An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)最新文献

Exploring an Architectural Paradigm for the 15-minute city planning model: Towards reforming gaps of services in Nablus 探索 15 分钟城市规划模式的建筑范例：改革纳布卢斯的服务差距

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2164

Diana Enab, Zahraa Zawawi, Nadia Mounajjed

{"title":"Exploring an Architectural Paradigm for the 15-minute city planning model: Towards reforming gaps of services in Nablus","authors":"Diana Enab, Zahraa Zawawi, Nadia Mounajjed","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2164","url":null,"abstract":"The existing literature on the 15-minute city planning model mainly covers conceptual strategies, responsive urban transformations, and innovative urban development projects at the neighborhood level. However, little attention has been given to the actual architecture of the 15-minute city. This planning model emphasizes the relationship between time and space of services in neighborhoods, which can be used as a scientific method to fill the gaps in services in Nablus neighborhoods. Local feedback on the distribution of services, proximity, and mobility in Nablus neighborhoods has highlighted the need to reimagine the comprehensiveness, density, and accessibility of services. Additionally, the prioritization of services has changed during COVID-19, which emphasizes the importance of architecture that considers flexibility in services. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the use of prefabrication construction technology in the placement of urban service units as a sustainable architectural model to realize the 15-minute city planning model. The paper presents the integration of structural system analysis, environmental considerations, and sterilization criteria into the model and proposes guidelines for the feasibility of this model. The resulting urban service framework of the architectural paradigm responds to the pointed-out needs of the population, and the temporary introduction of the model makes the application of the model responsive to the local shortage of vacant lands.","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139686543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planetary Gearbox Design and Development using Additive Manufacturing 使用快速成型技术设计和开发行星齿轮箱

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2150

Mohammed Amer

{"title":"Planetary Gearbox Design and Development using Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Mohammed Amer","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2150","url":null,"abstract":"Modern manufacturing technology is dominated by additive manufacturing due to its simplicity, precision, time and material savings, and flexibility in design. The purpose of this study is to propose and print a 3D model of planetary gear trains since these gear trains are more efficient than conventional gear trains and have many advantages. A planet gear trains must have collinear input and output axes in order to achieve compact space requirements. Using even spacing between the planets in a gear train allows both static and dynamic forces to be balanced. It is also possible for multiple planets to produce high torques. Finally, it is capable of providing a wide range of speeds. The printed model performed exceptionally well when it came to performance, and it can be used for both educational and industrial purposes, exhibiting the ability to withstand a high level of stress. The current paper demonstrated the process of 3D printing and the challenges involved in printing planetary gear trains, as well as possible solutions to these challenges. Finally, tolerances were reported as 0.5 mm on the final CAD model, and 0.15 mm on the last updated results","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"12 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control approach for photovoltaic inverters enhancing the primary grid using the virtual synchronous generator concept 使用虚拟同步发电机概念的光伏逆变器增强主电网的控制方法

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2163

Noor Aldeen Ghazzawi, Moien A. Omar, Marwan Mahmoud

{"title":"Control approach for photovoltaic inverters enhancing the primary grid using the virtual synchronous generator concept","authors":"Noor Aldeen Ghazzawi, Moien A. Omar, Marwan Mahmoud","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a control scheme for virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) in PV inverters, designed to enhance grid frequency and voltage. Through the skillful management of active and reactive power, this control scheme enables PV inverters to interact seamlessly with the main grid in response to grid events, including voltage and frequency fluctuations. The VSG controller is implemented using Matlab Simulink, and its effectiveness is rigorously assessed under various scenarios in a case study involves a 50 kVA rated PV inverter, a 50 kW rated PV system, and a 220 V grid phase voltage. In conditions of low power generation from the PV system (solar radiation of 200 W/m²) and high load power (120 kW and 37.5 kVAr), the load voltage drops to 202.4 V. The VSG controller successfully raises the grid voltage by 17.6 V, stabilizing it at 220 V. Conversely, in scenarios of high PV power generation (solar radiation of 1000 W/m²) and low load power (20 kW and 7.5 kVAr), the grid voltage surges by 10 V, reaching 230 V. The proposed control strategy adeptly fine-tunes the voltage, ultimately stabilizing at 220 V. Additionally, when the frequency deviates within ±0.4 Hz from the nominal frequency of 50 Hz, the proposed control effectively restores the frequency to its nominal value.","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139686862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptual Feasibility of a Portable Containerized and Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System for Rural Regions: A Case Study in Palestine 农村地区便携式集装箱化分散废水处理系统的概念可行性：巴勒斯坦案例研究

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2149

Mahmoud Sallam, Amal Yaseen, Leena Refai, Amjad El-Qanni

{"title":"Conceptual Feasibility of a Portable Containerized and Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System for Rural Regions: A Case Study in Palestine","authors":"Mahmoud Sallam, Amal Yaseen, Leena Refai, Amjad El-Qanni","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2149","url":null,"abstract":"The necessary implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment systems in densely populated rural regions is a viable alternative to constructing a large centralized system. Therefore, this study aims to assess the conceptual feasibility of implementing a portable containerized and decentralized wastewater treatment system as a case study in Palestine that can help in treating wastewater in rural areas efficiently generated by up to 4,000 individuals. The conceptually proposed system is comprised of two stages. The initial stage includes a standalone primary sedimentation tank located outside the container. The subsequent stage consists of a container housing all the equipment utilized in the treatment process beginning with aeration, followed by secondary sedimentation, and ending with filtration and chlorination. Although the system is designed as a single container, in practice, it will consist of two containers with identical units. The second container will ensure continuous operation mode in case of maintenance in the first container. An initial cost evaluation was conducted, and the projected cost for one container is roughly $9,800, which is reasonable. Indeed, adopting this proposed system would result in a significant cost-saving of approximately 40 million dollars compared to the current west wastewater treatment plant in Nablus. Additional research can be undertaken to explore the running cost and the level of efficacy attained","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Levels of Awareness and Implementation Effectiveness of Lean Tools in Furniture Industry: A Case Study Approach 评估家具行业对精益工具的认识水平和实施效果：案例研究法

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2147

Baraa Hakawati, Hamed Al-Hamadneh, Yahya Saleh

{"title":"Assessing the Levels of Awareness and Implementation Effectiveness of Lean Tools in Furniture Industry: A Case Study Approach","authors":"Baraa Hakawati, Hamed Al-Hamadneh, Yahya Saleh","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2147","url":null,"abstract":"The furniture industry, characterized by diverse product lines, varying customer preferences and global completion, faces constant pressure to improve efficiency, reduce costs and maintain product quality. To this end, the furniture industry employs diverse tools in their operations including Lean tools which emphasize waste reduction, process optimization and continuous improvement. Within this context, this study aims at assessing the levels of awareness, implementation, effectiveness and the future use of Lean tools in Palestinian furniture industry as perceived by its employees. More specifically, a case study of a Palestinian furniture company of 120 employees was selected for this purpose. A quantitative research method was adopted where the perceptions on Lean tools were collected from a random sample of employees using a self-administered questionnaire. Collected data were statistically analyzed. It was found that awareness and the future use of Lean tools are of moderate level, while implementation and effectiveness are, respectively of low and high levels. A real case application in the cabinet assembly department of the company was conducted where the state of the department was analyzed before Lean implementation over one month of work. Then, three Lean tools (5S, Just-in-Time and Continuous Flow) were applied in the department. A set of performance metrics have been measured before and after Lean tools implementation. The analysis revealed substantial improvements in waste reduction, cost, labor utilization, assembly time and productivity. The findings of this study would be of great value for policy and decision makers in wooden and furniture industry, particularly in emerging countries like Palestine, to adopt, adapt and advance in Lean philosophies, principles and tools to improve the quality of their processes and products and ultimately satisfy their customer needs.","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"57 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Energy Outlook: Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil in Palestine 可持续能源展望：巴勒斯坦利用废食用油生产生物柴油

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2151

I. Alsurakji, Ahmad Ashqar, Fihme Hantoli, Maher Abdulkareem

{"title":"Sustainable Energy Outlook: Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil in Palestine","authors":"I. Alsurakji, Ahmad Ashqar, Fihme Hantoli, Maher Abdulkareem","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2151","url":null,"abstract":"Developing alternatives to fossil fuels has become increasingly essential due to the ongoing depletion of non-renewable energy sources worldwide. Biodiesel, a promising substitute for fossil fuels, is not only environmentally friendly but also compatible with diesel engines. The process of converting used vegetable oils or animal fats into biodiesel is known as transesterification. In order to increase Palestine's potential for renewable energy and attain energy independence, biodiesel could be used as a renewable resource. This study focuses on the viability of developing a home appliance that can transform used cooking oil into biodiesel appropriate for domestic usage. Currently, used cooking oil is disposed of inappropriately in Palestine, causing serious environmental harm. Palestine stands to gain by addressing this environmental problem and making it simpler to use used cooking oil as a renewable energy source. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to create a machine that is simple to operate, affordable in comparison to other devices on the market, and needs minimal maintenance. An in-house prototype was built at An-Najah National University's workshop for 4,500 NIS (or roughly $1,320). In addition, a number of lab tests were performed to assess the characteristics of the cooking oil and the required reaction conditions, such as temperature, mixing rate, and the right catalyst. According to the findings, the created machine has a production cost that is 25% lower than that of conventional diesel while maintaining a comparable level of performance in diesel engines. This study opens the door for a long-term solution to Palestine's energy problems and environmental problems","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"52 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary Analysis of the Aftershock Sequence of the February 6, 2023, Turkey Earthquake 2023 年 2 月 6 日土耳其地震余震序列初步分析

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2148

Radwan El-Kelani, Anas Atatri

{"title":"Preliminary Analysis of the Aftershock Sequence of the February 6, 2023, Turkey Earthquake","authors":"Radwan El-Kelani, Anas Atatri","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2148","url":null,"abstract":"The February 6, 2023, Turkey earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw=7.8) will be recognized as one of the most powerful earthquakes to strike a large metropolitan area in recent memory. This quake occurred in southern Turkey near the northern border of Syria along the southern western branch of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF). This major event was followed by numerous significant aftershocks, with 14,107 earthquakes occurring as of March 5, 2023. Preliminary data analysis in this study of aftershocks a month after the main earthquake (Mw=7.8) indicates that the majority of the aftershock sequence concentrated near the epicenter of the main shock displaced numerous fault segments within the EAF zone and can have indirect effects on neighboring fault systems. As a result, notable earthquake activity was observed along the northern section of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system in Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. According to statistical seismological analysis, 81% of aftershocks with magnitudes less than 3 occurred after the main shock, while 38 aftershocks with magnitudes 5 or greater occurred within the first 6 days, that includes 7.5 and 6.8 magnitude shocks. The depth distribution of the large main shocks and the aftershocks was located at shallower crustal depth. The aftershock sequence is mostly distributed in the first 15 km of the earth's crust, with significant occurrences occurring between 5 and 19 km deep. The expected aftershock scenario of such a large earthquake is to continue for several months or longer, possibly years. The interaction of the EAF and the DST fault is a significant topic for study since it may well provide insights into the general tectonic activity and assist in better predicting future earthquakes in the region","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generalizations of 2-Absorbing Primary Hyperideals of Multiplicative Hyperrings 乘法超环的2吸收主超环的推广

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.37.2.2117

M. Hamoda

引用次数: 0

Influence of the Partial Replacement of Sodium Chloride by Potassium Chloride, Monosodium Glutamate Salts and Their Combination on the Physiochemical Properties, Color, and Sensory Aspects of Beef Burger 氯化钾、味精及其组合部分替代氯化钠对牛肉汉堡理化性质、颜色和感官的影响

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.37.2.2112

B. Al-Sawalha, H. Ghazzawi, Siham Lebaini

引用次数: 0

The potential use of the SCS-CN method to estimate extreme floods in the West Bank data-scarce catchments 使用SCS-CN方法估计西岸数据稀缺流域的极端洪水的可能性

An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.35552/anujr.a.37.2.2104

S. Shadeed

{"title":"The potential use of the SCS-CN method to estimate extreme floods in the West Bank data-scarce catchments","authors":"S. Shadeed","doi":"10.35552/anujr.a.37.2.2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.37.2.2104","url":null,"abstract":"In the West Bank, extreme floods are becoming more frequent. This can be attributed to the expansion of urban areas together with the climate change impacts (the increasing rainfall intensity). This situation worsens given the lack of proper hydraulic infrastructures required to safely dispose of the accumulated floods. Thus, it becomes essential to estimate extreme flood values so as help decision-makers in formulating proper corrective and preventive strategies. This study utilizes the SCS-CN approach to estimate extreme flood values at the different West Bank data-scarce catchments. Maximum annual daily rainfall (MADR) values were used to obtain extreme rainfall daily grids for different selected return periods (10, 25, 50, and 100 years). The GIS was heavily used to apply the SCS-CN method for the entire West Bank catchments. Results show that extreme daily rainfall values are increasing with the increase of the return period. Further, catchments draining into the west (into the Mediterranean Sea) have more extreme daily rainfall values than those draining to the east (into the Dead sea and the Jordan river) and as such, the expected extreme floods in these catchments are high for the selected return periods. Moreover, based on the average expected extreme flood values, a flood hazard map was developed that classifies West Bank catchments into 5 flood hazard zones. By area, about 42% of the total West Bank catchments are under high to very high flood hazard zone. The results of this research can be adapted to realize any administrative strategy changes for cohesive catchment-based extreme flood hazard management and to prioritize flood remedial plans at the different West Bank catchments.","PeriodicalId":274683,"journal":{"name":"An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126095784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0