{"title":"Internally Organized Activity During Offline Brain States","authors":"G. Buzsáki","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190905385.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190905385.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"A prime example of internally organized patterns is observed during sleep. The best studied of these is the sharp wave ripple in the hippocampus. Neuronal sequences during ripple events reach back to the past to replay snippets of waking experience at times when the brain is disengaged from the outside world. This process may consolidate episodic memories and stitch together discontiguous experiences, thereby giving rise to creative thoughts. In addition, neuronal assembly sequences during ripples also act as internalized, vicarious, trial-and-error mechanisms that can assist with subconscious optimization of future plans. Because the same neuronal substrate can perform both retrospective and prospective operations, it is not clear whether the traditional separation of postdiction (i.e., memory) from prediction (i.e., planning) is justified.","PeriodicalId":270832,"journal":{"name":"The Brain from Inside Out","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121719022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Problem","authors":"G. Buzsáki","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190905385.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905385.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews how empiricist philosophy shaped the dominant outside-in thinking in neuroscience that gave rise to the perception-decision-action framework. In contrast, the inside-out framework takes action as the primary source of knowledge. Action validates the meaning and significance of sensory signals by providing a second opinion. The chapter also compares the relationship between “blank slate” and preconfigured brain models. It describes the brain as a sort of “dictionary” with preexisting internal dynamics and syntactical rules, filled initially with nonsense neuronal words. These nonsense words acquire significance for the animal through exploratory action and represent a distinct event or situation. Preconfigured neuronal networks can generalize and provides fast and “good-enough” solutions under many situations, while detailed and precise computation mobilizes a large fraction of brain resources.","PeriodicalId":270832,"journal":{"name":"The Brain from Inside Out","volume":"106 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113960358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internally Organized Cell Assembly Trajectories","authors":"G. Buzsáki","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190905385.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190905385.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Sequences of neuronal patterns are not always imposed on brain circuits in an outside-in manner by the sensory inputs. Internally organized processes can sustain self-organized and coordinated neuronal activity even without external inputs. A prerequisite of cognition is the availability of internally generated neuronal sentences. Self-generated, sequentially evolving activity is the default state of affairs in most neuronal circuits. Neuronal activity moves perpetually, and its trajectory depends only on initial conditions. Large recurrent networks can generate an enormous number of trajectories without prior experience. On the other hand, each is available to be matched by experience to “represent” something useful for the downstream reader mechanisms. The richness of the information depends not on the numbers of generated sequences but on the reader mechanisms. It is typically the reader structure that initiates the transfer of information, coordinating the onset of messages from multiple senders.","PeriodicalId":270832,"journal":{"name":"The Brain from Inside Out","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132133681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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