Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Interventional pulmonology: The new horizon in pediatric pulmonology","authors":"M. Moslehi","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115291792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic rhinitis and asthma rather than atopic dermatitis is a protective factor for dengue fever––A nationwide population: A case-control study","authors":"Chih-Min Tsai, Chang-Ku Tsai, F. Cheng, Chih-Hao Chang, Hong-Ren Yu","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Dengue fever (DF) may cause severe morbidity and mortality. Asthma has been proposed as a protective factor for DF. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are atopic diseases with a common background. Herein, we aimed to determine whether allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are also protective factors for DF, as this aspect remained unknown. Materials and Methods: A resampled nationwide population-based retrospective case-control study was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent protective factors of these atopic diseases for DF. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare dengue-free proportions between patients with or without atopic diseases. Result: This case-control cohort study included a total of 1119 patients with DF and 4476 age- and sex-matched patients without DF. At least one of these atopic diseases was observed in 1322 patients. Compared to patients with DF, the non-DF group had a high prevalence rate of atopic diseases (16.2% vs 25.5%, P <0.001). Both asthma and allergic rhinitis were protective factors for DF with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.65, P<0.001) and 0.48 (95%CI, 0.38–0.61; P<0.001), respectively. Atopic dermatitis was not a protective factor for DF (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.58–1.58; P=0.873). Conclusion: Asthma and allergic rhinitis, rather than atopic dermatitis, can be independent protective factors against DF. Our finding provides insights into the association between allergy and DF.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"604 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116074038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinicopathological study of thrombocytopenia, acute-phase reactants, and blood culture in neonatal sepsis","authors":"Fauzia Talat, K. Alam, K. Akhtar, S. Ali","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome described as any systemic bacterial infection in neonates documented by positive blood culture. However, blood culture is positive in only 5.0%–10.0% of suspected cases. Serum concentration of many acute-phase reactants rises in response to infection, which can be used as a non-specific indicator of bacterial sepsis. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate the levels of serum markers C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and thrombocytopenia with neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh from 2019 to 2021 on 172 babies (cases =142; controls = 30). Neonates with sepsis who presented with clinical signs or symptoms of sepsis were taken as case group and healthy neonates served as control. Result: Blood culture was positive in 58 (40.8%) neonates in the case group and Klebsiella was present in maximum number of cases. Blood culture was positive in only 8 (13.8%) cases out of 31 cases of mild thrombocytopenia. The total culture-positive organism was 58 (40.8%), with 09 (15.5%) gram-positive, 46 (79.3%) gram-negative organisms, and 03(5.2%) fungus. Positive CRP was seen in 88 (61.9%) neonates in the case group, out of which, positive culture was noted in 38 (65.5%) neonates and negative in 50 (59.5%) neonates. Serum ferritin values >400 µgm/L was seen in 97 (68.3%) neonates in the case group and 6 (20.0%) neonates in control group. The mean serum ferritin in culture positive neonates was 1024 ± 309 µgm/L and in culture-negative neonates was 999 ± 301 µgm/L. Conclusions: The signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are non-specific, leading to difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers such as hematological indices, blood culture, and acute-phase reactants could be more reliable in rapid evaluation and early diagnosis of sepsis and may provide a new diagnostic strategy for the neonates with sepsis.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132244995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of fractional exhaled nitric oxide level with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in Asian asthmatic children: A local single-centre retrospective diagnostic study","authors":"Ka-Nam Au, E. Chan, Shuk-yu Leung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is associated with eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in asthmatic children and studies showed fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is associated with it. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between FeNO and EIB and find a cutoff reference of FeNO for EIB based on existing normative data from healthy Asian children by Yao et al. in 2012. Materials and Methods: Asian asthmatic children who had undergone FeNO and exercise challenge test from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 in a local respiratory centre were reviewed retrospectively. The FeNO values of the individuals were converted to z-score with reference to the predicted value of FeNO in Asian children by Yao et al. in 2012. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve is plotted to identify a cutoff representing EIB. Results: Data of 88 Asian asthmatic children aged 5–18 were retrieved. There is a significant overlapping of the FeNO z-scores of normal and mild EIB groups. The cutoff value determined by the Youden index (0.724) to predict moderate or severe EIB in asthmatic patients is 3.276 with sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 83.5%Conclusion: High FeNO value of z-score 3.276 has high sensitivity and specificity to moderate to severe EIB in Asian asthmatic children. FeNO could be used as a simple test in clinic setting before exercise challenge test is available.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114389646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complicated simple snoring","authors":"E. Cheng","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_22_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_22_21","url":null,"abstract":"Primary snoring, also known as simple snoring, was historically regarded as a benign entity on the sleep-disordered breathing spectrum until recently, when more and more evidence suggested the otherwise. This article aims to provide an overview on the research directions of primary snoring and their relevant clinical significance.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between parental knowledge regarding components of written asthma action plans and asthma control levels in asthmatic children in Southern Taiwan","authors":"Yi-Pei Tai, Hsiu-Chuan Wang, Yu-Cheng Tsai, Ching-Chung Tsai, Yuan-Yi Huang, Yu-Tsun Su","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Under the hypothesis that poor asthma control in Taiwan is associated with the underuse of written asthma action plans (WAAPs), we investigate the relationship between parental knowledge of key components of WAAP and asthma control levels. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study from July 2019 to July 2021. “Written Asthma Action Plan” questionnaires were completed by the parents of asthmatic children, and the responses were correlated to the asthma symptom control level according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Results: A total of 67 asthmatic children were enrolled (males 71.6%, mean age 6.3 ± 3.3 years). The asthma control level was significantly related to WAAP questionnaire score. The key components of “know the daily medication and how to use them” and “know the triggers and how to deal with them” both showed significantly higher understanding rates in the partly controlled children compared to the uncontrolled children (P < 0.005). The rates of having WAAPs were both below 10% in these two groups. Conclusion: The asthma control level was significantly and positively related to the understanding of key WAAP components. The development of an easy-to-use WAAP and its use as a standard tool for asthmatic children is expected to greatly improve asthma control in Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129132610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarettes: An emerging threat to the respiratory health of our next generation","authors":"C. Yeung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Given dramatic rises in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents and ongoing dilemmas regarding their harms versus potential for harm reduction, this study examined the current pattern of e-cigarette use, the perceived health effects of e-cigarettes and the association of e-cigarette with the use of other tobacco products among Hong Kong secondary school students. Materials and Methods: 26,684 Hong Kong secondary school students participated in the territory-wide, school-based Hong Kong Secondary School Smoking and Health Survey 2016/17, conducted by the HKU School of Public Health. Data regarding demographics, self-reported harms of e-cigarette use, and its association with smoking intention, habits and quitting intention, was obtained and analysed. Results: Among Hong Kong secondary school students, 8.9% have ever-used e-cigarettes and the prevalence of past-30-day e-cigarette use was 3.0%. For those who had ever used e-cigarettes, 27.1% had their first puff before or at 11 years old. E-cigarette use among secondary school students was significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (current users: AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13–2.23; ever users: AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.53) and poorer perceived health status (current users: AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.27; ever users: AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.56), after adjusting for confounders. Current adolescent e-cigarette use was also significantly associated with increased intentions of tobacco smoking (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–2.46) and waterpipe use (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.77–3.91) in the next 12 months, cigarette smoking status (including those who ever-smoked, experimented, quit and currently smoke), and waterpipe and other tobacco product use in the past 30 days. Moreover, Hong Kong secondary school students who used e-cigarettes along with cigarettes did not show significant changes in quitting intention. Conclusions: E-cigarette use was associated with poorer perceived health status and respiratory symptoms, increased use and intention to use cigarettes and other tobacco products, and no significant changes in quitting intention. This study does not support e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool and shows that e-cigarettes are not safe as general consumer products. Their function as a gateway to smoking and their failure to reduce quitting intention in adolescents may renormalize the tobacco industry and reverse all tobacco control efforts.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131788309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of pulse oximetry to screen for infant obstructive sleep apnoea","authors":"Andy Hou, E. Chan, K. Kwok, Mei-yee Lau, Shuk-yu Leung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_3_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_3_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulse oximetry is currently used to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children. However, its use in infant has not yet been well studied. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a screening criterion using pulse oximetry to identify infant with probable OSA. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including infants <1 year of age with features of upper airway obstruction or requiring home oxygen to find associations between obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) in infant polysomnography (PSG) and parameters in pulse oximetry by Spearman Rho’s correlation. The factor with the strongest correlation is further analysed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify a cutoff with highest Youden index to screen for probable OSA (OAHI >2 per hour). Results: A total of 27 infants were studied. The index of oxygen desaturation with SpO2 <90% per sampled hour (ODI<90%) had the best correlation with OAHI (r = 0.52, P = 0.005). Using the cutoff of ODI<90% more than 1.3 per hour, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying OAHI >2 per hour was 77% and 71%, respectively. Conclusion: Infant pulse oximetry can be a useful tool to screen for probable infant OSA especially for paediatric units not offering infant PSG service.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of PRESS score in predicting the outcomes of children admitted with respiratory distress: A prospective study","authors":"Vanitha Jagalamarri, Lokeswari Balleda, Sravani Kolla, Thimmapuram Chandra Sekhara Reddy","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_1_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_1_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory distress in children must be promptly recognized and aggressively treated because they decompensate quickly leading to adverse outcomes. Objectives: To determine the outcomes of children admitted with respiratory distress based on PRESS score. Study Design: A prospective study which was done between September 2018 and March 2020. A total of 90 children of age group 1 month to 10 years with respiratory distress at the time of admission. Intervention: The PRESS scoring was done and outcomes measured which included use of Respiratory support [nasal cannula, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), mechanical ventilation (MV)], duration of ICU and hospital stay. Results: Compared to moderate PRESS score, children with severe PRESS score had significantly more admission in PICU (91.30% vs 64.18%, P = 0.016); significantly more number of days of hospital stay (7 vs 5, P = 0.001); significantly more number of days of ICU stay (5 vs 3, P<.0001); significantly more median days of respiratory support (4 vs 3, P<.0001); significantly more use of respiratory support (67 vs 23patients, P < 0.0003) and more HFNC usage (73.91% vs 20.90%, P<.0001). However there was comparable requirement of mechanical ventilation between the two groups (8.7% vs 0%, P = 0.063). Conclusion: PRESS score can be a useful respiratory scoring system in triaging the children at the time of admission and in predicting the requirement of respiratory support and duration of hospital stay. It probably may serve as a useful tool at the community level to consider referral to an appropriate health facility in view of its simplicity.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130716722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of orally administered heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei LCW23 in patients with allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Chung-Bin Huang, Ying-Hsiang Wang, Wei-Jen Chen, C. Tsai, Chia-Hao Kang, Pai-Yin Lin, Hsin-I Lo, Hong-Ren Yu","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we primarily evaluated the effects of IMMUPHYLA LCW23 on symptoms of allergic rhinitis. IMMUPHYLA LCW23 is a commercial probiotic product containing the Lactobacillus paracasei LCW23 strain. Materials and Methods: Sixty 5–18-year-old children with allergic rhinitis positive for the dust mite-specific bivalent antibody and meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. They were administered 2–4 g of the probiotic product containing L. paracasei LCW23 (2.5 × 109 cells/g; n = 28) or a placebo supplement (n = 32) according to their body weights for 12 weeks. After the treatment period, a self-assessment of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the nose and eyes was performed. Results: This study results revealed that 12-week supplementation with IMMUPHYLA LCW23 is safe, with no side effects. In addition, the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) assessment revealed that the probiotic significantly alleviated general discomfort (P = 0.003) and common symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as nasal congestion (P = 0.033), runny nose (P = 0.001), and blowing nose (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Administration of IMMUPHYLA LCW23 was safe in the long-term follow-up study. The probiotic likely reduced the risk of allergy prevalence, without any major side effects.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122498132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}