Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika最新文献

{"title":"Military Engagement of the US, France, and Germany in the Sahel. Towards liberal peace by post-modern intervention?","authors":"H. Ehrhart","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-71","url":null,"abstract":"The US, France and Germany have been militarily engaged in the Sahel zone for years. The US stepped up its activities after 9/11, France after the insurgency of Tuareg and Islamist groups in 2012 and Germany after the end of the French intervention, “Operation Serval”, in 2015. The initial focal point of engagement was Mali and then was extended to the Sahel region. The official rationale for this intervention is based on a mix of liberal peace arguments, such as protecting human rights, supporting democracy, furthering development and strengthening local ownership, and security-related arguments, such as the fight against terrorism, supporting regional stability and – the latest twist – preventing migration. The underlying rationale of these activities starts from the assumption of a strong security-development-nexus encapsulated in the formula “There is no development without security and no security without development”. Accordingly, a whole-of-government approach is needed to successfully cope with security challenges emanating from the Sahel. The military is only one actor amongst others and complements the activities of other state agencies. I look at these activities from a critical angle, stressing that the three countries embarked on a militarised approach framed with liberal peace arguments. Their core military activities oscillate between counter-insurgency (COIN), counter-terrorism (CT) and military capacitybuilding. These are US-terms for various modes of irregular warfare that may or may not be combined with regular warfare. I call this way of intervention “postmodern” because it is neither the classical modern way of warfare nor a mere unconventional one. In an ideal-typical framework, the main characteristics of this approach are a preference for indirect engagement (instead of direct), precise air strikes (instead of so-called “dumb bombs”), use of special operations forces (SOF) and local proxies on the ground (instead of the country’s own","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auf der Suche nach Frieden in Mali – drei Jahre nach der Unterzeichnung des Friedensabkommens 2015","authors":"Sonja Nietz","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134391961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127768422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somalia – Peacekeeping als Geschäftsmodell?","authors":"M. Schwarz","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121585347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illicit business, human trafficking and money laundering in Senegal","authors":"A. Osmanovic","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The African Union Peace and Security Council: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"B. D. Gardachew","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"725 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133251396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gibt es eine (neue) deutsche Westafrikapolitik?","authors":"M. Staack","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sicherheit in Westafrika: die ECOWAS zwischen G5-Sahel und Migrationspartnerschaften","authors":"J. Grebe, Melanie Müller","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130226402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-building ‘off the beaten track’: Insights from Somaliland","authors":"D. Balthasar","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122617947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Afrika – ein Kontinent in Bewegung in unterschiedliche Richtungen: Herausforderungen, Krisen und Lösungsansätze","authors":"R. Tetzlaff","doi":"10.5771/9783748900740-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748900740-17","url":null,"abstract":"Seit der Jahrtausendwende haben sich auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent bemerkenswerte Veränderungen ergeben, positive wie negative, darunter vor allem in folgenden acht Bereichen: Auf wirtschaftlicher Ebene (1) haben mehrere Länder über Jahre hohe Wachstumsraten erzielt, primär im Rohstoffbereich (Dennin 2013). Dieses Wachstum wurde hauptsächlich durch den Anstieg der Rohstoffpreise ermöglicht, vor allem des Ölpreises, der von weniger als 20 US $ pro Barrel im Jahr 1999 auf mehr als 145 US $ im Jahr 2008 gestiegen war. Der Anteil der Rohstoffe bei den Exporten der Sub-Sahara-Länder hat sich von 57% in den Jahren 1990-1999 auf 76% in den Jahren 2010-2014 erhöht (Zahlen der BIC (Bank of International Settlement) 2016, zit. bei Mutondoro 2018, S. 12), was auf Defizite der Industrialisierungspolitiken schließen lässt. Vereinzelt hat eine Verarbeitung von landwirtschaftlichen Rohstoffen mit Hilfe ausländischer Direktinvestitionen (FDI) der BRICS-Staaten, der USA und einiger EU-Länder stattgefunden. Betrugen die in Afrika getätigten FDI in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren etwa eine Mrd. US $ jährlich, so erhöhte sich dieser Betrag bis zu den 1990er Jahren auf vier Mrd. US $ und auf 20 Mrd. US $ in den 2000er Jahren. „In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich diese Entwicklung auf 40 Mrd. US $ jährlich gesteigert“ (Harbeson 2017, S. 37). Im Jahr 2013 überholte die Volksrepublik China die USA als Afrikas wichtigster Handelspartner (Alon et al. 2009; Hartmann, Maennig & Wang 2017; Staack & Groten 2018), der afrikanischen Ländern neues wirtschaftliches Wachstum ermöglichte. Besorgniserregend sind in jüngster Zeit die Auslandsschulden gestiegen: Laut IWF-Angaben hat sich die Zahl der low and lower middle income countries mit ernsthafter Überschuldung von acht im Jahr 2015 auf 17 im Jahr 2018 erhöht (Lakemann & von Soest 2019). Die Auslandsverschuldung der 27 afrikanischen Low Income Countries ist wieder von 68 Mrd. US $ im Jahr 2010 auf 102 Mrd. US $ im Jahr 2015 (Raschen 2017) gestiegen. Wiederholt sich die Überschuldungskrise Afrikas, die in den 1990er Jahren nur durch einen umfassenden Schuldenerlass der Gläubigerstaaten unter Führung der Weltbank entschärft werden konnte? Im afrikanischen Verkehrswesen (2) haben hauptsächlich chinesische Infrastruktur-Investitionen für den dringend notwendigen Ausbau der Eisenbahnschienenund Straßennetze gesorgt. Aufsehen erregte die Inbetriebnahme der","PeriodicalId":273742,"journal":{"name":"Sicherheits- und Friedensordnungen in Afrika","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114517653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}