Annals of Public Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Alma Ata Declaration and Malaria Prevention: Ten Years Narrative Review of landmark Achievement on Use of Insecticide Treated Nets(Itns) Among Pregnant Mothers and Children Under Five in Nigeria","authors":"J. Odoko, E. Nwose, S. D. Nwajei, E. Agege, John E. Moyegbone, O. Akuirene, E. Igumbor","doi":"10.36959/856/518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/518","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria epidemiology in Nigeria is still at a concerning rate. Health promotion is fundamental in primary healthcare (PHC) and one of the components is the prevention of endemic diseases, which include the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs), provided free and Roll Back Malaria (RBM) programs. The objective of this study is to narratively review the ten years landmark achievement of Alma-Ata declaration on the use of ITNs among pregnant mothers and under-five children between 2009 and 2019 in Nigeria, including the RBM target and geopolitical zones' performances.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114891790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Perspectives as the COVID-19 Vaccines Enter Production and Distribution Phases","authors":"M. Rabiu, R. Mohammed","doi":"10.36959/856/515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/515","url":null,"abstract":"One of the high points in a year marred by the COVID-19 pandemic is the news of the COVID-19 vaccine becoming available to the world [1]. Already, more than a million deaths have been recorded due to the COVID-19 virus and its severe complications [2]. Many world regions are having to create programs to cater to the long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19 manifestations in other individuals, described by the term ‘Long COVID’ in the United Kingdom [3]. The socio-economic impact of this pandemic on life around the world continues to be alluded to [4]. While the COVID-19 vaccines’ potentials are being celebrated, corollaries can be made to other public health concerns worth shedding light on.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116185973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Week Rule Compliance: Assessing General Practice Use of the 'Two Week Rule' Referral Pathway for the Suspicion of Colorectal Cancer","authors":"K. Shahzad, G. Alexander, D. Simon, Saldanha James, Mukherjee Arijit","doi":"10.36959/856/516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/516","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The ‘Two-Week-Rule’ (TWR) for referring patients with a suspicion of colorectal cancer (CRC) was implemented in 2000 to improve CRC survival rates. Guidelines exist to assist general practitioners (GPs) identify patients based on high-risk symptomology. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of these guidelines, to determine whether a correlation exists between individual criteria within the guidelines and CRC, and to assess GP compliance of guidelines in referring symptomatic patients. Methods: 485 consecutive ‘TWR’ referrals to a colorectal unit in a district general hospital and all patients diagnosed with CRC or high grade dysplasia (HGD) regardless of referral route, were prospectively collected between July and December 2015. Both lists were independently maintained and retrospectively analysed. Results were cross-examined for accuracy and main measures include: reason(s) for referral, secondary-care investigation(s) and diagnoses. Results: GPs referred 333 patients based on symptomology suggestive of CRC; while referring an additional 152 patients (31.3%) that failed to meet NICE guidelines for TWR referral. CRC or HGD was diagnosed in 28 patients; 27 of whom (96.4%, p = 0.0005) were identified through a guideline compliant referral. During the study period 79 cases of CRC or HGD were diagnosed from all referral routes; 36.7% through the ‘TWR’ referral pathway. Conclusion: Updated NICE referral guidelines for suspected CRC appear to be effective in identifying patients with CRC based on high-risk symptomology. Guideline compliance from GPs remains a barrier in the ‘TWR’ referral system. GPs paradoxically over-refer guideline non-complaint patients, while under-referring guideline complaint patients; reducing the effectiveness of the ‘TWR’ referral system.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126515619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeopathic Intervention in Health Workers with COVID-19: Case Study","authors":"A. Costa, Moita Sued Magalhães, Ramos Fernanda Ingrid Oliveira, Schwermann Laura Pinho, A. Frota","doi":"10.36959/856/514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/514","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The article brings two cases, both of health workers subject to multiple psychological stresses during the pandemic, diagnosed with COVID-19 and submitted to homeopathic therapy in the context of uncertainties surrounding therapies directed at SARS-CoV-2. Case presentation: First case - Patient, 35 years old, asthmatic, with psychosomatic condition associated with dysgeusia, anosmia and lymphopenia. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 by means of PCR. A combination of Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, Ivermectin and probioticwas performed with bronchodilator and Phosphorus 30 CH. There was complete remission. Second case - Patient, 56 years old, with comorbidities presented dizziness and headache associated with anxiety and fear of dying. Echocardiogram, two computed tomography scans and PCR were performed, which confirmed positive for COVID-19. Medications already in use were maintained, associating them with Azithromycin and Ivermectin. There was an overall improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: Although there is no confirmation of homeopathic treatment as a responsible for the recovery of patients, such therapy may have contributed positively to reducing the time needed to recover the clinical status of patients.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"119 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130130888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Health: Comparison of the Urine Dipstick Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio and Dipstick Proteinuria","authors":"N. Eun-Hee, C. Seon, Kim Suyoung, Cho Han-Ik","doi":"10.36959/856/512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/512","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) needs to be detected early in order to prevent a poor outcome in the general population. A semiquantitative evaluation based on a dipstick has become available to detect the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and proteinuria simultaneously in spot urine samples. The aim of this study was to compare dipstick ACR with proteinuria for CKD screening in a primary healthcare setting. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 88,479 subjects who underwent a health check up at 16 health promotion centers in 13 Korean cities. Dipstick ACR and proteinuria was measured using the automated urine test strip analyzer UC-3500 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). CKD definition and risk categories according to the 2012. Kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines were created using a combination of eGFR and albuminuria. Albuminuria was defined using dipstick ACR ≥ 30 mg/g and dipstick proteinuria as ≥ trace or protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) ≥ 150 mg/g. Results: The prevalence of CKD using dipstick ACR, proteinuria, and PCR were 16.3%, 12.7%, and 11.9%, respectively. The concordance rates between the dipstick ACR-and proteinuria- or PCR-based CKD risk categories were 88.76% (κ = 0.567) and 92.06% (κ = 0.683), respectively. On being grouped according to dipstick proteinuria, CKD risk categories would be underestimated than be overestimated. 37.2% and 37.6% of the subjects with ≥ moderately increased CKD risk using ACR-based category were reclassified into lower risk CKD using dipstick proteinuria (≥ trace) and PCR, respectively. Conclusion: The CKD risk category using dipstick proteinuria the ACR-based CKD risk category. These data suggest that screening of using dipstick ACR is recommended in a primary healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"1161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Nature Have a Systematic Sex Bias: Prevalence, Mortality, and Trend of COVID-19","authors":"S. Niharika, Bhattacharyya Arinjita, S. Anand, N. RaiShesh","doi":"10.36959/856/508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/508","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The unprecedented outbreak of a contagious respiratory disease similar to pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus termed COVID-19 has led to a pandemic claiming millions of lives worldwide. Potential vaccine candidates are underdevelopment to contain and mitigate the spread of Global cases and deaths. Preliminary reports suggest that males and females are affected differentially in cases and deaths. Objective: To study the statistical significance of sex and gender bias in COVID-19 infection and deaths across 75 selected countries in the world, specifically for the United States. To summarize, the prevalence and incidence rates of this infectious disease globally segmented by developed, developing, and transitioning countries. Methods: Data on sex are collected from the sex-disaggregated data tracker Global Health 50/50, University College London until September 21, 2020, UN COVID-19 and gender monitor, and CDC COVID data tracker. The hypothesis was tested using the one-sample binomial proportion test to be 50% within males and females for infection rate and mortality. Prevalence and Incidence rates by sex are illustrated graphically. Results: Females in countries with transitioning and developed economies have a higher number of cases and deaths than males, while in developing countries, males have high mortality due to Coronavirus. Also, men are at greater risk of worst outcomes if infected with the SARS-Cov-2 virus, including mortality. The differential effect of gender in death counts in the US is statistically significant, with reported p-values < 0.05. In the oldest US population (85+ years), females’ death rate is higher due to the virus. Monthly deaths in the US were at its peak during March April 2020 for both sexes. Conclusion: Clinical researchers, health insurance planners can follow the suggested approach outlined here to target a specific population for inaugural vaccination and immunization. Although everyone should follow the CDC guidelines of prevention, it is recommended that the females strictly follow the CDC guidelines due to a higher rate of Coronavirus infection. Also, the effect of age is delineated to help vaccine administration priority.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125931878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Nasal and Oropharyngeal Swabs in Diagnosing COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients","authors":"K. Shahzad, M. Morag, Torpiano Giuliana, Ng ShouKee, M. Sajid","doi":"10.36959/856/509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/509","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To evaluate the sensitivity of nasal and oropharyngeal swabs in diagnosing COVID-19 in hospitalised patients and comparing patient factors and admission investigations to the swab result. Methods: Multicentre retrospective cohort study of all COVID-19 swab positive patients who were in-patients on 9th April 2020. Electronic case notes were analyzed for baseline characteristics including; age, gender, co-morbidities, admission blood tests and swab results. The results of each consecutive swab for COVID-19 was analysed for each patient. The number of swabs required to achieve a positive test was used to assess the sensitivity of the test. Results: Of the 173 patients identified, 108 (62.4%) were males, mean age was 68.4 ± 14.7 years. Commonest comorbidity was hypertension (50.9%). 152 (87.9%) patients had their first swab positive. Age over 71 years was positively associated (53.3% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.018) and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index ≤ 2 was negatively associated (25.0% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.009) with the first swab being positive. Admission blood tests and chest X-ray findings did not influence the swab results. Conclusion: The sensitivity of swab for symptomatic and hospitalised patients was higher than previously thought and admission investigations do not predict the result of swab in COVID-19 positive patients.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126383064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Media and Public Interest in COVID-19: An Investigation of Anosmia Related Search Queries in the United States","authors":"A. QuereshyHumzah, K. JellaTarun, S. RuthbergJeremy, K. Armine, Aviles Claudia Cabrera, D. OttesonTodd, D. Brian","doi":"10.36959/856/507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/507","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) can be heralded by anosmia as a major symptom in up to 60% of patients. In this study, we sought to describe the temporal and geospatial distribution of anosmia in internet search queries relative to COVID-19 case densities across the United States, and to characterize the quality of online resources people used for anosmia searches during the early stages of the pandemic. Methods: We identified keywords to reflect searches relating to anosmia. Google Trends was used to monitor the geospatial and temporal distribution of anosmia-related search queries. Similar web technologies data were used to extract US website utilization for anosmia search queries from January to March 2020. COVID-19 positive results were determined from data reported by the CDC and health departments. Results: As of April 17, 2020, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut had the most anosmia-related search queries. In January and February 2020, search queries were at just 1.8% of the peak search volume on March 23, 2020. In March, searches for anosmia-related terms increased to 73,600, a 177% increase from February queries. The top websites resulting from queries in March were The New York Times (10.1%), CNN (9.0%), and The Washington Post (5.7%), with “other” websites accounting for 48.5% of searches. Conclusion: States with high prevalence of COVID-19 showed significant increases in searches pertaining to anosmia during peak times of disease. Patients investigating their loss of smell have been routed to a variety of online resources, with significant risk of patient misinformation. The months following the onset of the pandemic are critical for the creation of accurate resources for their patients and the population as a whole. Check for updates best possible care for COVID-19 patients. Due to the high mucosal viral load, with the nasal cavity as a primary site of viral entry and replication, growing data supports the inclusion of anosmia or hyposmia as one of the presenting symptoms in COVID-19 patients [4,5]. Initial reports have suggested that anosmia could occur in the absence of Citation: Quereshy HA, Jella TK, Ruthberg JS, et al. (2020) Mass Media and Public Interest in COVID-19: An Investigation of Anosmia Related Search Queries in the United States. Ann Public Health Reports 4(1):122-128 Quereshy et al. Ann Public Health Reports 2020, 4(1):122-128 Open Access | Page 123 | tional data to identify dates or time points with particular peaks in interest in anosmia. All query categories were used for the search. We chose January 1st, 2020 as the start date to capture the baseline anosmia interest prior to the start of the pandemic in mid-March 2020. Fluctuations in Google Trend search volume indices were correlated with the progression in COVID-19 in early 2020. Google Search Volume Index (GSVI) denotes 100 as the maximum (in this case, maximum state or maximum date), and all other values are relative to that peak. This i","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Age Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index Predict Prognosis in Hospitalised COVID-19 patients?","authors":"K. Shahzad, El-Zanati Hisham, M. Sajid","doi":"10.36959/856/506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/506","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective cohort study of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 in three acute hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups based on ACCI: Low ACCI (0-4) and high ACCI (≥ 5). Electronic case notes were analysed and results were compared.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116418926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation between RAS and COVID-19, Short Review of the Latest Evidence","authors":"Vitiello Antonio, Santilli Priscilla, F. Francesco","doi":"10.36959/856/497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/856/497","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cause of the recent global pandemic, which is causing thousands of deaths worldwide and represents a health challenge with few precedents in human history. The angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE-2) has been identified as the receptor that facilitates access to SARS-CoV-2 in cells; evidence shows that its concentration varies during the various stages of viral infection.","PeriodicalId":270223,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Public Health Reports","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128149954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}