{"title":"An Optimal Allocation Framework of Security Virtual Network Functions in 6G Satellite Deployments","authors":"A. Petrosino, G. Piro, L. Grieco, G. Boggia","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700728","url":null,"abstract":"In the emerging 6G satellite deployments, the interaction between Non-Terrestrial Network terminals and satellite constellations will generate a large surface of attack, which requires the design of novel security architectures. The scientific literature suggests to implement security services as Virtual Network Functions, installed onboard the satellites. The dynamic orchestration of these services, however, still represents a challenging and open research issue. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a novel approach willing to allocate security Virtual Network Functions across satellites, in a dynamic and optimal way. To this end, an optimization problem is formulated by deeply considering the intermittent connectivity between terminals on the Earth and the satellite constellation, the limited computational capabilities of satellites, and the need to provide secure Virtual Network Functions before a given time deadline. Then, the Tabu Search algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem and achieve preliminary results in realistic scenarios. The study illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach and highlights the issues to address in future research activities.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128995965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank Engelhardt, Sophie Herbrechtsmeyer, M. Günes
{"title":"Kinesthetic Coding Based on the Fast Wavelet Transform for Remote-Controlling a Quadrotor Drone","authors":"Frank Engelhardt, Sophie Herbrechtsmeyer, M. Günes","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700722","url":null,"abstract":"Haptic Communication requires low-latency coding schemes that provide minor or even no coding losses. Blockwise coding schemes, such as those based on the Fast Wavelet Transform (FWT), are in general inappropriate here as they introduce additional delay. Yet blockwise schemes are applicable, too, in the special case that an application is oversampling, i.e., the tolerable delay is higher than the sampling rate. We demonstrate this rule in a case study where we operate a remotely controlled quadrotor drone with a WiiMote® device with haptic feedback. The blockwise Wavelet-based coding scheme that we have utilized shows potential in reducing the coding error (in terms of RMSE) while maintaining a constant coding delay. We have evaluated our approach in experimental flights with our teleoperation system and compared compression factor, coding delay, and coding error for Weber coding and Wavelet-based coding. Additionally, we investigated the Opus audio codec as a lower bound for coding performance.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129454526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. B. M. M. Rahman, Yetong Cao, Xinliang Wei, Pu Wang, Fan Li, Yu Wang
{"title":"On the Feasibility of Handwritten Signature Authentication Using PPG Sensor","authors":"A. B. M. M. Rahman, Yetong Cao, Xinliang Wei, Pu Wang, Fan Li, Yu Wang","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700557","url":null,"abstract":"Handwritten signature authentication is an important service to defend against fraudulent activities. Current automated solutions rely heavily on dedicated devices and require certain user efforts. In this work, we explore the feasibility of a new type of signature authentication system, SAP - Signature Authentication with PPG Sensor, which leverages Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors in wrist-worn wearable devices. To make SAP non-intrusive and secure, we design effective algorithms to separate the signature signals from the heartbeat signals in the raw PPG signals. We implement a low-cost hardware prototype of SAP. Our preliminary experimental results show that SAP can achieve an average F1 score of up to 98%.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129641138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calvin Davis, Jaired Collins, Joshua Fraser, Haoxiang Zhang, Shizeng Yao, Emily Lattanzio, Bimal Balakrishnan, Ye Duan, P. Calyam, K. Palaniappan
{"title":"CAVE-VR and Unity Game Engine for Visualizing City Scale 3D Meshes","authors":"Calvin Davis, Jaired Collins, Joshua Fraser, Haoxiang Zhang, Shizeng Yao, Emily Lattanzio, Bimal Balakrishnan, Ye Duan, P. Calyam, K. Palaniappan","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700515","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling and simulation of large urban regions is beneficial for a range of applications including intelligent transportation, smart cities, infrastructure planning, and training artificial intelligence for autonomous navigation systems including ground vehicles and aerial drones. Immersive environments including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR or XR) can be used to explore city scale regions for planning, design, training and operations. Virtual environments are in the midst of rapid change as innovations in display tech-nologies, graphics processors and game engine software present new opportunities for incorporating modeling and simulation into engineering workflows. Game engine software like Unity with photorealistic rendering and realistic physics have plug-in support for a variety of virtual environments. In this paper, we explore the visualization of urban scale real world accurate meshes in virtual environments, including the Microsoft HoloLens head mounted display or the CAVE VR for multi-user interaction.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130337546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Nazmus Sadat, Erwin Vargas-Alfonso, Rui Dai
{"title":"Quality-Aware Video Analytics in Edge Computing Environments","authors":"Mohammad Nazmus Sadat, Erwin Vargas-Alfonso, Rui Dai","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700719","url":null,"abstract":"Edge computing has opened new doors for real-time video analytics applications due to its ability to offer significantly faster response times by processing videos near the source. However, the limited computing capabilities of edge devices can affect the quality of video analysis. While the existing literature has focused on minimizing latency, the quality aspect needs to be rigorously investigated to satisfy the high accuracy requirements of video analytics applications. This paper proposes a new quality-aware video analytics framework for edge networks. First, a real-time video analytics platform based on edge computing is designed and implemented. Then, the impacts of different factors on the quality and the overall latency of edge computing-based video analysis are investigated. Next, the trade-off between the video analysis quality and the latency, i.e., computation benefits at the edge vs. remote server, is studied. Finally, a quality-aware edge computing-based video analytics framework (QVAF) is designed to minimize the total latency while guaranteeing a required detection accuracy. Evaluation results show that QVAF could significantly improve response times across different detection accuracy requirements.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130497618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shalitha Wijethilaka, P. Porambage, C. D. Alwis, Madhusanka Liyanage
{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis on Network Slicing for Smart Hospital Applications","authors":"Shalitha Wijethilaka, P. Porambage, C. D. Alwis, Madhusanka Liyanage","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700535","url":null,"abstract":"Network slicing (NS) is technology that enables emerging smart applications and use cases in Fifth Generation (5G) and beyond networks. One such application is smart hospitals, which has diverse network requirements for applications ranging from Augmented Reality (AR) and robot assisted surgeries to connecting large numbers of medical wearables and sensors. NS can be performed in smart hospitals under different strategies based on dynamicity, ownership, and application. This paper investigates how these strategies can be utilized in different smart hospital applications. The performance of each slicing strategy in a hospital network is analyzed under three matrices: bandwidth utilization, handover count, and block count.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126912019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariam M. N. Aboelwafa, Ghada H. Alsuhli, Karim Banawan, Karim G. Seddik
{"title":"Self-Optimization of Cellular Networks Using Deep Reinforcement Learning with Hybrid Action Space","authors":"Mariam M. N. Aboelwafa, Ghada H. Alsuhli, Karim Banawan, Karim G. Seddik","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700651","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networks have been going through tremendous proliferation recently. As a result, a continuous configuration and management are necessary to sustain a balanced performance while facing such continued growth and endless changes. A self-managed network is required to replace manual management, which is costly, time-consuming, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning-based cellular network management system. The proposed system aims to enhance the network stability and adaptability to temporal changes (e.g., load imbalances across cells). The presented approach is a deep reinforcement learning scheme that enables a network manager to learn a policy that maximizes the network average sum throughput while trying to minimize the consumed energy and the number of blocked users. In addition to controlling the transmitted power and the cell individual offset, MIMO can be switched ON and OFF to control the consumed energy without affecting the quality of service. This results in a hybrid action space, i.e., our action vector has some binary actions as well as continuous actions. We present a novel algorithm to deal with this hybrid action space. Our results reveal that our proposed algorithm is flexible, efficient, and reliable. We report significant performance gains compared to some baselines (without self-management) and previously proposed algorithms.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116255230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryoga Seki, D. Kominami, H. Shimonishi, Masayuki Murata, Masaya Fujiwaka
{"title":"Object Estimation Method for Edge Devices Inspired by Multimodal Information Processing in the Brain","authors":"Ryoga Seki, D. Kominami, H. Shimonishi, Masayuki Murata, Masaya Fujiwaka","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700655","url":null,"abstract":"To realize real-time mobile augmented reality applications, various objects in the real world need to be instantly identified, located, and represented as a digital twin through sensor devices and edge IoT systems. However, it is challenging to make a fast and accurate decision on what the object is from real-time noisy streaming information. Multimodal decision making has been expected to mitigate such incomplete information and improve the accuracy of simplified recognition algorithms tuned for edge devices. In this paper, we propose an object estimation method inspired from the multimodal information processing mechanism of the brain, which makes decisions based on multiple types of uncertain observed information. Through computer simulations, we show that our proposed method identifies an object accurately and quickly from uncertain observed information.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121473711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De-prioritization Impact of LCH-based Prioritization for Industrial Internet of Things in 3GPP NR","authors":"S. Baek, Anil Agiwal, Jaehyuk Jang","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700666","url":null,"abstract":"As a component of wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), LCH-based Prioritization has been recently introduced in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)’s latest release of radio communications standards. This paper mathematically analyzes latency performance of LCH-based Prioritization whose major scenario is that multiple IIoT data flows are simultaneously served by a single user equipment. Closed-form expressions of mean waiting time and required periodicity of Configured Grant (CG) which carries the IIoT data flows are derived. Numerical and simulation results show that LCH-based Prioritization would degrade the performance of IIoT data flows with slightly lower priority de-prioritized by higher priority data, and more frequent resource allocation called over-provisioning is required to meet the latency requirements of all served IIoT data flows. Also, we investigate the efficiency of the over-provisioning affected by lower priority IIoT data flows. To increase the resource efficiency and reduce latency of the standardized LCH-based Prioritization, a scheduling enhancement scheme called Padding BSR-Triggered Resource Allocation (PBTRA) is proposed. PBTRA effectively mitigates the de-prioritization impact of lower priority IIoT data flows. This shows that the standalone LCH-based Prioritization is not sufficient and gNB scheduler’s assistance should be essentially considered for efficient support of IIoT services.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125978361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Gulati, Sayemul Islam, Amitangshu Pal, K. Kant, Albert Kim
{"title":"Characterization of Magnetic Communication Through Human Body","authors":"R. K. Gulati, Sayemul Islam, Amitangshu Pal, K. Kant, Albert Kim","doi":"10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC49033.2022.9700669","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical systems of implanted miniaturized sensors and actuators interconnected into an intra-body area net-work could revolutionize treatment options for chronic diseases afflicting internal organs. Considering the well-understood limitations of radio frequency (RF) propagation in the human body, we have explored magnetic resonance (MR) coupling for both communications and energy transfer through the body. In this paper, we have discussed the design and implementation of a software-defined prototype using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) boards. We have reported experimental results on the achieved packet error rates at different positions through-the-body distances and packet sizes. We have observed experimentally that the MR signal propagates through the body substantially better than in the air, and can provide a practical means for energy transfer and communications in intra-body networks. It also works better than the better understood galvanic coupling.","PeriodicalId":269305,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131372735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}