Safety in Technosphere最新文献

{"title":"Eco-Geo-Chemistry of Mercury in Soils and Coals of the South of Kuzbass","authors":"Н. Осипова, N. Osipova, С.А. Арбузов, S. Arbuzov, Е. Ткачева, E. Tkacheva, Егор Григорьевич Язиков, E. Yazikov, Натали Юрьевна Тарасова, N. Tarasova","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EFDBCBDF5B3.43042870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EFDBCBDF5B3.43042870","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment for content of mercury as a toxic component of coal combustion by-product in rocks and deposit environments is aimed at identification of risks caused by impact of hazardous activities on the environment in full concordance with green chemistry concept. In this paper have been presented results of mercury content determination for the South Kuzbass coals and soils of the coal-mining area. The mercury contents in soils (30 samples) and coals (30 samples) were determined by atomic absorption method on the RA‑915+ mercury analyzer with pyrolytic attachment. The mercury content in Mezhdurechensk strip mines’ coals varies from 0.13 to 2.46 mg/kg with the average concentration of 0.57±0.10 mg/kg. The determined content exceeds the Clarke of mercury in coals by factor of 1.3 to 24.6. The mercury content in soil samples varies from 0.012 to 0.173 mg/kg with the average value of 0.057±0.007 mg/kg, which is by 1.7 times more than the average mercury content in the Earth crust. There are five locations within Mezhdurechensk city area where the mercury content in the soil exceeds 3.1–5.3 times the Clark value. During past 25 years the average mercury content in the soil has been decreased by 2.8 times. The solubility of mercury from technogenic landscapes’ soils has been studied by methods of successive acetate-ammonium and hydrochloric acid extracts. The solubility of mercury in aqueous extracts from Mezhdurechensk soils is by 2.2–2.9 times higher than the ones taken from undisturbed landscapes, in acetate-hydrochloric acid and alkaline extracts it is within the limits of content in natural soils; in strongly acidic extracts has been found the maximum solubility of mercury (30.6–84.8% from the total amount). Based on the major contribution of coal dust in the gross input of mercury into the environment of Mezhdurechensk, it is possible to expect the increasing of mercury background in and around the city caused by the growth of coal mining in the area without implementation of modern and effective methods for dust suppression.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130997854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry","authors":"Натали Юрьевна Тарасова, N. Tarasova, Екатерина Юрьевна Локтева, E. Lokteva","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EF84BA49095.30317910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EF84BA49095.30317910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains information about the 7th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry. Papers written based on reports presented at the conference were included in a special section of the «Safety in the Technosphere» journal current issue.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114846292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Phase Structure of Fluorinated Powdered Silica Resulting from Deep Processing of Rice Wastes","authors":"А. Рашковский, A. Rashkovskiy, Е. Д. Политова, E. Politova, Алексей Олегович Меркушкин, A. Merkushkin, Михаил Александрович Арсентьев, M. Arsent'ev, Елена Владимировна Масленкова, E. Maslenkova, А. С. Смолянский, A. Smolyanskiy","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F05C20B2305.16028454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F05C20B2305.16028454","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation the structure of «green» silica maid with rice husk has been studied by methods of physicochemical analysis. By method of X-ray diffraction it has been found that the samples of «green» silica powders are completely amorphous, and the observed amorphous halo consists of two components. By method of scanning electron microscopy it has been revealed that nano-particles of «green» SiO2 can form agglomerates and microstructures with dimensions from 0,1 to 500 microns, containing numerous pores, which presence has been confirmed by sorption measurements. By method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma has been found the presence of aluminum, titanium and nickel mechanical impurities in the «green» SiO2 powders. By method of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy significant amount of fluorine atoms in «green» silica (up to 5% (at.)) has been revealed, which could be introduced in SiO2 in the process of its preparation. In such a case, it was found that fluorine interacts with «green» silica by means of two mechanisms, leading to appearance of two phases within fluorinated powders of «green» SiO2.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121055738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processes of Tropospheric Ozone Formation in The Crimean Peninsula","authors":"Анжелика Куркудилова, Anzhelika Kurkudilova, Анна Сергеевна Макарова, A. Makarova, Натали Юрьевна Тарасова, N. Tarasova, Владимир Лапченко, V. Lapchenko, Елена Евстафьева, E. Yevstafyeva","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EF57D5A4147.22312796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EF57D5A4147.22312796","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed analysis of factors influencing ozone formation in the atmosphere’s surface layers has been carried out in this paper. The analysis of temperature and humidity effects has showed that, despite the obvious relationship between these parameters and ozone concentration, there are other factors that also effect significantly. In particular, the temperature and humidity dependences do not allow explain with a high degree of reliability a significant short-term increase in tropospheric ozone concentration by more than 70%. The paper authors, as follows from the analysis of biennial data on the content of tropospheric ozone, have noted that the cases of significant surpassing for ozone concentration occur only when winds are eastern, northeastern or southeasterly ones, resulting in proposition on a possible impact of oil spills at the Feodosia commercial seaport, situated at a distance of 16 km from the station.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114170149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinarity as a key to green chemistry education and education for sustainable development","authors":"Лилиана Маммино, L. Mammino","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F0A8EB0C255.92407680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F0A8EB0C255.92407680","url":null,"abstract":"Green chemistry is the chemists’ contribution to sustainable development — a contribution whose fundamental role derives from the fundamental role of chemistry for development, embracing nearly all forms of industry and nearly all products used in everyday life. The ‘development’ concept entails a myriad of components related to various disciplines; pursuing sustainable development requires careful attention to all the aspects of each component. Green chemistry interfaces with all the areas of chemistry: organic chemistry, because most substances used in the chemical industry are organic; chemical engineering, because of the need to design new production processes; computational chemistry, because its role in the design of new substances with desired properties is apt for the design of new environmentally benign substances; and many others. Their inherently interdisciplinary nature needs to be reflected in the education for sustainable development and in green chemistry education at all levels of instruction, for learners to mature a comprehensive and realistic vision. The paper highlights the importance of such interdisciplinary outlooks and considers a number of illustrative examples.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125245419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Gas Mixtures Using Membranes Impregnated with Ionic Liquids","authors":"А. И. Ахметшина, A. Ahmetshina, А. Мечергуи, A. Mechergui, Александр Александрович Петухов, A. Petuhov, А. В. Воротынцев, A. Vorotyncev, Мария Дмитриевна Сергеева, M. Sergeeva, Иль Владимирович Воротынцев, I. Vorotyncev","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F0086E5B4D7.40486881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F0086E5B4D7.40486881","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper have been considered gas transport properties of porous membranes immobilized by 1-butyl‑3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmim [BF4]) and 1-butyl‑3-methylimidazolium acetate (bmim [ace]) toward CH4, CO2 and H2S. Have been investigated transport features of individual gases as well as theirs binary mixtures CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4. It has been stated that for binary gas mixtures the highest efficiency of acidic gases separation is achieved on membranes containing bmim [ace]. It has been shown experimentally that for a membrane operating according to mechanism of simplified transport, the separation factor increases with diminishing of concentration for penetrant fixed by ionic liquid.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127802391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Leasing as Instrument for Improvement of Enterprise’s Ecological and Economic Efficiency","authors":"Михаил Николаевич Елисеев, M. Eliseev","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F08E3244624.81213045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F08E3244624.81213045","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2004 the United Nations Organization is engaging in developing and promoting the business model of chemical leasing, a special approach designed to replace the classic type of relationship between suppliers and consumers of chemicals. The model will stimulate the commercialization of innovations in chemistry, reduce the burden on the environment and achieve an economic effect from the introduction. In this paper the core of chemical leasing is laid out, as well as its development history and experience of application in Russia.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132787364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents of Rare-Earth Elements and Heavy Metals in Soils and Snow Samples","authors":"Станислав Винокуров, S. F. Vinokurov, Натали Юрьевна Тарасова, N. Tarasova, Анастасия M. Трунова, A. Trunova, Георгий Крюков, G. Kryukov","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EF709E7E877.93882747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EF709E7E877.93882747","url":null,"abstract":"The problem related to urban districts’ ecological and geochemical assessment due to the growth of environment’s technogenic pollution is becoming more and more important. The urban population is practically not protected from the constantly increasing exposure to toxic elements coming from solid, liquid and gaseous wastes of the city transport and manufactures located both in Moscow and in Moscow Region. Soils and snow samples on the territory of natural reserve «The Setun River’s Valley» have been analyzed with the aim of determining the contents of rare-earth elements and heavy metals by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Variations in concentrations of rare-earth elements, heavy metals and indicator relationships of elements in soil samples and in snow’s solid fractions have been revealed. Has been established a chaotic distribution of rare-earth elements and heavy metals in soils, as well as a decrease of some elements’ content in snow’s solid fractions at the northeastern direction. The level of seasonal atmospheric pollution for the investigated territory has been estimated, and its possible source has been identified.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Nuclear Facilities’ Safety","authors":"В. Кузнецов, V. Kuznecov, М. А. Хвостова, M. Khvostova","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F0C21A91287.33096501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5F0C21A91287.33096501","url":null,"abstract":"Research nuclear facilities (RNFs) such as research reactors (RRs), critical and subcritical stands (CSs and SCSs), have played a decisive role in obtaining fundamental and applied knowledge in the area of nuclear physics. As neutron sources, RNFs represent for experimenters a unique research tool in various areas of science and technology. Without RNFs it would be impossible both the creation of nuclear weapons and development of nuclear power industry. The number of RNFs in the world went up especially fast in the 50–70s of the last century and by the mid 1970s peaked. Over time, RNFs began to be used not only for solving problems of defense, fundamental science and nuclear power industry, but also in other industries, including medicine and biology. Dozens of RNFs was built by the Soviet Union in other countries. In this paper have been considered the safety issues of RNFs located in the Russian Federation’s territory. Statistical information has been presented, and analysis of RNFs malfunctions reasons has been carried out. Tight spots in the nuclear and radiation safety assurance at RNFs operation have been identified. The main unresolved questions connected with storage of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes have been specified. Detailed safety moves have been developed. The progress of works for RNFs decommissioning has been analyzed. To justify the technical possibility for continuing the use of RNFs, taking into account the established level of safety beyond the designated service life, it is necessary to carry out the condition survey for RNFs’ elements, systems and structures for subsequent management of theirs resource characteristics. Increasing demands on RNFs operation safety initiate the development and implementation of special activities on modernization and lifetime extension of RNFs systems elements, which are important for safety.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134119509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Oxides under the Urban Forest Crown Cover: Migration, Transformation, Real and Possible Environmental Consequences","authors":"В. Кузнецов, V. Kuznecov, О. Беднова, O. Bednova, М. Рыбникова, M. Rybnikova","doi":"10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EFA43C89ED2.10654942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/ARTICLE_5B5EFA43C89ED2.10654942","url":null,"abstract":"Has been presented the authors’ development demonstrating the possibility for determining the atmospheric air pollution in urban forest’s various areas by «passive» dosimetry’s methods. On the example of nitrogen oxides have been analyzed causes and consequences for technogenic pollution of forest ecosystems in urbanized areas. The study conducted on the territory of the Kuntsevskaya dacha’s spruce forest which is the part of the natural reserve «The Setun River’s Valley» (Moscow) has shown that in certain areas within a forest range, nitrogen dioxide accumulation in the air-ground interface can occur. Have been revealed the signs of increased nitrogen status for the investigated forest ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":273685,"journal":{"name":"Safety in Technosphere","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124242866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}