{"title":"Performance Analysis of STDMA and RA-TDMA Wireless Protocols in Industrial Scenarios","authors":"I. Val, Zaloa Fernández, L. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114474","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial applications in the industry 4.0 scope present significant requirements and challenges from the communication technologies perspective: low latency, reliability, and determinism. However, some use cases add requirements on mobility, scalability and openness, such as flexible and large automated warehouses and production lines. Combining these two kinds of requirements calls for wireless technologies that can provide an adequate trade-off. This paper compares two protocols that rate particularly well in such trade-off, namely Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access (STDMA) and Reconfigurable and Adaptive Time Division Multiple Access (RATDMA). The comparison was carried out through simulations under a multipath dispersed time-variant industrial channel while subject to a variable Doppler shift. To this end, we used OMNeT++ in combination with the VEINS framework to evaluate several relevant metrics such as packet losses and packet inter-arrival time. Overall, RA-TDMA shows longer disconnections caused by the hand-over between separate networks. Concerning packet losses, the protocols perform similarly, with RA-TDMA outperforming STDMA under overlapping networks or poor clock synchronization.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131932687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Gutiérrez Gaitán, P. Yomsi, P. Santos, Luís Almeida
{"title":"Work-In-Progress: Assessing Supply/Demand-Bound Based Schedulability Tests For Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks","authors":"Miguel Gutiérrez Gaitán, P. Yomsi, P. Santos, Luís Almeida","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114438","url":null,"abstract":"The rising adoption of wireless technologies in the In- dustrial Internet of Things has stressed the need for traffic schedulability validation at system design-time to support safety and time critical streams (e.g., process control and emergency response). In this context, the demand-based schedulability tests have recently been proposed in the literature. This work revisits two well-established techniques borrowed from the multi-processor scheduling theory, namely the demand-bound-function (DBF) and the forced-forward-demand-bound-function (FFDBF), and evaluates their performances when adapted to the field of wireless sensor-actuator networks. Simulation experiments when varying network configurations confirm the equal or better accuracy of FFDBF over DBF to estimate both network demand and schedulability. In future work, we aim at building upon these promising results in order to design novel admission control and adaptation strategies that improve network schedulability under varying workload conditions.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127446435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Rother, Martin Kasparick, E. Schweissguth, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann
{"title":"Automatic Configuration of a TSN Network for SDC-based Medical Device Networks","authors":"Benjamin Rother, Martin Kasparick, E. Schweissguth, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114471","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s operating rooms consist of a multitude of medical devices. Nowadays, the interconnection of these devices is manufacturer-dependent. To overcome this lack of interoperability, the new IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) family of standards has been developed. Plenty of use cases take advantages from the interconnection of medical devices among each other, based on SDC. In this paper, we focus on time-critical use-cases, like the activation of a high-frequency surgical device to emit power at the instrument triggered by a networked foot switch. The execution of such remote control operations, are dependent on deterministic data transmission. To fulfill these requirements we propose the usage of the new Time-sensitive Networking (TSN) standards IEEE 802.1. The combination of SDC and TSN enables semantic interoperability and hard real-time communication at the same network, based on standards. We provide a new approach to automatically configure the underlying TSN network by means of the medical devices’ self-description according to the SDC family of standards. Our approach shows that the required information for configuring the TSN network can be extracted from the self-description.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115279150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Núria Ballber Torres, B. Etzlinger, Eshagh Dehmollaian, A. Springer
{"title":"TDOA-Enhanced Distance Bounding In The Presence Of Noise","authors":"Núria Ballber Torres, B. Etzlinger, Eshagh Dehmollaian, A. Springer","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114460","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new method to secure non-ideal distance bounding techniques using time difference of arrival measurements is presented. Accurate and secure localization is crucial for many applications of real life wireless sensor networks, and extensive research has been dedicated to this topic in recent years. Distance bounding protocols are employed such that a verifier node can authenticate a prover node and at the same time ensure that the prover is close enough to the verifier. In order to increase the robustness of existing distance bounding protocols to attacks such as “early detect” or “late commit the use of passively listening verifiers that are employed additionally to the distance bounding primary verifier is studied. In such a way an extended set of measurements is obtained. The proposed approach is able to prevent those attacks. We study the presence of some vulnerabilities in our method and we show a way to prevent them.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125612558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roland Stenzl, S. Wilker, T. Sauter, A. Nagy, Thomas Bigler, A. Treytl
{"title":"Work-in-Progress: Usage of clustering algorithms for analysis of radio maps for localization using directed antennas","authors":"Roland Stenzl, S. Wilker, T. Sauter, A. Nagy, Thomas Bigler, A. Treytl","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114517","url":null,"abstract":"Common localization approaches are usually based on omni-directional antennas. There are various algorithmic methods, all of which assume strictly uniform radiation in all directions. However, in general, the output characteristics of these (nominally omnidirectional) antennas are not completely omnidirectional or even highly directional depending on the specific design. This article investigates the use of clustering algorithms to identify different areas of joint signal parameters that can be used for an RSS-based localization method. A set of clustering algorithms is investigated, and their properties to cluster RSS maps for localization applications are compared. In particular, their score for cluster quality and their execution speed relevant for deployment in embedded systems has been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131350350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semantic Trajectory Planning on the Edge for Optimized Context-Aware Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Robots","authors":"T. Klaas, Jens Lambrecht, E. Funk","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114454","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous mobile transport systems are a key enabler for flexible production organization. In order to enhance the software life cycle management and the overall function range, service-based offloading of software function towards cloud and edge is a valid alternative to monolithic onboard software architectures. We introduce an approach towards an edge-computing-based improvement of the classic autonomous navigation stack in terms of considering semantic policies using visual object detection and localization. Thus, context-aware navigation in regards to safety and efficiency can be implemented, e.g. to fulfill directions of standards and guidelines for production, hospital or public domains.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121370534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessio Sacco, G. Marchetto, R. Sisto, Fulvio Valenza
{"title":"Work-in-Progress: A Formal Approach to Verify Fault Tolerance in Industrial Network Systems","authors":"Alessio Sacco, G. Marchetto, R. Sisto, Fulvio Valenza","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114432","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed systems are extremely difficult to design and implement correctly because they must handle both system correctness and device failures. Most of the work focuses on the first aspect, and in particular, on the correctness of security and network configuration. The large demand for availability and reliability for critical services is actually pushing new architectures that tolerate faults, but a-priori analysis of redundancy and recovery features is still limited. To this end, we present a framework to design and formally verify the persistence of network properties, even in case of failures. The solution considers both nodes and links failure, and it is based on a formal model that takes both network topology and network device configurations into account. In contrast, most of the existing approaches only consider network topology. By analyzing the formal model, the framework can check whether the specified network services are still available after failures, and in case of success, it outputs a possible configuration of the devices to be used for automatic recovery.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hans-Peter Bernhard, Julian Karoliny, B. Etzlinger, A. Springer
{"title":"Work-In-Progress: Rssi-Based Presence Detection In Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Hans-Peter Bernhard, Julian Karoliny, B. Etzlinger, A. Springer","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114456","url":null,"abstract":"We propose to add a monitoring system consisting of so-called path-and guard nodes to industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs), to increase the security level by using receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements. Via these measurements, the monitoring system determines the presence of a mobile sensor node in a predefined area, which can be used to handle access rights and to increase automation capabilities in industrial applications. We add this monitoring system to an IWSN based on the EPhESOS protocol, which has a high degree of flexibility to meet industrial requirements in different applications throughout the lifetime of a sensor node while enabling energy-autonomous operation. Two practical machine learning algorithms for RSSI-based presence detection are presented, namely a support vector machine and a neural network algorithm. They are evaluated in an automotive example and tested for their robustness against malicious attacks. Additionally, a method to find the best node locations of the monitoring system is presented.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127453694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mainak Majumder, Santiago Soler Perez Olaya, Marco Ehrlich, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite, M. Wollschlaeger
{"title":"Work-in-Progress: Semantic Knowledge Base as a Solution for Heterogeneous Industrial Network Management","authors":"Mainak Majumder, Santiago Soler Perez Olaya, Marco Ehrlich, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite, M. Wollschlaeger","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114450","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of Industry 4.0 brings the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) inside the factory premise and made the boundaries between the information and operational technologies (IT & OT) obsolete. This, in turn, introduces the problem of interoperability due to the integration of multiple industrial protocols and technologies from various automation networks. The aim of this paper is to investigate this interoperability problem of heterogeneous network management and propose a semantic network knowledge base as a solution to it. It also describes a set of generic interface functions for data acquisition.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131400774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niklas Reusch, Luxi Zhao, Silviu S. Craciunas, P. Pop
{"title":"Window-Based Schedule Synthesis for Industrial IEEE 802.1Qbv TSN Networks","authors":"Niklas Reusch, Luxi Zhao, Silviu S. Craciunas, P. Pop","doi":"10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS47810.2020.9114414","url":null,"abstract":"Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) introduces standardized mechanisms that add real-time capabilities to IEEE 802.1 Ethernet networks. In particular, the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) can be used to send frames in a deterministic fashion according to a predefined global schedule. Existing methods for generating the global communication schedule enforce isolation either in the time or in the space domain. This extended abstract presents a novel, more flexible window-based scheduling algorithm which removes the previously required isolation constraints for Scheduled Traffic (ST) by integrating worst-case delay analysis to guarantee bounded latency.","PeriodicalId":272431,"journal":{"name":"2020 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134160932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}