Jos Journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Substance use among secondary school adolescents in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ekop, I. Anochie, A. Obembe, K. Airede","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V13I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V13I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent substance use is a growing epidemic that is placing heavy burdens on individuals, families and communities hence the stimulus for this study. Aim/Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of substance use among secondary school adolescents in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study done over a three-month period among secondary school adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old after obtaining appropriate ethical approvals, consent and assent. Results: A total of 1,196 questionnaires were analysed, of which 641 (53.6%) were females and 1,052 (87.96%) from public schools. The overall prevalence rate for lifetime use was 72.7%. The substance with the highest prevalence rates for lifetime, annual and current use was kola nut (44.3%, 24.4 and 11.0%, respectively) and lowest for heroin (0.7%, 0.6% and 0.5%, respectively). There was a statistically significant male preponderance for licit substance use and a non-statistically significant female preponderance for illicit substance use. 507(42.4%) students were single substance users while 363 (30.35%) students were multiple substance users. Age at first use was at ten years of age or less. Conclusion and recommendations: There is need for strengthening substance use prevention programmes and implementing regulatory laws on sale and use of substances. Stiffer penalties for offenders are recommended. Keywords: Prevalence;substance use; adolescent; secondary school; Nigeria","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"62 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective low heart rate variability overview in Jos, Nigeria","authors":"Affi Ayuba Ishaku, D. Shabbal, Christian Isichei","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V11I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V11I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Heart Rate Variability (HRV) describes the variations of both  instantaneous heart rate and R-R intervals in an electrocardiogram. Low HRV is considered to be a non-invasive measurement of autonomic inactivity and propensity lethal arrhythmias. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of patients with Low HRV over a 2 year period seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. Result: Subjects with low HRV were older (51 vs 42, p=<0.05) years with low mean heart rate p=<0.05, compared to those with normal HRV. They all had severe features of cardiac dysfunction. Females with low HRV had decreased frequency of premature atrial contraction (PACs) (52% vs 78%). Only 5 (28%) cases out of 18 retrievable cases were still attending the out- patient department 6 months after the test. Conclusions: Low HRV is common among patients who had Holter monitoring in our centre and was associated with poor patient outcome. The few incidence of atrial ectopics among females with low HRV suggests poor sympathetic autonomic function. Keywords : Holter, retrospective, low heart rate, variability, Jos","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116676209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review article: Prostate cancer screening using prostate specific antigen: Controversies and recommendations","authors":"C. Agbo, Shuaibu Si","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V10I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V10I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer among men in Nigeria and early detection is key to cure and survival but its screening through prostate specific antigen (PSA) has remain controversial in literature. Screening with prostate specific antigen (PSA) has led to more men diagnosed with prostate cancer than in previous years with potential for negative effects from overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Method : This is a review article on the controversies and recommendations regarding prostate cancer screening following detailed search of literature and online databases such as Pubmed and Google using PSA, DRE, prostate cancer, screening as key words. Conclusion : Prostate cancer screening is fraught with a lot of controversies therefore it should be individualised through  discussion between the physician and informed client using appropriate guidelines and recommendations. Key Words : Screening, prostate, cancer, PSA, DRE","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130122850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of skin diseases at the dermatology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State Nigeria","authors":"O. Emeka, S. Hadiza","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V8I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V8I2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133630707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Medicine: A Crucial Strategy for Optimal Health and Longevity.","authors":"C. Ani, G. Tawe","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V8I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V8I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Life expectancy in many developing countries is generally low. The quality of life of most people in such countries especially among those who live longer than the average life expectancy is poor. The aging process in most people in such countries is associated with many preventable chronic medical problems. Lifestyle medicine offers the evidenced based interventions that will enable most people in the world but more importantly in developing countries improve on both their quality of life and longevity. Objectives: This review highlights factors that prevent most people from enjoying optimal health and to provide evidenced based equitable lifestyle medicine interventions that prevent chronic non-communicable diseases and prevent quality longevity. Method: This narrative review was carried out following a detailed search of pubmed, Medicine, Google scholar and other online databases on the subject. Conclusion: Lifestyle medicine providers the essential package for optimal health and longevity. Lifestyle modification of multiple health behaviors is an evidenced based strategy for the practice of lifestyle medicine at individual level. Starting with the four core health behaviors is a well tested approach on the pathway to quality life and longevity.","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115425293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occult cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis: histologic profile of cervical lymph node and pan-endoscopic biopsies at university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"N. Emmanuel, O. Chukwudi, A. Ademola, E. Effiong","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V7I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V7I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occult cervical lymph node metastasis is a relatively rare oncologic disease presenting as a neck lump without an obvious mucosal lesion. Most cases arise from the upper aerodigestive tract and affect all ages. It is often a diagnostic dilemma when there is no facility to carry out a thorough evaluation. Methods: A prospective study of all patients with neck lump with unknown primary tumor site evaluated within the periods, January 2010 to December 2012 at the ENT/Head and Neck Department of University College Hospital, Ibadan. The patients went through clinical, radiological and endoscopic assessments. Fine Needle Aspirate and Cytology (FNAC) of neck node and random pan-endoscopic specimens obtained were cytological and histological analysed. Results: The prevalence of cervical nodal metastasis with unknown primary site was 9.7%. We found no gender predilection in the study. Majority of the patients with occult cervical node metastases were in the third decade of life. The histological yield of pan-endoscopy biopsy specimen was 72%. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal squamous (39%) cell carcinoma was the commonest diagnosis following random biopsy during pan-endoscopy. Conclusion: Despite limitations arising from lack of FDG PET, the yield from pan-endoscopy biopsy specimen was appreciable. Inadequate immunohistological stains and lack of FDG PET scan may have diminished the histological yield of the blind pan-endoscopy biopsy specimens. Keywords: Cervical nodal metastasis with unknown primary site, pan-endoscopy biopsy, occult cancer Jos Journal of Medicine , Volume 7 No. 2","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122990484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of unnecessary injection through health education on injection safety and rational prescription among primary health care workers in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Suleman, K. Sabitu, S. Idris","doi":"10.4314/jjm.v7i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jjm.v7i1","url":null,"abstract":"Background : unnecessary injection is one of the contributory factors of unsafe injection, generation of additional injection waste hazards and transmission of blood borne pathogens the situation was assessed in this study among primary health care workers in Katsina State between February and July 2012. Objectives: To determine the pattern of unnecessary injection prescription practice and to evaluate the effect of health education in improving rational injection prescription among health workers in Katsina State. Methodology: A quasi experimental design was used to study 275 primary health care workers among the study group and control groups with 222 prescription slips selected randomly on exit from consultation rooms. Self administered questionnaires and observation checklists modified from WHO tool for injection safety assessment were pretested and administered to the study participants determined through sample size calculation and systematic sampling selection. Data collected was entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 17. Results: The mean age of the workers was 38.2±8 years and 36.4±7.7 years among the study and control groups respectively. Most of the health workers practice prescription, the mean injection prescribed 49.0±38.7 pre intervention and 24.3±24.3 post intervention among the study group. Poly pharmacy with an average of 6.0 drugs pre intervention to 5.69 drugs post intervention remained among the workers. The mean injection prescribed reduced from 2.009±1.6 to 1.792±1.6 post intervention (p=0.001),most of the prescriptions issued by the study participants have significantly improved in writing full name of drugs, dose of medication, dose interval and legible hand writing (p<0.05). Use of generic name has improved to 52.3% post intervention and prescriber-patient communication also improved averagely in explaining to patient why oral drugs was better than injection and why injection was prescribed has improved to  84.4% and 89.6% post intervention significantly(p<0.05). Conclusion: Unnecessary injection can be reduced through training intervention among health workers, the practice of polypharmacy need more studies in order find a lasting solution to the problem. Keywords: Unnecessary Injection, Health Education, PHCWs.","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126018742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured Cornual Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twin Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report","authors":"B. Utoo, S. Ojo","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V5I2.70697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V5I2.70697","url":null,"abstract":"Cornual pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy that usually leads to uterine rupture with resultant life threatening haemorrhage. The mortality rate of interstitial pregnancies is more than twice that of other tubal pregnancies. Monochorionic monoamniotic twin gestation is also a rare form of twin pregnancy. We report a case of ruptured cornual monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy at 9 weeks 2 days. The patient's diagnosis was aided by ultrasound scan and she underwent emergency laparatomy at which cornual resection and preservation of fertility was done. A high index of suspicion for ectopic pregnancy in women of reproductive age who presented with history of amenorrhea and lower abdominal pains could prove useful in making a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. The usefulness of ultrasonography has also been demonstrated. Key Words: Monochorionic monoamniotic, cornual, twin, ectopic, pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"43 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124969620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured uterus in Azare, north eastern Nigeria","authors":"L. Dattijo, N. Umar, B. Yusuf","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V5I2.70688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V5I2.70688","url":null,"abstract":"Background:-Ruptured uterus is an obstetric emergency and results in significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. The objective of the review is to determine the incidence, predisposing factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of ruptured uterus. Methods:- A 4-year retrospective review of patients that had uterine rupture between July 2003 and June 2007 in Federal Medical Centre, Azare was carried out. Analysis of available records of the cases of ruptured uterus from the labour room, and theatre during the period under review was done. Results:-A total of 75 cases of ruptured uterus and 9015 deliveries were recorded in the period under review. The incidence of uterine rupture is 1 in 120 deliveries. The highest incidence of ruptured uterus was found in the grand multiparous women, 46 (63%). Injudicious use of oxytocin was found in more than half of the cases 41(56.2%). Majority of the rupture (56.3%) occurred in the lower segment. Thirty-two (45.1%) had repair and tubal ligation done. Maternal case fatality was 10.7% while foetal wastage was 86.3%.The commonest complication was anaemia, which occurred in 44% of the patients. Conclusion:-The incidence of uterine rupture is very high in Azare. There should be a multi-sectoral collaboration aimed at improving the utilization of medical services by the populace and the organization of health institutions offering obstetric emergency care. Key Words: -Uterine rupture, Predisposing factors, Management, Outcome, Azare","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114239014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Based Distributors and Increased Ownership of the Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Rural Area of Jos Plateau State","authors":"E. Envuladu, M. Banwat, L. Lar, A. Zoakah","doi":"10.4314/JJM.V5I2.70693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JJM.V5I2.70693","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The risk of malaria infection depends on the risk of being bitten by an infected mosquito, which itself depends on levels of transmission and exposure. The risk of infection leading to severe malaria disease depends on a person's immune status and access to treatment. Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been one of the main strategies for malaria transmission reduction. LLIns are low cost and highly effective way of reducing the incidence of malaria in people who sleep under them. By preventing malaria, LLINs reduces the need for treatment and the pressure on health services. This study set out to assess the effectiveness of community based distribution in increasing ownership of LLIN in the community. Methods: it was an interventional study with a study and control group using pregnant women in Dorowa Babuje as the study group and pregnant women in Vwang as the control group, baseline data was generated using an interviewer administered questionnaire in both the study and the control group. In the study group, the women were allowed to select among them those that served as community based distributors (CBDs) who were pregnant women themselves that could read and write and understood English, Hausa and the native language Birom. Subsequently, the women were sensitized about malaria, the importance of LLINs as a means of preventing malaria and how to care for the nets. The CBD then distributed the nets to the women while in the control group, after generating the data, the women were sensitized just like the study group and informed on the possible places they could obtain the LLINs but the LLIns were not distributed them. After a period of four months, using the same interviewer administered questionnaire, data was generated in both the study and the control group to compare the pre and the post intervention result and at the end of the study period, free LLINs were then distributed to the control group. Result: Education was seen to have a statistical significant influence in the ownership of the LLINs at pre-intervention in both the study and the control groups. Ownership of LLINs increased statistically significantly in the study group from 9.8% to 97.6% (P<0.0001) at post-intervention. In the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the level of ownership of LLIN at the end of the study period (P=0.389). The ownership of the LLINs was increased 89.8% (AF=89.8%) due to the community based distributors that shared the LLINs to the pregnant women in the community. Conclusion: The distribution of the LLIN at the community level with the involvement of the community people has lead to the significant increase in the ownership of LLIN.","PeriodicalId":274545,"journal":{"name":"Jos Journal of Medicine","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122771577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}