vital fire: medical chemistry and disease’ is based on a close reading of De fermentatione, De febribus, De urinis (1659), De scorbuto (1667), and De sanguinis accensione (1670) in explaining Willis’s concept of how living bodies function. His explanation that the nutritive products of digestion are distributed as chyle, interact with an unknown property of air leading to fermentation, with circulation of the heated blood to body parts where it is further altered, recirculation for refreshment in the lungs, and excretion of residues in several body fluids, is described. An account is given of Willis’s focus on the action of five principles (sulphur, spirit, salt, water, and earth), which heat the blood when inflamed. His description of disorders characterized by fever is described. The chapter ends with a summary of Willis’s treatise on the study of urine in detecting healthy and impaired fermentation. {149 words}","PeriodicalId":275597,"journal":{"name":"'All manner of ingenuity and industry'","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134214359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Those first forgotten particles’","authors":"A. Compston","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795391.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5. ‘Those first forgotten particles: Diatribae duae medico-philosophicae (1659–1687)’ provides a detailed bibliography, using the system described in chapter 4, of sixteen copies of Willis’s first published book in which are included three treatises: 1. De fermentatione; 2. De febribus; and 3. De urinis. The treatises on fermentation and fevers were translated and published in Dutch, together with the short work on scurvy (first published in 1667); and, alone amongst Willis’s writings, the treatise on urines was translated and published in French. These descriptions are preceded by a narrative highlighting the main bibliographic issues that characterize the various editions, states, and issues of these copies. Of these, some are already known but others newly identified. {117 words}","PeriodicalId":275597,"journal":{"name":"'All manner of ingenuity and industry'","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}